Water is essential for all life on Earth. The human body is made up of 45-60% water and water is needed for critical functions like regulating body temperature and transporting nutrients. While the oceans hold the vast majority of Earth's water, less than 1% of water is available as freshwater in rivers, lakes, and groundwater. Given water's unique properties as a solvent and its role in biological and industrial processes, access to clean water is necessary for drinking, sanitation, agriculture, and electricity generation.