Women face specific challenges related to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer. The top 10 causes of death for women in both high and low-income countries include several NCDs. Women are more susceptible to NCDs due to biological and societal factors that make prevention and treatment more difficult. Addressing NCDs will be a priority for improving women's health and development globally.
It is very important to pay attention to the double burden of the communicable and noncommunicable diseases in the Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC). In this presentation we discuss the association between HIV and its treatment and Diabetes mellitus.
It is very important to pay attention to the double burden of the communicable and noncommunicable diseases in the Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC). In this presentation we discuss the association between HIV and its treatment and Diabetes mellitus.
It’s wrong to say that food poisoning is not as big of a concern as cancer, heart disease, or any other health condition. In Australia, for instance, it’s a standard medical issue: an estimated 4.1 million Australians get afflicted by food-borne illnesses each year. That’s about 11,500 people coming down with food-borne illnesses daily. And throughout the world, it’s largely the same thing.
Epidermiologic pattern of viral hepatitis in afghanistanIslam Saeed
Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis in Afghanistan. The presentation is prepared by Dr. Islam Saeed, Director for Surveillance/DEWS at Afghan National Public Health Institute (ANPHI), MoPH
It’s wrong to say that food poisoning is not as big of a concern as cancer, heart disease, or any other health condition. In Australia, for instance, it’s a standard medical issue: an estimated 4.1 million Australians get afflicted by food-borne illnesses each year. That’s about 11,500 people coming down with food-borne illnesses daily. And throughout the world, it’s largely the same thing.
Epidermiologic pattern of viral hepatitis in afghanistanIslam Saeed
Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis in Afghanistan. The presentation is prepared by Dr. Islam Saeed, Director for Surveillance/DEWS at Afghan National Public Health Institute (ANPHI), MoPH
Varieties of Vacuum Switches are available on the basis of the Enclosure like IP 54, IP 54, IP 65 or, IP 66
Adjustable Range : 760 to 100 mm Hg Vacuum
Diaphragm : Teflon or, Neoprene
Pressure Housing MOC : Aluminium, Brass or, SS 316
Sexual activity after myocardial infarctionTarek Anis
This presentation describes cardiovascular risk of sexual activity as well as recommendation to manage erectile dysfunction in men with coronary artery disease
Educational Grand Rounds: Chronic Illnesses and Spiritual HealthS'eclairer
Dr. Safdar Chaudhary talks about:
Identifying addictions in everyday life and cultural norms.
Not being shameful and being able to acknowledge and treat.
Science of addiction being separate from the politics.
Why do we pick a certain drug?
Giving them something better as a treatment.
Want to join us for the live discussion? Check out our Social Media in the noon hour every Monday as we sit down on Google Hangout OnAir! Follow us on Twitter, Facebook, or Google+ to get updated with the link when we start!
A report by the World Health Organisation on Chronic Disease as a Global Health Crisis (original article at http://www.who.int/chp/chronic_disease_report/presentation/en/index.html)
Breast Cancer Essay examples
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
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2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
2. Respiratory
Mental illness
80% of of deaths
60% those deaths
worldwide in cancer
injuries
low and middle
income countries
heart disease
diabetes
3. 10 Leading causes of death:
Adult Females
High-income countries
Breast Cancer
Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers
Ischemic heart disease
Suicide
Stroke
Colon and rectum cancers
Cirrhosis of the liver
Road Traffic accidents
Ovary Cancer
Poisonings
4. 10 Leading causes of death:
Adult Females
Low-income countries
HIV/AIDS
Tuberculosis
Maternal Hemorrhage
Stroke
Lower respiratory infections
Ischemic heart disease
Cervical Cancer
Diarrheal diseases
Breast Cancer
Diabetes
5. Ischemic heart disease
Stroke
Breast cancer
Suicide
Cervical cancer
Road traffic accidents
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
11. 2nd class citizens of Death:
Leading Causes of Death:
Leading Causes
Adolescence
Reproductive Age
1) HIV/AIDS
Burden of work
Diarrheal diseases
1)
2) Suicide
2) Tuberculosis
Physical Abuse
3) Lower respiratory infections
3) Suicide
Sexual Abuse WHO
18. References
Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves. (2012). Cookstoves and non-communicable
diseases information sheet. Retrieve at: http://www.cleancookstoves.org/resources/
fact-sheets/.
NCD Alliance. (2012). Non-communicable diseases: A priority for women’s health and
development. Retrieved at: http://ncdalliance.org/node/3442.
Unwin, N. and Albeerti, K. (2006). Chronic non-communicable diseases. Annals of
Tropical Medicine and Parasitology. Vol 100:5&6 455-464.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2009). Women and Health: Todays evidence
tomorrow’s agenda. WHO Press Geneva, Switzerland.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2011). Global status report on noncommunicable
diseases 2010. WHO Press Geneva, Switzerland
Editor's Notes
Non-Communicable diseases, also commonly referred to as chronic diseases, are diseases and conditions, which are not infectious. While NCDs have long been thoughtofas only a problem for high-income countries, current data and research shows that these disease are a major source of sickness and death in low and middle-income countries. WHO reports that in 2008 over 60% of deaths worldwide were from NCDs in which 80% of those deaths were in low and middle-income countries (WHO, 2011). These
There are many myths and misconceptions about NCDs one is that men are more likely to suffer from one fo these diseases than women but in high in come countries all the leading causes of death are NCDs
7 og the 10 leading causes fo death for all females in thw world are NCDS The good news is that many of these diseases are controllable and preventable.
Women face unique problems in combating and preventing NCDs. Unfortunately women all over are still as second class citizens and this puts them at a high risk for NCDs
CVD is the world’s number one killer and the number one killer of women worldwide. CVD causes 9.1 million deaths among women annually.␣In 2008, CVD killed 1.2 million women aged between 20 and 59 years, the most productive years of life, and caused ill-health and suffering to many millions more.␣Developing countries are more affected. Of the women who will die from coronary heart disease, 80 per cent of the deaths will occur in low and middle income countries.
Women are vulnerable to COPD because of the exposures they face in their home. Among non-smoking women indoor household air pollutions (mostly from cookstoves) is the leading cause of NCDs in women . Unbelievably, household air pollution is the greatest risk factors for NCDs in non-smoking women newscenter.berkeley.eduzahana.org
Breast Cancer is the most common cancer among women access to affordable and early treatment is essentially to saving lives. Even though it is the most preventable type of cancer, lung cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death for women
There are clear disparitites between high and low income countries. For example most cervical cancer deaths are in low income countries. These are healtcare systems where screening and prevention methods are not available
mental health is a worldwide problem especially for young females. For girls and young women suicide is in the top 10 causes of death for High, middle and low income countriesThere are many contributing factors to these high rates and all of them are unique challenges females face
WHO estimates that 80% of all cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes and 40% of all cases of cancer could be preventedhealthy diet, physical activity (and, through these first two, the avoidance of obesity), and the avoidance of tobacco smoking and alcoholThere are certain obstacles to these activities for women here are some of the challenges and how we can begin to solve themdipity.com sempliok.deviantart.com weightlossplansforteenagegirls.com
Physical ActivitySome of the reasons many girls and women in the world do not engage in physical activity is because it is not socially acceptable for them to be outdoors playing. For others there is no safe space.PA programs need to consider the specific challenges girls and women face in being physically activenowpublic.commid-day.com
WHO estimates that the proportion of female smokers will rise from 12% in 2010 to 20% by 2025.The most effective way to prevent NCDs is not smoking tobacco. While the smoking rate for men is starting to slowing decline the smoking rate for women is growing.Tobacco companies are specifically targeting women as a new market. They liken cigarettes to popular perfume, portray cigarettes as feminist power. Enforcing tobacco advertising restrictions Tony Cenicola/The New York Timeseuro-cig.comgarth-storyofmylife.blogspot.comseniorwomen.com
One way to help prevent NCD mobidity and mortality is for women to be equally members of society. This will give women the opportunity for education, income and input into the health care services they need.blogs.longwood.edubanderasnews.comtampabay.com
By incorporating NCD prevention and treatment into existing reproductive and maternal health programs women can begin to receive the immediate care they deserve from the providers that understand their needs the most.popline.orgcpc.unc.edu soupforthesoulsummit.org