Bushfires have been blazing in Australia since September, and they’ve intensified this week to “apocalyptic” levels, as more than 15.6 million acres have burned so far.
The fires have killed at least 25 people and destroyed 2,000 homes. Experts also estimate that over 1 billion animals have died since the fires began in September.
If you’re having trouble visualizing the scope of these fires, here’s a comparison using a map of the US. Officials say that the fires may burn for months.
Wildfires can occur anytime, anywhere, and are frequently brought on by human action or a natural occurrence like lightning. It is unknown how 50% of the wildfires dataset that has been reported got started.
Bushfires have been blazing in Australia since September, and they’ve intensified this week to “apocalyptic” levels, as more than 15.6 million acres have burned so far.
The fires have killed at least 25 people and destroyed 2,000 homes. Experts also estimate that over 1 billion animals have died since the fires began in September.
If you’re having trouble visualizing the scope of these fires, here’s a comparison using a map of the US. Officials say that the fires may burn for months.
Wildfires can occur anytime, anywhere, and are frequently brought on by human action or a natural occurrence like lightning. It is unknown how 50% of the wildfires dataset that has been reported got started.
MULTI HAZARD AND DISASTER VULNERABILITY OF IN DIAKartik Mondal
In relation to hazards and disasters, vulnerability is a concept that links the relationship that people have with their environment to social forces and institutions and the cultural values that sustain and contest them. It's also the extent to which changes could harm a system or to which a community can be affected by the impact of a hazard. A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural calamity affects humans and/or the built environment. Human vulnerability, and often a lack of appropriate emergency management, leads to financial, environmental, or human impact. The resulting loss depends on the capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster: their resilience. This understanding is concentrated in the formulation: "disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability".
Over the last decade, the frequencies of bushfires have become more prevalent. According to a research published in Royal Society Open Science, there had been an increase of 40% in bushfire frequency during the summer, which is believed to indicate an alarming shift in the climate.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
The document summarizes three natural disasters: the 2018 Kerala floods in India, the 2019-2020 Australian bushfires, and the 2020 Taal Volcano eruption in the Philippines. The Kerala floods were caused by heavy rainfall and resulted in over 480 deaths. The Australian bushfires started in late 2019 and burned over 18 million hectares, killing 34 people directly and over 400 from smoke inhalation. The Taal Volcano erupted in January 2020 in the Philippines, forcing over 200,000 people to evacuate and raising health concerns from volcanic ash.
Examines the claims that climate change is very serious, and checks the available records to determine whether the main blame is increased carbon dioxide or heat emissions. Climate records show no trends to extremes, and loss of Arctic ice may be counteracted by increased growth of northern forests.
Concise Oxford Dictionary defines Resilience as recoiling; springing back; resuming its original shape after bending, stretching, compression etc. With five components of crop production - space, water, energy, light, nutrients- limiting, there are biotic and abiotic stresses on crops to perform at thresh hold inputs yielding optimum output. Droughts and floods, extreme cold and heat waves, forest fires, landslides and mudslips, icestorms, duststorms, hailstorms, thunder clouds associated with lightening and sea level rise are throwing new challenges to farmers and farming. This dangerously narrow level of food base prompts to widen the base of grains, vegetables, fruits, spices, industrial crops, mushrooms and aromatic plants. The emphasis was so far on terrestrial plants, forest plants and lesser on aquatic and lower plants. The aquatic plants- fresh water, brackish water, marine- were not much explored for edible use except by Chinese, Japanese and S.E. Asian nations. Halophytes, ferns and sea weeds are so far climate resilient. The Indo-Burmese Centre of origin (Hindustan centre including North East) is abode of several plants of possible vegetable, fruit and spice values. Eighty thousand plants are reported to be of possible use, about 30,000 plants are found edible in nature and approximately 7,000 plants are cultivated by mankind at one time or another, of which 158 plants are grown by man at some point of time. Among these, 30 crops provide world’s food and only 10 crops supply 75% of the world’s food budget. Out of these only three crops-rice, wheat, maize provide 60% of the world’s food requirement.This dangerously narrow level of food base prompts to widen the base of grains, vegetables, fruits, spices, industrial crops medicinal plants, mushrooms, plantation crops, pulses, fibre crops, oil seeds and aromatic plants.The emphasis so far was more on terrestrial plants, forest plants and lesser on lower plants like lichens, micro algae, fungi and bryophytes. The aquatic plants-fresh, brackish, marine water were not much explored for edible use except by Chinese and Japanese.The food base of people in South East Asia is partly on cacti (dragon fruit), micro-algae (azola) and several leaf vegetables unlike in India.Halophytes, bryophytes, ferns and sea weeds are so far climate resilient and require lesser fresh water and energy. The Indo-Burmese Centre of origin (Hindustan centre including North East) is abode of several plants of possible vegetable, fruit, industrial, energy and spicy value. The projected climate resilient crops are edible chasmophytes, brahmakamal, tropical tuber crops, herbs like broad dhaniya (Burmese coriander) and black caraway, kale, ornamental gingers, speciality mushrooms and leafy vegetables of Mizoram unexploited and underutilized in the main land.
MULTI HAZARD AND DISASTER VULNERABILITY OF IN DIAKartik Mondal
In relation to hazards and disasters, vulnerability is a concept that links the relationship that people have with their environment to social forces and institutions and the cultural values that sustain and contest them. It's also the extent to which changes could harm a system or to which a community can be affected by the impact of a hazard. A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural calamity affects humans and/or the built environment. Human vulnerability, and often a lack of appropriate emergency management, leads to financial, environmental, or human impact. The resulting loss depends on the capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster: their resilience. This understanding is concentrated in the formulation: "disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability".
Over the last decade, the frequencies of bushfires have become more prevalent. According to a research published in Royal Society Open Science, there had been an increase of 40% in bushfire frequency during the summer, which is believed to indicate an alarming shift in the climate.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
The document summarizes three natural disasters: the 2018 Kerala floods in India, the 2019-2020 Australian bushfires, and the 2020 Taal Volcano eruption in the Philippines. The Kerala floods were caused by heavy rainfall and resulted in over 480 deaths. The Australian bushfires started in late 2019 and burned over 18 million hectares, killing 34 people directly and over 400 from smoke inhalation. The Taal Volcano erupted in January 2020 in the Philippines, forcing over 200,000 people to evacuate and raising health concerns from volcanic ash.
Examines the claims that climate change is very serious, and checks the available records to determine whether the main blame is increased carbon dioxide or heat emissions. Climate records show no trends to extremes, and loss of Arctic ice may be counteracted by increased growth of northern forests.
Concise Oxford Dictionary defines Resilience as recoiling; springing back; resuming its original shape after bending, stretching, compression etc. With five components of crop production - space, water, energy, light, nutrients- limiting, there are biotic and abiotic stresses on crops to perform at thresh hold inputs yielding optimum output. Droughts and floods, extreme cold and heat waves, forest fires, landslides and mudslips, icestorms, duststorms, hailstorms, thunder clouds associated with lightening and sea level rise are throwing new challenges to farmers and farming. This dangerously narrow level of food base prompts to widen the base of grains, vegetables, fruits, spices, industrial crops, mushrooms and aromatic plants. The emphasis was so far on terrestrial plants, forest plants and lesser on aquatic and lower plants. The aquatic plants- fresh water, brackish water, marine- were not much explored for edible use except by Chinese, Japanese and S.E. Asian nations. Halophytes, ferns and sea weeds are so far climate resilient. The Indo-Burmese Centre of origin (Hindustan centre including North East) is abode of several plants of possible vegetable, fruit and spice values. Eighty thousand plants are reported to be of possible use, about 30,000 plants are found edible in nature and approximately 7,000 plants are cultivated by mankind at one time or another, of which 158 plants are grown by man at some point of time. Among these, 30 crops provide world’s food and only 10 crops supply 75% of the world’s food budget. Out of these only three crops-rice, wheat, maize provide 60% of the world’s food requirement.This dangerously narrow level of food base prompts to widen the base of grains, vegetables, fruits, spices, industrial crops medicinal plants, mushrooms, plantation crops, pulses, fibre crops, oil seeds and aromatic plants.The emphasis so far was more on terrestrial plants, forest plants and lesser on lower plants like lichens, micro algae, fungi and bryophytes. The aquatic plants-fresh, brackish, marine water were not much explored for edible use except by Chinese and Japanese.The food base of people in South East Asia is partly on cacti (dragon fruit), micro-algae (azola) and several leaf vegetables unlike in India.Halophytes, bryophytes, ferns and sea weeds are so far climate resilient and require lesser fresh water and energy. The Indo-Burmese Centre of origin (Hindustan centre including North East) is abode of several plants of possible vegetable, fruit, industrial, energy and spicy value. The projected climate resilient crops are edible chasmophytes, brahmakamal, tropical tuber crops, herbs like broad dhaniya (Burmese coriander) and black caraway, kale, ornamental gingers, speciality mushrooms and leafy vegetables of Mizoram unexploited and underutilized in the main land.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
2. INTRODUCTION
The 2019–20 Australian bushfire season(Black Summer), was a
period of BUSHFIRE IN MANY PARTS IN AUSTRALIA, which,
due to its unusual intensity, size, duration, and uncontrollable
dimension, is considered a MEGAFIRE.
Rainfall from January to August 2019 had been very much below
average or the driest on record,
maximum temperatures were very much warmer than average. On 6
September, strong west to north-westerly winds produced extreme to
catastrophic bushfire conditions.
3. The Impact of 2019 Australian Bushfire
Recent reports say that about half a billion animals stand affected by
the fires, including birds, reptiles, insects, and mammals. Ecologists
say that numerous beings are likely to become extinct.
The fire has wiped out huge numbers of region-specific species that
live in more niche environments having lower populations.
Australian bushfire as a case study has revealed that the wildfire is far
deadlier than the California bushfire, which garnered impressive
global media coverage earlier in 2019. The so-called ‘mega-fire’ has
reached an emergency level.
4. Specifically, weather-related factors that contribute
to an increased risk of bushfire danger include:
High temperatures.
Low humidity.
Little recent rain.
Abundant dry vegetation.
Strong winds.
Thunderstorms.
5. CLIMATE CHANGES
Rise of carbon dioxide levels
Extreme heat and higher temperatures
Stronger winds
Dry area with extreme drought leading up to the fires
6. How much property damage did Australian fires cause
AccuWeather estimates the total damage and economic loss caused by
the Australia wildfires from September 2019 and into 2020 will
be $110 billion, according to Myers,
based on an analysis incorporating independent methods to evaluate
all direct and indirect impacts of the fires based on a variety of
sources.
7. Weather effects
Smoke components block sunlight
Other organic material can cause cooling effect
Smoke travelled up to 19 miles in the sky
Travels across oceans and other countries
Australia was getting warmer and their throughout 2019
Some of the hottest temperatures on record
Will continue to rise
8. AREAS AND ANIMALS AFFECTED
18 millions hectares burned including
new south wales
Victoria
south Australia:kangaroo island
DECREASE IN ANIMAL POPULATIONS
143 million mammals
180 million birds
51 million frogs
2.46 billion reptiles
9. HEALATH AND SAFETY
445 people died;around 4,000 hospitalized
5,900 buildings destroyed;2,800 homes destroyed
Decrease in air quality
Air pollution and smoke
Harmful chemical and irritants
Cause asthma, bronchitis,eye,irritation,death
10. ECONOMIC EFFECTS
infrastructure damage
roads,fences,and powerlines
Businesse forced to close
Excessive smog
Agriculture land damage
Live stock killed
Droughtflooding
Climate change
11. What can be done to mitigate the impacts of
bushfires
Reduce your grassfire and bushfire risk
regularly mowing the grass and raking up leaves.
removing weeds and pruning bushes and trees.
keeping garden beds moist through mulching or other non-flammable
ground covers like pebbles.
regularly clearing leaves from gutters, roofs, downpipes and around
the base of trees.
• https://www.whittlesea.vic.gov.au/health-safety/staying-safe/fire-get-
ready/reduce-your-grassfire-and-bushfire-risk/
12. References
• Dickman, C. More than one billion animals killed in Australian
bushfires
https://www.sydney.edu.au/news-
opinion/news/2020/01/08/australian-bushfires-more-than-one-
billion-animals-impacted.html
13. THANK YOU
MALAPATI THARUN KUMAR M.TECH
(MARINE ENGINEER AND MECHANICAL HANDLING IN ANDHRA UNIVERSITY)
