This document discusses the importance of project organizing and management for species recovery programs in Australia. It notes that Australia has a high extinction rate for fauna despite significant funding for recovery programs. These programs have had low success rates compared to programs in other countries. The document suggests this may be due to a lack of integrating project management approaches and tools into organizing and delivering recovery interventions. Applying project management principles could help improve conservation outcomes by bringing a more holistic, managerial perspective that considers both technical and social dimensions of recovery programs.
Anticipatory Learning for Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience cenafrica
This document summarizes a research paper about anticipatory learning for climate change adaptation and resilience. It discusses two main challenges: understanding adaptation as a process, rather than just responding to impacts, and developing better tools for anticipatory learning to facilitate adaptation in the face of uncertainty. The document outlines a framework for iterative learning processes and adaptive decision making that incorporates memory, monitoring changes, scenario planning, and measuring anticipatory capacity to enhance resilience. The overall goal is to promote learning and adaptation before impacts occur, rather than just learning from shocks.
10 heuristics for modeling decision makingBarney Stacher
This document discusses ten heuristics for developing interdisciplinary simulation models through collaborative teamwork. It begins by describing the value of integrated system models for addressing complex environmental problems but notes the challenges of developing such models interdisciplinarily.
The heuristics discussed include: carefully selecting team members with big-picture thinking skills; heavily investing in early problem definition through negotiation; and using rapid prototyping rather than attempting to fully specify models upfront. The Sustainability of Arctic Communities project is used to illustrate these heuristics, such as how developing initial conceptual models aided in problem definition and team assembly.
Climate Change Adaptation through Multi-level Governance: Perspectives from C...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
Multi-level governance/hybrid governance and proliferation of actors in Environmental Governance can address the multi-scalar (spatially, socio-politically, and temporally) character of environmental problems (Lemos and Agrawal 2006; Ostrom 2010). On the other hand this proliferation or fragmentation can cause conflict among the actors and networks in terms of power balance and incentives (Siebenhüner 2003; Bulkeley 2005; McCormick 2011).
The multidimensional nature of climate change requires responses at multiple geographical and jurisdictional scales, levels of social and administrative organisation, and policy and resource sectors (Keskitalo 2010; Termeer et al. 2011). For this reason, multilevel governance – decision- and policy-making that involve multiple actors and take place across multiple jurisdictions and sectors – is critical for adaptation (Termeer et al. 2010). On the other hand multilevel governance, despite comprising a promising approach to cope with multi-scale and multi-sector issues, faces significant challenges in a climate adaptation context. One such challenge refers to the policy context in which it is implemented, which is very often complex and fragmented, and is characterised by a diversity of interacting climate and non-climate strategies (e.g., programs, plans, policies and legislation) (Termeer et al. 2011). Interaction between and among those strategies can create both synergetic and conflicting outcomes (Adger et al. 2005; Young 2006; K. Urwin and Jordan 2008).
This study will examines how climate change adaptation takes place in a complex multilevel governance system comprised by Coastal Areas of Bangladesh. It will map adaptation strategies (what are the existing adaptation policies and strategies?) and responsibilities (who has been developing/adopting such strategies?) at National, Divisional, District, Upazila (sub-disrict) and Union levels.
It will examines examples of adaptation strategies in terms of type of adaptation, its manifestation, purposefulness, drivers and triggers, and geographic and temporal scope. Interactions between strategies (how adaptation strategies relate to each other) will be investigated both at the same level of governance (horizontally) and across governance levels (vertically).
This will be the pioneer study regarding environmental governance in Bangladesh with a special focus on climate change adaptation. Moreover the insights and findings of this study can be used in other cross-cuting sctors (socio-economic) within the country.
Dr. Anna Evely. Looking at conservation projects that engage with volunteersAnnaEvely
what are conservation projects that involve volunteers?
why look at conservation projects that involve volunteers?
choosing methods when crossing disciplines: taking an integrative approach
how might participation be linked to attitudes?
how might participation be linked to social learning?
Dr. Anna Evely. Looking at conservation projects that engage with volunteersAberdeen CES
The document discusses conservation projects that involve volunteers and their importance for sustainability and resilience. It explores how participation may be linked to attitudes and social learning, and emphasizes taking an integrative approach when researching these projects by considering different methods and philosophies. Choosing the appropriate research method requires understanding one's philosophical approach.
This document outlines the scope and goals of curriculum developed by the InTeGrate project, which is funded by the NSF to increase geoscience literacy. The curriculum targets introductory geoscience courses, interdisciplinary courses, courses for non-geoscience majors, and teacher preparation courses. The materials are designed to develop literacy, emphasize the scientific process, and build interdisciplinary problem-solving skills connecting Earth science to societal issues. The curriculum aligns with literacy frameworks and addresses challenges like energy, water, natural hazards, and climate change through modules and courses.
This document outlines a lecture on environmental knowledge management. It begins by defining knowledge management as the systematic collection of activities to generate, distribute, organize, store, access, and apply knowledge. It then discusses the processes of knowledge transformation and the components of knowledge. Environmental knowledge management is introduced as combining the management of explicit and tacit environmental knowledge in an organization to control environmental impacts. The key differences between environmental knowledge management systems and environmental management information systems are explained. Environmental knowledge circulation process and its five components are also outlined. Finally, the document discusses some potential results of effectively applying environmental knowledge management, such as improvements in areas like water and energy use, pollution control, and waste management.
Anticipatory Learning for Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience cenafrica
This document summarizes a research paper about anticipatory learning for climate change adaptation and resilience. It discusses two main challenges: understanding adaptation as a process, rather than just responding to impacts, and developing better tools for anticipatory learning to facilitate adaptation in the face of uncertainty. The document outlines a framework for iterative learning processes and adaptive decision making that incorporates memory, monitoring changes, scenario planning, and measuring anticipatory capacity to enhance resilience. The overall goal is to promote learning and adaptation before impacts occur, rather than just learning from shocks.
10 heuristics for modeling decision makingBarney Stacher
This document discusses ten heuristics for developing interdisciplinary simulation models through collaborative teamwork. It begins by describing the value of integrated system models for addressing complex environmental problems but notes the challenges of developing such models interdisciplinarily.
The heuristics discussed include: carefully selecting team members with big-picture thinking skills; heavily investing in early problem definition through negotiation; and using rapid prototyping rather than attempting to fully specify models upfront. The Sustainability of Arctic Communities project is used to illustrate these heuristics, such as how developing initial conceptual models aided in problem definition and team assembly.
Climate Change Adaptation through Multi-level Governance: Perspectives from C...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
Multi-level governance/hybrid governance and proliferation of actors in Environmental Governance can address the multi-scalar (spatially, socio-politically, and temporally) character of environmental problems (Lemos and Agrawal 2006; Ostrom 2010). On the other hand this proliferation or fragmentation can cause conflict among the actors and networks in terms of power balance and incentives (Siebenhüner 2003; Bulkeley 2005; McCormick 2011).
The multidimensional nature of climate change requires responses at multiple geographical and jurisdictional scales, levels of social and administrative organisation, and policy and resource sectors (Keskitalo 2010; Termeer et al. 2011). For this reason, multilevel governance – decision- and policy-making that involve multiple actors and take place across multiple jurisdictions and sectors – is critical for adaptation (Termeer et al. 2010). On the other hand multilevel governance, despite comprising a promising approach to cope with multi-scale and multi-sector issues, faces significant challenges in a climate adaptation context. One such challenge refers to the policy context in which it is implemented, which is very often complex and fragmented, and is characterised by a diversity of interacting climate and non-climate strategies (e.g., programs, plans, policies and legislation) (Termeer et al. 2011). Interaction between and among those strategies can create both synergetic and conflicting outcomes (Adger et al. 2005; Young 2006; K. Urwin and Jordan 2008).
This study will examines how climate change adaptation takes place in a complex multilevel governance system comprised by Coastal Areas of Bangladesh. It will map adaptation strategies (what are the existing adaptation policies and strategies?) and responsibilities (who has been developing/adopting such strategies?) at National, Divisional, District, Upazila (sub-disrict) and Union levels.
It will examines examples of adaptation strategies in terms of type of adaptation, its manifestation, purposefulness, drivers and triggers, and geographic and temporal scope. Interactions between strategies (how adaptation strategies relate to each other) will be investigated both at the same level of governance (horizontally) and across governance levels (vertically).
This will be the pioneer study regarding environmental governance in Bangladesh with a special focus on climate change adaptation. Moreover the insights and findings of this study can be used in other cross-cuting sctors (socio-economic) within the country.
Dr. Anna Evely. Looking at conservation projects that engage with volunteersAnnaEvely
what are conservation projects that involve volunteers?
why look at conservation projects that involve volunteers?
choosing methods when crossing disciplines: taking an integrative approach
how might participation be linked to attitudes?
how might participation be linked to social learning?
Dr. Anna Evely. Looking at conservation projects that engage with volunteersAberdeen CES
The document discusses conservation projects that involve volunteers and their importance for sustainability and resilience. It explores how participation may be linked to attitudes and social learning, and emphasizes taking an integrative approach when researching these projects by considering different methods and philosophies. Choosing the appropriate research method requires understanding one's philosophical approach.
This document outlines the scope and goals of curriculum developed by the InTeGrate project, which is funded by the NSF to increase geoscience literacy. The curriculum targets introductory geoscience courses, interdisciplinary courses, courses for non-geoscience majors, and teacher preparation courses. The materials are designed to develop literacy, emphasize the scientific process, and build interdisciplinary problem-solving skills connecting Earth science to societal issues. The curriculum aligns with literacy frameworks and addresses challenges like energy, water, natural hazards, and climate change through modules and courses.
This document outlines a lecture on environmental knowledge management. It begins by defining knowledge management as the systematic collection of activities to generate, distribute, organize, store, access, and apply knowledge. It then discusses the processes of knowledge transformation and the components of knowledge. Environmental knowledge management is introduced as combining the management of explicit and tacit environmental knowledge in an organization to control environmental impacts. The key differences between environmental knowledge management systems and environmental management information systems are explained. Environmental knowledge circulation process and its five components are also outlined. Finally, the document discusses some potential results of effectively applying environmental knowledge management, such as improvements in areas like water and energy use, pollution control, and waste management.
Taha Mutie Taha provides a summary of his work experience and qualifications. He has over 15 years of experience in production engineering, management, and technical support roles in industries such as HVAC, woodworking, food production, and retail. His experience includes supervising production operations and workers, ensuring quality standards, and achieving production targets. He holds a B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering and has attended multiple training courses to expand his skills.
Este documento apresenta um resumo de um projeto escolar sobre propriedades coligativas realizado por três alunas sob a orientação do professor Paulo Celso. O projeto abordou conceitos como aquecimento da água sem fervura, diagrama de fases da água, pressão de vapor de um líquido e temperatura de ebulição de um líquido.
El documento define seis términos relacionados con las artes: performance, video arte, instalación, body art, flashmob. Cada definición incluye una imagen o enlace y describe la naturaleza de cada forma artística. La performance involucra actuación y factores de improvisación. El video arte explora aplicaciones artísticas de medios electrónicos. La instalación crea experiencias en ambientes específicos usando cualquier medio. El body art usa el cuerpo como lienzo. Un flashmob es una acción pública breve y espontánea conv
Mr. A. Sairam is seeking a career opportunity in a leading corporate environment where he can utilize his 13+ years of experience in instrumentation. He has a diploma in instrumentation technology and has worked on various projects in India and Saudi Arabia as an instrumentation engineer and supervisor. His responsibilities have included installation, calibration, pre-commissioning, operation and maintenance of instrumentation. He is currently working as an instrumentation supervisor for Samsung Engineering Ltd. in their LUBEREF project in Saudi Arabia.
Scholarly impact refers to the influence of research on scientific discovery and society. It is measured using scholarly metrics, which are used to evaluate research impact, determine promotions and tenure, and assess the competitiveness of institutions and journals. Traditional metrics are usually based on publications and citations, while altmetrics capture newer interactions like downloads, views, and social media mentions. It can be difficult to measure the impact of books due to factors like slower citation rates, diverse formats, and faster obsolescence compared to articles. A variety of metrics capture different aspects of books' impacts.
El documento describe los diferentes biomas de la Tierra. Los biomas son grandes áreas geográficas que comparten flora, fauna y condiciones climáticas. El clima es el factor más importante que determina la distribución de los biomas y depende principalmente de la latitud y la humedad. Dentro de cada bioma existen características flora y fauna adaptadas a ese clima en particular.
O documento descreve a bandeira olímpica, que contém cinco arcos de cores diferentes representando cada um dos cinco continentes, e também apresenta os nomes escolhidos para os mascotes das Olimpíadas e Paralimpíadas do Rio 2016 - Vinícius e Tom, em homenagem aos músicos e compositores Vinicius de Moraes e Tom Jobim.
Accounting errors can occur unintentionally when recording transactions or preparing financial statements. There are two types of accounting errors: errors not affecting the trial balance, and errors affecting the trial balance. Errors not affecting the trial balance include errors of commission, principle, original entry, omission, and compensating errors. Errors affecting the trial balance result in an unbalanced trial balance, requiring the use of a suspense account to balance. Correcting entries must be made to clear the suspense account and properly reflect transactions in individual accounts. Corrections may also require adjustments to the income statement and balance sheet to accurately report profit and account balances.
La falta de higiene personal puede causar varias enfermedades como el pie de atleta, infecciones vaginales, gingivitis, gripe, resfriados, pediculosis y diarrea. Estas enfermedades se manifiestan a través de síntomas como enrojecimiento, picazón, sensación de quemazón, grietas, fiebre, mucosidad, tos, dolor de cabeza y malestar general.
This document provides guidance on how to create and deliver an effective presentation. It discusses defining the purpose and understanding the audience. Key steps include formulating a strategy tailored to the specific audience, developing a clear structure, and being prepared to answer questions. Effective presentations are well organized, gain audience interest, and have a clear introduction, conclusion, and calls to action. Proper delivery techniques include maintaining eye contact, using gestures, speaking clearly, and involving the audience. Visual aids should supplement the presentation.
This document summarizes cGMP requirements for equipment, process, and product validations in plasma fractionation. It discusses that equipment must undergo a strict validation process with accurate documentation. The process is validated from plasma donation through fractionation and manufacturing. Product validation monitors every unit throughout collection and manufacturing to ensure quality. Validations and calibrations must follow basic rules to prevent contamination and allow traceability. Documentation is critical and there is no room for shortcuts to ensure patient safety.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart fue un compositor y pianista austriaco del período Clásico, considerado uno de los músicos más influyentes de la historia. Compuso obras maestras en todos los géneros musicales de su época, incluyendo sinfonías, conciertos, música de cámara y óperas. Desde muy joven mostró un talento prodigioso para la música y componía obras que eran apreciadas por la nobleza europea.
Assignment Of Measurable Costs And Benefits To Wildlife Conservation ProjectsApril Smith
This document discusses methods for assigning monetary values to the costs and benefits of wildlife conservation projects in order to evaluate them economically. It outlines different types of project costs, such as acquisition, management, transaction, damage, and opportunity costs. It also discusses challenges in valuing conservation benefits, as wildlife often lacks market values. Common evaluation methods include cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and regional economic modeling to estimate secondary economic impacts. The document aims to provide a framework for linking primary project costs and benefits to secondary economic effects to engage broader audiences in conservation.
This document summarizes biodiversity research in the Philippines from 1998-2003. It discusses research conducted at different levels of biological organization, from genes to ecosystems. While research at the gene level is lacking, studies have been done on species, communities/populations, and ecosystems. Most research focused on surveys, sustainable uses of biodiversity, and conservation/management. Very few projects looked at evolution, genetics, and taxonomy, despite a need for more studies in these areas. Overall, more projects had conservation goals than development goals, though both are important for sustainability. The review aims to categorize over 130 research projects based on the level of biodiversity studied and whether the goal was conservation or development.
How can we make stormwater education more effective?Neil Dufty
Education has been viewed by many organisations as an important non-structural stormwater management tool with considerable investment made to support it.
Stormwater education activities have included media campaigns, signage, stormwater drain stenciling and industry training courses. They aim to change the behaviour of sectors of the community whose activities are thought to impact on stormwater quality (and quantity) and the health of waterways.
Yet, have these stormwater education programs been effective in changing behaviour and achieve water quality improvements? According to research, the answer is ‘in some cases’. However, there is certainly a formula for effective stormwater education - this is developed in this paper.
Paper - A review of progress in the integration of disaster risk reduction in...Neil Dufty
This Input Paper was developed for the HFA Thematic Review and as an input to the Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 (GAR15). It aims to review progress in the integration of DRR into Australian school curricula programs and support materials since 2005.
Collaborating across institutional andjurisdictional boundar.docxpickersgillkayne
This document summarizes a case study of a knowledge management intervention within Australia's primary industries research, development and extension system. Specifically, it examines the visits of two experts from the US eXtension initiative to help explore how an eXtension-style model could be adapted for Australia. Key themes discussed included cross-institutional and cross-jurisdictional collaboration, communities of interest and practice, and using online networks and technology to enhance knowledge sharing and access to expertise across organizational boundaries. Feedback indicated interest in the eXtension model, but also noted key differences in how research is funded and carried out in the Australian context versus the US system. Adapting eXtension would require addressing these differences and integrating nationally-oriented
This document is a thesis submitted by Cássia Ayres for a Master's degree in Social Responsibility and Sustainability. The thesis examines how sustainability leadership drives strategic sustainability within Brazilian organisations. It includes a literature review on strategic sustainability and sustainability leadership. It also outlines the methodology used, which involves case studies of four large Brazilian companies (Duratex, Votorantim, AES Brasil, and Tetra Pak). The findings from the case studies are then analyzed to understand how sustainability leadership influences strategic sustainability practices within these organisations. The implications and recommendations based on this analysis are also discussed.
This toolkit is designed to support climate change practitioners in the Pacific islands region to integrate gender into their programmes and projects. It is aimed at climate change professionals working in national governments, non-governmental organisations, regional and international organisations who are involved in managing and implementing climate change programmes.
While many of us are aware that gender does matter for sustainable development and climate change adaptation and mitigation, we may not know clearly how it matters, and what tools are available that can help to assess how it matters. Knowing is also not enough: we must apply this knowledge in a practical way when we design and implement activities, and ensure that we are capturing useful and important information through our monitoring and evaluation frameworks.
This toolkit provides advice at a practical level, to address these needs. The principles and practices proposed in this toolkit are based on many decades of experience in the integration of a gender perspective in sustainable development, natural resources management and disaster preparedness. The toolkit is divided into three parts. This introductory module explains why gender is a critical consideration in climate change programmes, projects and strategies, and clarifies some common misconceptions. Module 2 focuses on the links between gender and climate change in specific sectors (e.g. food security, water and energy); and uses sector-relevant case studies to explain how to take gender into consideration.
It also includes a module on disaster risk reduction recognising that these interventions should be factored into all climate change adaptation programmes and projects. These sector chapters can also be used as stand-alone documents for practitioners to guide their analysis in a specific sector. Module 3 is the ‘how-to’ section and will take you through the different phases of a typical climate change programme/project cycle, identifying potential entry-points for integrating gender in each phase and also includes a generic gender checklist that may be applied to programmes and projects. This toolkit will not make you a gender expert! However, it provides guidance along with links to other resources that can help strengthen your knowledge about gender and climate change.
Paper looks at whether education or engagement will help build community disaster resilience. It shows that both are required and should be interrelated to help communities learn to build disaster resilience. The paper also promotes social media as an emerging mechanism for disaster education and engagement activities.
Taha Mutie Taha provides a summary of his work experience and qualifications. He has over 15 years of experience in production engineering, management, and technical support roles in industries such as HVAC, woodworking, food production, and retail. His experience includes supervising production operations and workers, ensuring quality standards, and achieving production targets. He holds a B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering and has attended multiple training courses to expand his skills.
Este documento apresenta um resumo de um projeto escolar sobre propriedades coligativas realizado por três alunas sob a orientação do professor Paulo Celso. O projeto abordou conceitos como aquecimento da água sem fervura, diagrama de fases da água, pressão de vapor de um líquido e temperatura de ebulição de um líquido.
El documento define seis términos relacionados con las artes: performance, video arte, instalación, body art, flashmob. Cada definición incluye una imagen o enlace y describe la naturaleza de cada forma artística. La performance involucra actuación y factores de improvisación. El video arte explora aplicaciones artísticas de medios electrónicos. La instalación crea experiencias en ambientes específicos usando cualquier medio. El body art usa el cuerpo como lienzo. Un flashmob es una acción pública breve y espontánea conv
Mr. A. Sairam is seeking a career opportunity in a leading corporate environment where he can utilize his 13+ years of experience in instrumentation. He has a diploma in instrumentation technology and has worked on various projects in India and Saudi Arabia as an instrumentation engineer and supervisor. His responsibilities have included installation, calibration, pre-commissioning, operation and maintenance of instrumentation. He is currently working as an instrumentation supervisor for Samsung Engineering Ltd. in their LUBEREF project in Saudi Arabia.
Scholarly impact refers to the influence of research on scientific discovery and society. It is measured using scholarly metrics, which are used to evaluate research impact, determine promotions and tenure, and assess the competitiveness of institutions and journals. Traditional metrics are usually based on publications and citations, while altmetrics capture newer interactions like downloads, views, and social media mentions. It can be difficult to measure the impact of books due to factors like slower citation rates, diverse formats, and faster obsolescence compared to articles. A variety of metrics capture different aspects of books' impacts.
El documento describe los diferentes biomas de la Tierra. Los biomas son grandes áreas geográficas que comparten flora, fauna y condiciones climáticas. El clima es el factor más importante que determina la distribución de los biomas y depende principalmente de la latitud y la humedad. Dentro de cada bioma existen características flora y fauna adaptadas a ese clima en particular.
O documento descreve a bandeira olímpica, que contém cinco arcos de cores diferentes representando cada um dos cinco continentes, e também apresenta os nomes escolhidos para os mascotes das Olimpíadas e Paralimpíadas do Rio 2016 - Vinícius e Tom, em homenagem aos músicos e compositores Vinicius de Moraes e Tom Jobim.
Accounting errors can occur unintentionally when recording transactions or preparing financial statements. There are two types of accounting errors: errors not affecting the trial balance, and errors affecting the trial balance. Errors not affecting the trial balance include errors of commission, principle, original entry, omission, and compensating errors. Errors affecting the trial balance result in an unbalanced trial balance, requiring the use of a suspense account to balance. Correcting entries must be made to clear the suspense account and properly reflect transactions in individual accounts. Corrections may also require adjustments to the income statement and balance sheet to accurately report profit and account balances.
La falta de higiene personal puede causar varias enfermedades como el pie de atleta, infecciones vaginales, gingivitis, gripe, resfriados, pediculosis y diarrea. Estas enfermedades se manifiestan a través de síntomas como enrojecimiento, picazón, sensación de quemazón, grietas, fiebre, mucosidad, tos, dolor de cabeza y malestar general.
This document provides guidance on how to create and deliver an effective presentation. It discusses defining the purpose and understanding the audience. Key steps include formulating a strategy tailored to the specific audience, developing a clear structure, and being prepared to answer questions. Effective presentations are well organized, gain audience interest, and have a clear introduction, conclusion, and calls to action. Proper delivery techniques include maintaining eye contact, using gestures, speaking clearly, and involving the audience. Visual aids should supplement the presentation.
This document summarizes cGMP requirements for equipment, process, and product validations in plasma fractionation. It discusses that equipment must undergo a strict validation process with accurate documentation. The process is validated from plasma donation through fractionation and manufacturing. Product validation monitors every unit throughout collection and manufacturing to ensure quality. Validations and calibrations must follow basic rules to prevent contamination and allow traceability. Documentation is critical and there is no room for shortcuts to ensure patient safety.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart fue un compositor y pianista austriaco del período Clásico, considerado uno de los músicos más influyentes de la historia. Compuso obras maestras en todos los géneros musicales de su época, incluyendo sinfonías, conciertos, música de cámara y óperas. Desde muy joven mostró un talento prodigioso para la música y componía obras que eran apreciadas por la nobleza europea.
Assignment Of Measurable Costs And Benefits To Wildlife Conservation ProjectsApril Smith
This document discusses methods for assigning monetary values to the costs and benefits of wildlife conservation projects in order to evaluate them economically. It outlines different types of project costs, such as acquisition, management, transaction, damage, and opportunity costs. It also discusses challenges in valuing conservation benefits, as wildlife often lacks market values. Common evaluation methods include cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and regional economic modeling to estimate secondary economic impacts. The document aims to provide a framework for linking primary project costs and benefits to secondary economic effects to engage broader audiences in conservation.
This document summarizes biodiversity research in the Philippines from 1998-2003. It discusses research conducted at different levels of biological organization, from genes to ecosystems. While research at the gene level is lacking, studies have been done on species, communities/populations, and ecosystems. Most research focused on surveys, sustainable uses of biodiversity, and conservation/management. Very few projects looked at evolution, genetics, and taxonomy, despite a need for more studies in these areas. Overall, more projects had conservation goals than development goals, though both are important for sustainability. The review aims to categorize over 130 research projects based on the level of biodiversity studied and whether the goal was conservation or development.
How can we make stormwater education more effective?Neil Dufty
Education has been viewed by many organisations as an important non-structural stormwater management tool with considerable investment made to support it.
Stormwater education activities have included media campaigns, signage, stormwater drain stenciling and industry training courses. They aim to change the behaviour of sectors of the community whose activities are thought to impact on stormwater quality (and quantity) and the health of waterways.
Yet, have these stormwater education programs been effective in changing behaviour and achieve water quality improvements? According to research, the answer is ‘in some cases’. However, there is certainly a formula for effective stormwater education - this is developed in this paper.
Paper - A review of progress in the integration of disaster risk reduction in...Neil Dufty
This Input Paper was developed for the HFA Thematic Review and as an input to the Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 (GAR15). It aims to review progress in the integration of DRR into Australian school curricula programs and support materials since 2005.
Collaborating across institutional andjurisdictional boundar.docxpickersgillkayne
This document summarizes a case study of a knowledge management intervention within Australia's primary industries research, development and extension system. Specifically, it examines the visits of two experts from the US eXtension initiative to help explore how an eXtension-style model could be adapted for Australia. Key themes discussed included cross-institutional and cross-jurisdictional collaboration, communities of interest and practice, and using online networks and technology to enhance knowledge sharing and access to expertise across organizational boundaries. Feedback indicated interest in the eXtension model, but also noted key differences in how research is funded and carried out in the Australian context versus the US system. Adapting eXtension would require addressing these differences and integrating nationally-oriented
This document is a thesis submitted by Cássia Ayres for a Master's degree in Social Responsibility and Sustainability. The thesis examines how sustainability leadership drives strategic sustainability within Brazilian organisations. It includes a literature review on strategic sustainability and sustainability leadership. It also outlines the methodology used, which involves case studies of four large Brazilian companies (Duratex, Votorantim, AES Brasil, and Tetra Pak). The findings from the case studies are then analyzed to understand how sustainability leadership influences strategic sustainability practices within these organisations. The implications and recommendations based on this analysis are also discussed.
This toolkit is designed to support climate change practitioners in the Pacific islands region to integrate gender into their programmes and projects. It is aimed at climate change professionals working in national governments, non-governmental organisations, regional and international organisations who are involved in managing and implementing climate change programmes.
While many of us are aware that gender does matter for sustainable development and climate change adaptation and mitigation, we may not know clearly how it matters, and what tools are available that can help to assess how it matters. Knowing is also not enough: we must apply this knowledge in a practical way when we design and implement activities, and ensure that we are capturing useful and important information through our monitoring and evaluation frameworks.
This toolkit provides advice at a practical level, to address these needs. The principles and practices proposed in this toolkit are based on many decades of experience in the integration of a gender perspective in sustainable development, natural resources management and disaster preparedness. The toolkit is divided into three parts. This introductory module explains why gender is a critical consideration in climate change programmes, projects and strategies, and clarifies some common misconceptions. Module 2 focuses on the links between gender and climate change in specific sectors (e.g. food security, water and energy); and uses sector-relevant case studies to explain how to take gender into consideration.
It also includes a module on disaster risk reduction recognising that these interventions should be factored into all climate change adaptation programmes and projects. These sector chapters can also be used as stand-alone documents for practitioners to guide their analysis in a specific sector. Module 3 is the ‘how-to’ section and will take you through the different phases of a typical climate change programme/project cycle, identifying potential entry-points for integrating gender in each phase and also includes a generic gender checklist that may be applied to programmes and projects. This toolkit will not make you a gender expert! However, it provides guidance along with links to other resources that can help strengthen your knowledge about gender and climate change.
Paper looks at whether education or engagement will help build community disaster resilience. It shows that both are required and should be interrelated to help communities learn to build disaster resilience. The paper also promotes social media as an emerging mechanism for disaster education and engagement activities.
1. The document summarizes discussions from a UK consultation workshop on integrating climate change considerations into disaster risk management.
2. Participants shared challenges and examples from their work in areas like developing early warning systems, incorporating local knowledge, addressing multi-hazards, and advocating for policy and funding support.
3. Key challenges identified were the need for more accurate local climate data and forecasts, addressing variations in climate impacts, strengthening communication across governance levels, and engaging civil society in development planning.
What Lessons for Sustainability of Maternal Health Interventions Can Be Drawn...David Roger Walugembe
This document discusses lessons for sustainability that can be drawn from the Uganda Rural Water and
Sanitation (RUWASA) project, which was implemented from 1991-2001 in eastern Uganda. The key findings
are:
1. Latrine coverage and access to safe water increased substantially in the districts of Pallisa and Kamuli even
after the RUWASA project ended, showing its sustained impact.
2. Factors that contributed to the project's sustainability included community involvement in planning and
maintenance, community contributions towards infrastructure, and training local mechanics to conduct repairs.
3. Close involvement of communities helped build trust and secure ongoing financial and labor contributions,
fostering a sense of ownership over the water sources and
This document summarizes a thesis that evaluated the Sustainable Prisons Project (SPP), which brings science and sustainability education to prisons. The thesis used interviews and surveys of offenders and staff from 4 Washington state prisons to examine if SPP programs shared characteristics with effective rehabilitation programs and the significance of science/sustainability education. Results from 25 offender and 12 staff interviews suggested SPP projects foster environmental stewardship and influence emotional health. This may improve offender quality of life and contribute to rehabilitation outcomes by reducing recidivism. The thesis provides context on SPP, effective rehabilitation programs, and how programs using plants/animals have promise for rehabilitation.
The role of education in changing behaviour for sustainabilityNeil Dufty
Behaviour is what people do. People perform a host of environmentally appropriate and inappropriate behaviours every day.
Governments around the world have made numerous legal agreements that commit their countries to take responsibility for a suite of actions to change and move society towards sustainability. Such progress to sustainability depends on the behaviour of people in all walks of life, requiring changes in their way of thinking, living and working.
These background notes provide a theoretical framework for developing education programs that lead to behaviour change for sustainability.
Cognitive Apprenticeship Appropriate Surgical Education for Countries with Li...Crimsonpublisherssmoaj
Cognitive Apprenticeship Appropriate Surgical Education for Countries with Limited Resources by Lowell L Lewis and Nicholas A Kerna* in Crimson Publishers: Surgery Open Access Journal
The role of surgical education in the prevention and management of surgical disorders remains an important topic for study. In the absence of sufficient resources, developing countries struggle to meet the growing demands for adequate surgical services. People living in remote and underdeveloped areas, lacking modern medical facilities, are at significant risk for increased morbidity and mortality. To ameliorate this dilemma requires the identification and implementation of educational programs and curricula that provide training and experience that can be provided in remote communities. Governments of countries with limited resources must identify, retain, and develop methods of surgical practice and education that will result in adequate care to surgical patients, particularly those living in remote communities who do not have access to current standards of care. The primary objective of this paper is to document and share educational and management activities that may have a constructive impact on lessening the global burden of diseases and conditions requiring surgery; also, in promoting a surgical care approach that is affordable and can be applied in various ways to obtain favorable results in countries with limited resources.
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Paper: What is disaster resilience education?Neil Dufty
Paper Presented at the
Australian and New Zealand Disaster and Emergency Management Conference
Surfers Paradise, Gold Coast (QLD), 5-7 May 2014
Community disaster education, communication and engagement (ECE) is an integral component of emergency management in Australia and around the world. Its main goal is to promote public safety and, to a lesser extent, reduce damages. However, many governments around the world, including Australia, aim to also build community disaster resilience, with learning viewed as a critical mechanism. There is therefore a need to examine current community disaster ECE practices with a view to aligning them to the broader goal of disaster resilience. To attempt this, an exploratory research methodology was utilised to examine possible education content and processes that could be used by emergency agencies and other organisations to design plans, programs and activities that build disaster resilience in local communities.
The research found that disaster resilience ECE content should not only cover preparedness and response aspects, but also learning about speedy and effective recovery for people, organisations (e.g. businesses) and communities. It found that disaster resilience ECE should also involve learning about the community itself, including how to reduce vulnerabilities and connect communities through social capital formation.
As a result of the research, opportunities for disaster resilience ECE were identified in the main learning domains: behavioural, cognitive, affective and social. The findings demonstrated that many current disaster ECE programs are only using limited parts of this learning ‘spectrum’, although this would be significantly increased by further embracing social media as a disaster resilience learning medium. The research also identified a framework to design disaster resilience ECE programs that can be used for any community. The framework includes guiding principles, ‘palettes’ from which to choose appropriate learning content and processes, and a series of ‘filters’ to tailor the programs to specific disaster-impacted communities.
A Maturity Model For Integrating Sustainability In Projects And Project Manag...Arlene Smith
This document presents a maturity model for integrating sustainability into projects and project management. The model assesses the level of consideration given to sustainability in terms of resources, processes, business models, and products/services. The model is based on the key concepts of sustainability - integrating economic, environmental and social aspects; integrating short and long-term aspects; and consuming income rather than capital. By using this model, organizations can benchmark their maturity in sustainable practices and monitor their progress over time in translating abstract sustainability concepts into concrete actions.
An Assessment Tool To Integrate Sustainability Principles Into The Global Sup...Felicia Clark
This document proposes an assessment framework that a leading company can use to integrate sustainability principles into its global supply chain. It conducted a literature review on sustainability assessment at the corporate level. The framework is based on best practices and aims to overcome limitations of current tools. It incorporates initiatives like the Organizational Environmental Footprint and is consistent with concepts like the circular economy and Sustainable Development Goals. The goal is to engage companies in practically and comprehensively assessing their corporate sustainability performance and sustainability in supply chains.
A Study On Protection And Accountability In Haiti Following The Earthquake In...Audrey Britton
This document provides background context on Haiti prior to the 2010 earthquake. It discusses Haiti's history of socio-economic, environmental and political crises that have contributed to its poor development outcomes. Prior to 2010, Haiti ranked near the bottom on poverty and human development indices. The earthquake exacerbated existing vulnerabilities, displacing over 1 million people. International humanitarian organizations responded massively but additional disasters like cholera outbreaks and hurricanes slowed recovery. The document examines the status of vulnerable groups post-earthquake like children, women, the disabled and elderly. It also outlines the response by Disasters Emergency Committee members and discusses ongoing protection concerns in camps for displaced people.
11.elijido ten 0036www.iiste.org call-for_paper-60.revisedAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study on the preferred strategies chosen by various stakeholder representatives to influence management regarding environmental disclosures in Malaysia. The study uses a framework that categorizes influence strategies and resource relationships. Qualitative interviews were conducted with stakeholder groups using a hypothetical scenario about a bank's environmental initiative. The findings indicate the framework is useful for understanding each group's strategies. However, the strategies' effectiveness depends on how significant each group sees the initiative and how it may affect their stake in the firm. The study contributes new insights on stakeholder demands for disclosure from an ex ante perspective.
This document summarizes research on resource management in organizations. It discusses efficient and effective deployment of resources when needed, including financial, inventory, human, and technology resources. It also discusses economic approaches to managing natural resources, including using tools like taxes, quotas, and property rights. Finally, it examines approaches to managing common pool resources, noting that local management can be effective if external interference is limited and stakeholders collaborate through co-management.
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Insights into the importance of project organising in
preventing species extinction in Australian
Madelon Willemsen
School of Project Management, UTS, Sydney, Australia
madelon.willemsen@gmail.com
Dr Julien Pollack
School of Project Management, UTS, Sydney, Australia
julien.pollack@uts.edu.au
Dr Chivonne Algeo
Information Technology, Monash University, Caulfield East, Australia.
chivonne.algeo@monash.edu
2. 12 Project Organising
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ABSTRACT
Effective and efficient management of recovery programs is important, especially in Australia due to
an extraordinary high rate of fauna extinction. There is a lack of integration of project management
tools and processes for the organisation and the delivery of recovery interventions in Australia. This
paper discusses where the Australian recovery programs show deficits in the important aspects of
project organising and management. The paper also presents how Australian recovery interventions
can realise more effective and efficient conservation outcomes by improved project organisation
through the application and integration of project management approaches.
Keywords: Benefits management, project ecosystems, managing sustainability in and by
projects, value generation
INTRODUCTION
There are many reasons for biodiversity conservation. Conservation is important in securing
bio-resources (such as timber and pharmaceutical drugs) and ecosystem services, the essential
biological functions that are provided free of charge by living organisms, such as bees pollinating
crops and natural filtering of water (World Resources Institute 2005). Humans also derive pleasure
from the natural world and conservation can be considered an ethically justified requirement, as no
one species has the right to drive others to extinction (Campagna & Fernández 2007).
On account of these ethical and economic imperatives, it is paramount that all conservation
efforts are organised as effectively and efficiently as possible. One of the authors, during her
professional career in conservation over the last 15 years, found that conservation efforts in Australia
appear to be lacking a consistent approach to project organisation, or sufficient project planning and
integration to enable effective and efficient management of conservation projects.
This paper focuses on a specific type of conservation effort, threatened species recovery
(hereafter referred to as recovery). Recovery efforts, often referred to as ‘programs’, concentrate on
improving the sustainability and security of a threatened species, or group of species, so that it is no
longer threatened and can be downlisted to a lower threat category, or removed from the formal and
published threatened species lists (EPBC 2015; IUCN 2015). Recovery is a legislative requirement in
countries such as the USA and Australia. Recovery plans are written for a variety of species and, in
Australia, the recovery planning process is legislated under the EBPC Act 1999 in Australia.
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Government agencies play a key role in the organisation of interventions for recovery programs.
However conservation organisations, such as the Australian Wildlife Conservancy, private
organisations and zoos, are also involved.
A recent survey from WildTeam (2015) identified that project management capabilities are
important for conservationists, but shows that two thirds of conservationists are under-performing in
conservation programs due to a skills gap in project management capabilities and the lack of project
management training in this field. In the context of this paper, that would explain why project
organising and project management may not be integrated very well in recovery program
management. The current challenges of recovery in Australia are discussed, with examples to
illustrate how an integrated project management approach can provide benefits for recovery
management of threatened species.
Issues with recovery programs
Australia is one of the seven countries with the highest threatened species count in the world
(Waldron et al. 2013). It is clear that despite the efforts of conservationists and the input of
considerable funds, Australian wildlife recovery programs are not achieving conservation outcomes
effectively, as Australian species extinction is still on the rise (Flannery 2012; McCarthy, et al. 2008;
Woinarski & Fisher 2014).
Taking Australian birds as an example, the annual expenditure of AUD$59K for each of 127
threatened birds (a total of AUD$7.4M), resulted in the downlisting of only 1% of Australian
threatened bird species from 1993 to 2000 (Garnett et al. 2003). This is in sharp contrast with the
USA where 25 species were successfully down-listed with an average cost of US$219K per species
(totalling US$5.5M) from 1998-2008 (McCarthy et al. 2012). The Australian Federal Government
State of the Environment report of 2011 (DSEWPaC 2011) stated that between 2002-2007 52.3% of
Australian threatened species were in decline and that there was no real improvement in the status of
any of the listed species on a national level. Additionally, Bottril et al. (2011) showed that in Australia
4. 12 Project Organising
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most of the downlisting of threatened species occurs when species’ survey efforts are increased and
more specimens are found, not actually because of active recovery work.
Reasons for the low success rate of recovery programs have been published and discussed on
a national and global level. The problem of low success rates is not new, as early in 1994, Backhouse
et al. (1994) argued that a review of efforts is crucial for the success of future recovery programs.
More recent research identifies issues around cost effectiveness, the need for improved prioritisation
methods, as well the requirement for better systems for reporting, monitoring and evaluation
processes, and improved and streamlined legislation, and stakeholder engagement (Lindenmayer et al.
2013; Frankham et al. 2012). Furthermore, the lack of decision-making and timely action to save a
species has also been blamed (Martin et al. 2012). Other issues are based in the ambiguity of what
successful recovery means, and non-existent or unclear indicators to evaluate and determine species’
recovery (Watson et al. 2011).
What are the conservationists doing?
This paper posits that the lack of integration of project management into current recovery
programs is a root cause of their ineffectiveness. A conservationist is trained to investigate recovery
challenges from a deductive research space, investigating hypotheses with data in an experimental set
up. Whitty (2013) suggests we gain understanding of ‘things’ experienced through the ‘glasses’ we
wear. The way we perceive reality, know and act, is built from the concepts and judgements from our
experiences, and cultural and institutional directed education (Jamal and Everett 2004). Through the
glasses of a conservationist, the recovery project is focussed on the biological and technical
challenges of saving the species, as they are specialists in conservation biology (Clark & Cragun
2002). From that perspective, understanding the intrinsic technical dimension of a recovery program,
such as threatening processes and genetics for species, are necessary to recover a species.
Conservation scientists typically have oversight of recovery programs, and it is from the perspective
of conservation science that the recovery programs are organised and managed.
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However, the activity of recovery programs is quite different to scientific enquiry.
Fundamentally, the initiating force for recovery programs are human values (Gregory et al. 2012). In
addition, the management actions taken in attempting to improve the status of a species are human
activities. Conservation science does not typically account for the management of conservation teams
or the delivery of conservation outcomes. There is a growing understanding amongst conservationists
that this social dimension is intrinsic to recovery programs. This is evident in publications, stating that
effective stakeholder management, policy influence, and leadership have been identified as important
aspects for the success of recovery programs (Clark et al. 2002; Young et al. 2013; Black et al. 2011).
However, this growing notion alone does not necessarily prepare conservation managers (and often
scientists) to include this perspective in the recovery program organisation. Their assumptions of how
to organise recovery projects are embedded in a scientific, not a managerial, perspective. Integrating
the often unquantifiable social dimension into the management of the recovery programs does not fit
with the perspective in which they have been educated and gained experience. Researchers and
conservation managers may not be aware that they wear these ‘glasses’ and how it influences their
perspectives to organise these projects (Jamal and Everett 2004).
The use project management in recovery programs
There is recognition that recovery programs can be considered as a group of complex and
dynamic projects (Margoluis et al. 2009; Saterson et al. 2004; Wallace & Clark 2002). The proven
success of applying a project management approach in different industries (Collyer et al. 2010)
suggests this approach would deliver similar results in recovery programs. Other authors have also
identified the suitability of project management to conservation management. For example, Margoluis
et al. (2009) discuss how ‘formal’ project management principles can be used for planning and
evaluation of conservation projects. However, currently project management practises are not
integrated widely into the temporal and spatial dimension of conservationists’ management of
recovery programs (Pooley et al 2014). We argue, through the application of an inductive research
approach, that conservation outcomes would benefit if conservationists added a project management
filter to their conservation science ‘glasses’.
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Research methodology
This research investigates the challenges of recovery program management in Australia using
an inductive approach that enables the inclusion of the social dimension commonly lacking in
conservation scientists’ approach to recovery programs. Grounded Theory Method (GTM), a well-
established social science research method (Glaser & Strauss 1967; Urquhart 2013), was used to
analyse data, including individual experiences and statements, to inductively develop concepts and
theories. A key feature of this method is that through the constant comparison of the developing codes
and categories, relationships within the data start emerging and the emergence of substantive concepts
occurs. These substantive concepts are grounded in the data and are therefore deemed valid as
induced concepts. The final step of the method is to construct a theory or theoretical framework that
encompasses these concepts.
Two different data sources were used for the GTM analysis: documentary evidence from four
senate enquiries (Parliament of Australia 2013a; Parliament of Australia 2013b; Parliament of
Australia 2013c; Parliament of Australia 2013d) and interviews. Interviews were conducted with 21
recovery experts including managers, practitioners, and government officials working on recovery
programs in Australia. A snowballing technique was used for the interviews to identify the
participants, and also to ensure a rich data source for the interviews. The interviews focused on what
the interviewees believed were the biggest problems in recovery management. Interviews were taped
and transcribed for analysis. As a requirement of the GTM, data collection and analysis occurred
simultaneously, finishing the collection as soon as data saturation of categories and codes occurred
(Glaser & Strauss 1967). The GTM analysis was conducted using QSR NVivo10 software to assist in
the first round of coding and organising the codes and categories. During the last phase of the
theoretical coding, emergent themes occurred through the constant comparison technique assisted by
stick-on notes and Coggle.it mind maps.
Discussion of results
7. 12 Project Organising
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Seven concepts emerged from the data as the major challenges of recovery program management
in Australia, and these are as follows:
1. General management principles are not well integrated in recovery program management;
2. Decision making, accountability and areas of responsibilities are not well defined or developed
in recovery management;
3. It is unclear what ‘value’ (i.e. success of the program) means in recovery;
4. The technical and biological aspects of recovery are complex and relationships/cause and effect
are not well understood;
5. There is a divide between management and science in recovery;
6. Government has shifted its responsibility and accountability for recovery; and,
7. Funding for recovery is limited.
It is of interest to point out that although these concepts are founded in conservation scientists’
experiences as expressed in the interviews, there is only one reference to challenges surrounding the
technical and biological aspects of recovery programs. These findings suggest that the interviewees
were able to look outside their conservation scientists’ perspective of recovery programs to determine
the space ‘between’ saving a species from extinction through effective management and a recovery
program fraught with the above described challenges. However, there is a difference between the
ability to identify an issue and the ability to resolve that issue. A review of these seven challenges
through ‘glasses’ with a project management filter, suggests opportunities for the improvement of the
organisation of recovery program efforts, and some examples are provided below.
Applying project management to recovery programs
Currently recovery programs and their related efforts are mostly referred to as ‘recovery
planning’. ‘Recovery planning’ in a conservationists’ parlance refers to the whole process of
implementing conservation actions and assessing their effect (Barmuta et al. 2011). From a project
management perspective, planning the recovery effort would be only one of the necessary process
groups. Framing the entire recovery effort as a project life cycle would help to ensure that when
8. 12 Project Organising
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conservationists speak to the ‘outside’ world it is understood that a whole program is being
implemented from initiation to phase out/closing.
When looking at recovery programs, using project management glasses focused on the project
life cycle (Figure 1), opportunities for resolutions for the seven challenges can be identified. The
following section describes possible responses to these issues on a phase by phase basis.
Insert Figure 1 about here
Project Life Cycle: Initiation
A recovery program is often initiated by people who will not manage the project (Knight et al.
2006; Holmes 2014). Ideally during the initiation phase of a project, a recovery project team should
be engaged to initiate the recovery ‘planning’ process. A recovery team is vital for the implementation
of recovery actions (Bottrill et al. 2011), and the execution of recovery plans (Holmes 2014). The time
at which the recovery project team is engaged and becomes involved in the recovery program is also
important. An effective team can only manage a successful project if members of the team are
actively involved in the development of the project plan (Sampietro & Villa 2014). In addition,
effective leadership is important for a project team to achieve goals, and this has also been highlighted
as an important component for recovery programs (Black et al. 2011; Manolis et al. 2009).
Project Life Cycle: Project planning
Typically, developing a recovery plan is a lengthy process. Usually it is done by experts in the
particular threatened species, and does not include a realistic budget, stakeholder buy-in, achievable
objectives, and criteria for the assessment of successful recovery are often not clearly defined (Bottril
et al. 2011; Murdoch et al. 2007). Recovery planning should involve ‘normal’ project management
practises and approaches commonly used for developing a project plan, such as: determining the
definition of success of the project; objectives and measurements; stakeholder management; and the
budget for the full project. Often funding is only provided for the planning phase of a project, and
does not include the cost of monitoring/evaluation and closing a project (Lindenmayer et al. 2013).
9. 12 Project Organising
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Having a realistic budget for recovery provides opportunities for prioritisation of actions or species, as
well as a realistic cost for recovery of a species (McDonald-Madden et al. 2008; Halpern et al. 2006).
Project Life Cycle: Project execution
The project team and stakeholders should implement the actions in accordance to the project
management plan. Monitoring and evaluation during the execution phase generates the opportunity
for accountability and responsibility in the management of the recovery programs. It enables the
project team to manage adaptively, as well as to measure success (Flannery 2012, McCarthy et al.
2012). This would allow the recovery project team to demonstrate their effectiveness in species
recovery and increase the opportunity for funding through other private enterprises (Halpern et al.
2005).
Project Life Cycle: Closing a project
Currently there is no mechanism for stopping recovery efforts, even if long-running efforts
have not resulted in down-listing a species. To date no Australian recovery program has been ‘closed’
because of successful, or unsuccessful, recovery of a species. Monitoring and evaluation during
execution, as well as a clear identification of key performance indicators and their associated
measurements, can provide a ‘pull out’ opportunity where funds can be re-allocated to other species in
need, and provide the opportunity for lessons learned (Carwardine et al. 2008).
Insert Table 1 about here
CONCLUSION
This paper reports on the analysis of the challenges that conservationists experience in the
delivery of Australian threatened species recovery programs. Twenty one interviews were analysed
using the Grounded Theory Method which led to seven concepts that outline the challenges impairing
10. 12 Project Organising
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the success of recovery programs in Australia. Responses to these concepts were then analysed in
terms of a project management life cycle.
Conservationists organise and manage recovery programs through their disciplinairy
framework based on their technical knowledge, and a scientific paradigm of hypothetico-deductive
reductionist experimentation. However, this perspective does not account for the managerial acpects
necessary for effective species recovery. This research explores several opportunities of how a project
life cycle approach could assist in the organising and the management of recovery programs. It is
suggested that if conservationists apply a project management filter to their ‘glasses’, and consistently
use project management approaches in recovery program, opportunities will arise to resolve these
challenges and improve recovery program outcomes. This in turn will lead to securing bio-resources
and ecosystem services, and meet ethical conservation requirements.
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Figure 1: an example of a project life cycle for recovery project management adapted from
the PMBOK® (PMI 2013, p.42)
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Table 1: Summary of the current recovery challenges and how these could be resolved by
integrating a project life cycle and project management approach
Project Life
Cycle Phase
Example of Current Challenge Opportunity for resolving challenges
by applying PM approach
Project
Initiation
- Project managers are not involved
during the initiation of the program,
causing disconnect for project
implementation
- Engage project team with a wide
range of expertise during initiation
phase
Project
Planning
- Experts develop recovery plan:
- Unrealistic budget,
- Focus on technical aspect of recovery
program
- No measures for success
- Planning phase does not identify
funding for the full project life cycle
- Budget for the whole project life
cycle
- Include project team for
development of project plan
- Include measures of success
Project
Execution
- Actions not implemented in
accordance to plan (either because
unrealistic or no buy-in)
- Lack of measurements to assess
effectiveness and efficiency
- Evaluate project performance
through monitoring and evaluation
of the established measures of
success
- Generating accountability and
responsibility
Project Closing - No opportunity to phase out
unsuccessful projects
- No means for lessons learned
- Generating opportunity for lessons
learned
- Possibility to relocate funds when
species not recovered as per
measures of success