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The document provides an overview of developments in British theatre from the 1940s to present day. It discusses the rise of social realism in the 1940s-1950s influenced by Samuel Beckett and Bertolt Brecht. The 1960s-1970s saw "shock tactics" and the growth of alternative theatre. The 1980s-1990s explored the impact of Margaret Thatcher's government. Significant playwrights mentioned include Harold Pinter, Caryl Churchill, Tom Stoppard, Alan Bennett, and Willy Russell. The summary also highlights theatre in Scotland, for women, and from ethnic minority groups.
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- 1. An A-Z OfBritish Culture Theatre
- 2. Poetry New Arrivals • PhilipLarkin, The Less Deceived (1955), The Whitsun Weddings (1964), All What Jazz (1970) • Robert Conquest (ed.), New Lines (1956) • Foundation of ‘the Movement’ (Wain, Amis, Larkin) ‘Pop Poetry’ • The Mersey Poets: Roger McGough, Adrian Henri, Brian Patten; The Mersey Sound (1967) • John Cooper-Clarke Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 3. Hughes and Heaney TedHughes (1930-1998) • The Hawk in the Rain (1957) • 1984: Appointed as Poet Laureate • Rain Charm for the Duchy (1992) • Birthday Letters (1995) Seamus Heaney (b. 1939) • Death of a Naturalist (1966); Door into the Dark (1969); Wintering Out (1972); North (1975); Fieldwork (1979); The Redress of Poetry (1990); Seeing Things (1991) • Awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1995 Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 4. New Developments Benjamin Zephaniah •Pen Rhythm (1980), The Dread Affair (1985), Inna Liverpool (1998), Propaganda (1996), Too Black, Too Strong (2001) Linton Kwesi Johnson • Inglan is a Bitch (1980), Bass Culture (1980), Making History (1984) David Dabydeen • Slave Song (1984), Coolie Odyssey (1988) Other figures: Tom Paulin, Paul Durcan, Paul Muldoon, Derek Malion (N. Ireland) Andrew Motion, Tony Harrison, Geoffrey Hill, James Fenton
- 5. Theatre Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 6. • ‘The Troubles’ British Theatre • Scottish Theatre • Introduction • Women’s Theatre • Institutions • Ethnic Theatre • Historical Influences • Significant Figures • Harold Pinter • 1940s and 1950s • Caryl Churchill • Social Realism • Tom Stoppard • Major Influences • Comedy • Samuel Becket • Beyond the Fringe • Bertolt Brecht • Alan Bennet • 1960s and 1970s • Alan Ayckbourn • ‘Shock Tactics’ • Willy Russell • ‘Alternative’ Theatre • ‘Alternative’ Comedy • Ethnic Theatre • Pantomime • 1980s and 1990s • Musicals • Theatre and Thatcherism • The Future of Theatre Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 7. Institutions Glasgow Citizens’ Theatre Bristol Old Vic Liverpool Playhouse Sheffield Crucible Theatre Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 8. The West End TheatreRoyal Haymarket National Theatre Barbican, Stratford Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 10. Historical Influences Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) The Importance of Being Earnest (1895) W. S. Gilbert (1836-1911) and A. Sullivan (1842-1900) HMS Pinafore (1878), The Mikado (1885) Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) Hedda Gabler (1890) George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) Man and Superman (1903), Pygmalion (1913) Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 11. 1940s and 1950s:Social Realism • John Osborne, Look Back in Anger, 1956 • Brendan Behan, The Quare Fellow, 1956 • Shelagh Delaney, A Taste of Honey, 1958 • John Arden, Serjeant Musgrave’s Dance, 1959 • Arnold Wesker, The Kitchen, 1959 Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 12. Samuel Beckett (1906-1989) • Waiting for Godot, 1955 • Endgame, 1958 • Krapp’s Last Tape, 1958 • Happy Days, 1961 • Not I, 1973 • Winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature, 1969 • Major influence on Pinter, Ionesco, Genet Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 13. Bertolt Brecht (1895-1956) •Mother Courage and Her Children, 1939/1941 • The Good Person of Sezuan, 1940 • The Caucasian Chalk Circle, 1945 Works influenced by Brecht:- • Brendan Behan, The Hostage, 1958 • Robert Bolt, A Man for All Seasons, 1960 • Joan Littlewood, Oh What a Lovely War! 1963 Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 14. 1960s and 1970s:‘Shock Tactics’ • Ann Jellicoe, The Knack, 1962 • Edward Bond, Saved, 1965 • Joe Orton, Loot, 1966; What the Butler Saw, 1969 • Peter Shaffer, Equus, 1973 • David Hare, Slag, 1970; Fanshen, 1975; Licking Hitler, 1978 • Howard Brenton, Magnificence, 1973; Romans in Britain, 1980 • David Edgar, The Jail Diary of Albie Sachs, 1978
- 15. ‘Alternative’ Theatre • HullTruck, Red Ladder, Café La Mama • Founding of Women’s Theatre Group, 1974: My Mother Says I Never Should • Red Ladder, Strike While the Iron is Hot, 1974 • Founding of Monstrous Regiment, 1975 • Pam Gems, Dusa, Fish, Stas and Vi, 1976; Piaf, 1978 • Founding of Gay Sweatshop, 1975 – Robert Patrick, One Person, The Haunted Host; Alan Wakeman, Ships; Roger Baker and Drew Griffiths, Mister X • Laurence Collinson, Thinking Straight, 1976 • Jill Posener, Any Woman Can, 1976 • Michelene Wandor, Care and Control, 1977 • Martin Sherman, Bent, 1978
- 16. Ethnic Theatre • AtholFugard, Sizwe Bansi is Dead, 1972; The Island, 1974 • Michael Abbensetts, Sweet Talk, 1973; Alterations, 1978 • For Television: The Museum Attendant, 1973; Inner City Blues, 1975; Crime and Passion, 1976; Black Christmas, 1977; Empire Road, 1978-9 • For Radio: Home Again, 1975; The Sunny Side of the Street, 1977; Brothers of the Sword, 1978 Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 17. 1980s and 90s:Theatre and Thatcherism • David Hare, Plenty, 1978; A Map of the World, 1983; Secret Rapture, 1988; Racing Demon, 1990; Murmuring Judges, 1991; Absence of War, 1993 • Howard Barker, Victory, 1983 • David Hare and Howard Brenton, Pravda, 1985 • David Edgar, Maydays, 1983 • Howard Brenton, The Genius, 1983 • Louise Page, Falkland Sound, 1983 • Howard Brenton and Tariq Ali, Iranian Nights, 1989 Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 18. ‘The Troubles’ Brian Friel • Freedom of the City, 1973 • Translations, 1980 • Making History, 1988 • Dancing at Lughnasa, 1990 Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 19. Scottish Theatre • JohnMcGrath, Blood Red Roses, 1986 (TV); There is a Happy Land, 1987; Border Warfare, 1989; John Brown’s Body, 1990 • Liz Lochhead, Blood and Ice, 1982; Mary Queen of Sots Got Her Head Chopped Off, 1987; Jock Tamson’s Bairns, 1990 • Bill Bryden, The Ship, 1990 • 1990: Glasgow European City of Culture Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 20. Women’s Theatre • SarahDaniels, Ripen Our Darkness, 1981; Masterpieces, 1984; The Madness of Esme and Shaz, 1994 • Timberlake Wertenbaker, New Anatomies, 1981; The Grace of Mary Traverse, 1985; Our Country’s Good, 1988; The Love of the Nightingale, 1989 • Pam Gems, Camille, 1984; Stanley, Marlene, 1996 • Deborah Levy, Pax, 1985; Heresies: Eva and Moses, 1986; The B-File, 1992; Shiny Nylon, 1994 • Clare McIntyre, I’ve Been Waiting, 1986 • Sarah Kane, Blasted, 1995; Cleansed, 1998 Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 21. Ethnic Theatre • HanifKureishi, Outskirts, Borderline, 1981; Birds of Passage, 1983; Sleep with Me, 1999 • Farrukh Dhondy, The Bride, Romance, Romance, 1985 • Derek Walcott, Beef, No Chicken, 1985; The Odyssey, 1993 • Killian Gideon, England is de Place for Me, 1985 • Caryl Philipps, Strange Fruit, 1981; Where There Is Darkness, 1982; The Shelter, 1984; The Wasted Years, 1985 • Winsome Pinnock, A Hero‘s Welcome, 1989; Rock in Water, 1989, Mules, 1996 • Trish Cooke, Back Street Mammy, 1991; Running Dream, 1992 Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 22. Major Figures: HaroldPinter (b. 1930) • The Birthday Party, 1958 • The Homecoming, 1965 • Old Times, 1971 • No Man’s Land, 1975 • Mountain Language, 1988 • New Word Order, 1991 Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 23. Caryl Churchill (b.1938) • Vinegar Tom, Light Shining in Buckinghamshire, 1978 • Cloud Nine, 1979 • Top Girls, 1982 • Serious Money, 1987 • Mad Forest, 1990 • The Striker, 1994 • A Number, 2002 Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 24. Tom Stoppard • Rosenkranzand Guildenstern Are Dead, 1967 • The Real Inspector Hound, 1968 • Jumpers, 1972 • Travesties, 1974 • Dirty Linen, 1977 • Night and Day, 1978 • The Real Thing, 1982 • Squaring the Circle, Professional Foul, 1984 • Arcadia, 1993 • Indian Ink, 1995 Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 25. Comedy 1960: Beyond the Fringe appears at Edinburgh Festival 1961: Transfer of show to London Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 26. Alan Bennett (b.1934) • Habeus Corpus, 1973 • Enjoy, 1980 • Talking Heads, 1988 Screenplays: • An Englishman Abroad, 1983; Talking Heads, 1998; The Madness of George III, 1992 Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 27. Alan Ayckbourn (b.1939) • Relatively Speaking, 1967 • Absurd Person Singular, 1972 • Joking Apart, 1978 • It Could Be One of Us, 1983 • A Chorus of Disapproval, 1984 • Woman In Mind, 1985 • A Small Family Business, 1987 • Man of the Moment, 1988 • House and Garden, 1999 • Snake in the Grass, 2002 Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 28. Michael Frayn (b.1933) • Alphabetical Order, 1975 • Clouds, 1976 • Donkey’s Years, 1977 • Make or Break, 1980 • Noises Off, 1972 • Look Look, 1990 • Copenhagen, 1998 Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 29. Willy Russell (b.1947) • When the Reds, 1973 • John Paul George Ringo… and Bert, 1975 • Our Day Out, 1976 • Stags and Hens, 1978 • Educating Rita, 1979 • Shirley Valentine, 1986 Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 30. ‘Alternative’ Comedy • TheComedy Store (Soho) • The Comic Strip: Alexei Sayle, Rik Mayall, Robbie Coltrane, Ben Elton, Dawn French, Jennifer Saunders Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 31. Pantomime • Originated in18th century with John Weaver, dance master at Drury Lane Theatre • Use of gesture, singing, dancing, standard routines and jokes • ‘Dame’ played by man; hero played by young woman Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 32. Musicals • 1968: Hairopens in London (Galt McDermot, Gerome Ragni, James Rado) • 1968: Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat, 1968 • 1969: Oh! Calcutta! (Kenneth Tynan) • 1971: Godspell, (Steven Schwarz) • 1971: Jesus Christ Superstar (Tim Rice, Andrew Lloyd-Webber) • 1978: Evita (Rice, Lloyd-Webber) • 1982: Guys and Dolls (Richard Eyre) • 1985: Les Miserables (RSC Production) • 1989, Blood Brothers (Willy Russell) • Andrew Lloyd-Webber: Cats (1981), Starlight Express (1984); Phantom of the Opera (1986) Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture
- 33. Next Week TV andRadio Dewhurst: WS 2004/05 An A-Z of British Culture