What process causes plant ion-uptake to acidify soil What soil pH r.pdf

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What postulates that the state and activity of a particular region of chromatin depends upon the specific modifications, or combinations of modifications, to the histone tails in that region? It suggests that the pattern of modifications adorning the tails of the core histones contains encoded information governing the properties of the nucleosomes containing them. the DaVinci code the chemiosmotic hypothesis the histone code the genetic code Solution Answer is the histone code. Modifications to the histone proteins which bind to the dna, make the fragment of dna accessible to various enzymes..

What process causes plant ion-uptake to acidify soil? What soil pH range generally promotes the
greatest availability of cations?
Solution
The process that causes plant ion-uptake to acidify soil is known as soil acidification. It is a
process by which the soil pH decreases over time without producing any visible signs. Slow soil
acidification occurs under natural conditions over thousands of years, with high rainfall areas
most affected, whereas, rapid acidification occurs over a few years under intensive agricultural
practices. Soil acidification affects the surface and the subsoil simultaneously. However, areas
that remain unaffected by industrial pollution, there soil acidification is mainly caused by the
release of protons (H+) during the oxidation of carbon (C), sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N)
compounds in soils. During nitrogen cycling, the major processes leading to acidification
consists of the cation imbalance over anion during uptake in the rhizosphere of plants, during
nitrification from fixation or from the fertilizers, and during the removal of plant and animal
products by leaching. The uptake of excess cations over anions by plants results in the
acidification of the rhizosphere which is a “localized” effect and can be balanced by the release
of hydroxyl (OH-) ions during subsequent plant decomposition.
Soils are considered acidic below a pH of 5, and alkaline above a pH of 7.5 and very alkaline
above a pH of 8. It has been observed that the “ideal” soil pH is close to neutral, which fall
within a range from a slightly acidic pH of 6.5 to slightly alkaline pH of 7.5. It has been
determined that most plant nutrients are optimally available to plants within this range helpful for
plant root growth. However, Nitrogen (N), Potassium (K), and Sulfur (S) are major plant
nutrients that enhance plant growth and development. Most of the plant nutrients (cations) tend
to be less available when soil pH is above 7.5, and are optimally available at a slightly acidic pH
in the range of 6.5 to 6.8.

SOIL AND ITS UTILIZATION IN AGRICULTURE THEME 4.0: SOIL AND ITS UTILIZATION IN AGRICULTURE Soil fertility: is the capacity/ability of the soil to supply the plant nutrients required by the crop plants in available and balanced forms. Or it is the capacity of soil to produce crops of economic value to man and maintain the health of the soil for future use. The soil is said to be fertile when it contains all the required nutrients in the right proportion for luxuriant plant growth. Plants like animals and human beings require food for growth and development. This food is composed of certain chemical elements often referred to as plant nutrients or plant food elements. These nutrients are obtained from soil through roots. Plants need 16 elements for their growth and completion of life cycle. In addition to these, 4 more elements viz. sodium, vanadium, cobalt and silicon are absorbed by some plants for special purposes. Classification and source of nutrients:

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How Internal (Plant) and External (Environmental) Factors Influence Nutrient Supply to the Plant Root by Mass flow The plant loses water through transpiration. That's why there creates a vacuum in the plant. Then the plant absorbs water from the soil. This phenomenon is known as mass flow. It also takes the nutritional substances dissolved in the water at that time. As there happens a plant-environment interaction, there are a wide range of plant and environmental factors which can influence the nutrient supply to the roots of the plant Internal Factors or Plant Factors Species and Variety Water absorption by mass flow depends on the species and variety of the plants. Such as Eucalyptus absorbs much water than others. High yielding varieties uptake much water. In this way, it influences the nutrient uptake. Leaf Surface and Age of leafs Leaf Surface and leafage affect transpiration. Broader and younger leaves mean more transpiration. And transpiration is directly related to mass flow. More transpiration means more mass flow and more nutrient uptake. Influx to the Apoplasm For effective use of the nutrients, they need to reach the stele for transportation to the entire plant body. Endodermis creates a barrier to reach the nutrient through apoplasm. Plant Development Stage Transpiration and water uptakes depend on the age of the plant. So Nutrient uptake is affected. Metabolic Activity Ion accumulation depends on the expenditure of energy through metabolic activity like respiration. Thus ion uptake can be affected by metabolic activity. Such as, with lowering the oxygen tension, the uptake of potassium and phosphate is decreased. External or Environmental Factors Air Humidity As the humidity of air decreased, the plan losses more water through transpiration. On the other hand, mass flow increased. After all the nutrient uptake is affected. Concentration of the Solution If the available water is highly concentrated with the nutrient then the plant will get more nutrients. So, applying fertilizer can increase nutrient uptake. Effects of pH Nutrient uptake is largely affected by the pH of certain soil. pH influences the cations and anions of the solution. P, Zn, Fe are less available in alkali soil. Again Al3+ and Mn2+ inhibits the plant growth in the acid soil. Temperature Due to high temperature the rate of transpiration increases. Thus water starts absorbing more water through mass flow. Consequently, it increases the nutrient uptake. Soil properties Soil texture, structure, porosity can affect the nutrient uptake

42. soil acidity and ph by allah dad khan

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Find an equation of the line through (-6, 10), parallel to the line with equation 3x - 7y = 14. Write the new equation in point-slope form. Convert the equation of the new line found in problem #14 to standard form, Ax + By = C, where A, B, and C are integers. Solution 14) Given line is 3x-7y =14 7y = 3x-14 y = (3/7)x - 2 It is of the form, y = mx + c Hence, slope = 3/7 We know that two parallel lines have same slope. Hence, The equation parallel to 3x-7y =14 has slope equal to 3/7. Hence, the required line passing through (-6,10) and parallel to 3x-7y=14 in slope-point form is slope point formula is y-y1= m (x-x1) y-10 = (3/7) (x+6) 15) From 14) , y-10 = (3/7) (x+6) 7y-70 = 3x+18 3x-7y = -88 It is of the form Ax + By = C.

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Explain why the vapor pressure of a solution made with a nonvolatile solution must be less than the vapor pressure of the pure solvent? Solution Escaping of solvent molecules from the surface of liquid to space is called vaporization. The vapors are then condensed. When there is an equilibrium between vaporization and condensation, the pressure exerted by the vapors of the liquid over the liquid is called vapor pressure. In a pure liquid, the entire surface is occupied by the molecules of the liquid whereas in the case of solution, the surface is occupied by the liquid molecuels and nonvolatile solute molecules. So, the number of solvent molecules escaping from the surface is reduced compare to the pure solvent, thus, the vapor pressure of solution is reduced. Hence, the vapor pressure of a solution of nonvolatile solution is less than the vapor pressure of the pure solvent..

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std deviationSolutionStandard deviation is the measure of disp.pdf

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Sophie and Sally are playing high-card. Sophie takes a random card from the deck, remembers it, and replaces it in the deck. Sally then takes a random card. The winner is the player who takes the higher card. Sophie and Sally may play several rounds before getting tired. They want to remember who won the most games. A Card Deck A Deck consists of 52 unique cards. The cards are divided into four suits, each with 13 cards. The suits are Clubs, Diamonds, Hearts and Spades. Each of a suit\'s cards has a rank, which can be either a number or a face. The numbers range from 2 to 10 (inclusive), and the faces are Jack, Queen, King and Ace. The order of the ranks is that a 2 is the lowest, and Ace the highest. The entire ordering for rank is lowest-> 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Jack Queen King Ace <-highest Rank is used to determine whether one card is higher than another. If two cards have the same rank, then the suit determines the higher card. The lowest suit is Clubs, and the highest Spades. Only if both rank and suit are identical are two cards tied. The entire ordering of suits is lowest-> Clubs Diamonds Hearts Spades <-highest Some examples are a 3 of any suit is higher than a 2 of any suit a 2 of Spades is higher than a 2 of Clubs, Diamonds or Hearts a Jack of any suit is higher than any numbered card of any suit a Queen of any suit is higher than a Jack (or any numbered card) of any suit a King of any suit is higher than a Queen of any suit an Ace of any suit is higher than a King of any suit a King of Hearts is higher than a King of Clubs or Diamonds Ties require that both the rank and the suit match. Representing a card in your program A card value is a number between 8 and 59 (inclusive). The suit of the card is based on the card value modulo 4. The rank is based on the card value divided by 4 using integer division. Division results greater than 10 represent face cards. Suit calculation For card values whose modulo 4 result is 0, the suit is Clubs For card values whose modulo 4 result is 1, the suit is Diamonds For card values whose modulo 4 result is 2, the suit is Hearts For card values whose modulo 4 result is 3, the suit is Spades Rank calculation If you divide a card value by 4 using integer division and the result is 2, the rank is 2 If you divide a card value by 4 using integer division and the result is 3, the rank is 3 If you divide a card value by 4 using integer division and the result is 4, the rank is 4 and so on If you divide a card value by 4 using integer division and the result is 10, the rank is 10 If you divide a card value by 4 using integer division and the result is 11, the rank is Jack If you divide a card value by 4 using integer division and the result is 12, the rank is Queen If you divide a card value by 4 using integer division and the result is 13, the rank is King If you divide a card value by 4 using integer division and the result is 14, the rank is Ace Note that you can determine the higher of any two cards by simp.

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