Why is sound so hard in church?
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Seminar delivered by Pat Smith of SLF Group at the 2014 Worship Conversation put on by Big Church Day Out. Check out Musicademy and SFL's new DVD release Sound Tech and PA Training for Churches http://www.musicademy.com/2014/06/new-dvds-sound-tech-pa-training-churches/ Sign up here for over 40 free lessons from Musicademy http://bit.ly/12S4iPP
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Why is sound so hard in church?
- 1. Why is Sound So Difficult in Church?
- 3. How does sound behave in an indoor space?
- 7. 𝑇 = 0.161 × 𝑉 (𝑆 × 𝛼) Reverberation Time (s) Area of Surface (m2) Absorption Coefficient Room Volume (m3)
- 8. Reverberation times: • Outdoors – 0s • Lecture theatre – 1s • Birmingham Symphony Hall – 2.4s • St Paul’s Cathedral – 13s!!! Source: http://www.acoustics.salford.ac.uk/
- 14. What are our goals for a sound system?
- 15. • Volume • Clarity • Aesthetic
- 16. Volume (Level)
- 17. Surface area of the segment is proportional to the square of the radius r 2r A 4A
- 19. 2m16m 18dB level variation 4m16m 12dB level variation
- 20. 5-10° max
- 22. Clarity
- 26. Driver The hyperbolic- exponential horn throat section The first conical-radial bell section defines the coverage angle The second conical-radial bell section controls mid-range beaming
- 28. Loudspeakers Woofers and Tweeters • Low frequency response is dictated by the size of the driver and the enclosure it is in • Big speakers go low • High frequency response is limited by the size of the driver (beaming) • 12” driver beams at around 1kHz • 15” driver beams at around 500Hz • Low mass speakers are required for tweeters
- 29. Loudspeakers Divide & Conquer • Do not ask questions of a speaker that it cannot answer • Physical excursion • Coil temperature • Size & real world sources • In contemporary music, full range systems carry half the energy below 100Hz • Bi-amping
- 30. Loudspeakers Integrated Systems Approach • Top quality brands such as d&b audiotechnik, L-Acoustics etc. • System includes digital amplifier & loudspeakers • Using amplifier preset – amplifier knows the performance of the loudspeaker and compensates for it
- 35. Investing in a new sound system
- 36. • How much money? • Where to spend the money? • Tender or not to tender? • Three systems story
Editor's Notes
- Discuss human element Let’s get some basic ideas in place: Level – dB SPL Frequency
- Reverberation
- Image is public domain (copyright expired) from the Wikimedia Commons library
- Volume: how much is enough? Too little vs. too much Clarity: intelligibility, listener comfort Aesthetic: art – musical feel
- Acoustic treatment Focussed loudspeakers Delays
- Copy of graphic Mark stole from somewhere – can we use this? Might have to rewrite the text.