What is sub-1GHz band?
Sub-1GHz is (i.e. the frequency is below 1GHz, 27MHz~960MHz) one of the important fields of wireless communication, the application covers consumer electronics, automotive, industrial and medical, etc.
Such as TV/STB/VCR/DVD/audio equipment remote control, high-end infinite toys, garage door remote control switch, lighting control, door remote control switch, wireless health monitor, wearable monitoring device, etc. The applications are very wide.
Improvement of signal coverage using wcdma signal repeater for 3 g systemsIjrdt Journal
Wireless communication has become an indispensable technology for the society. In broadband wireless data transmission technique, 3G cellular systems are expected to provide high data rate and less probability of error. This repeater finds application in areas of poor signal coverage and connectivity. The repeater consists of a patch panel antenna for receiving WCDMA signals from the base station and amplifying the signals using a wideband RF amplifier. The signals are then retransmitted to the weak coverage area using a directional Yagi-Uda antenna. The antenna characteristics such as return loss and VSWR are measured using a Network analyzer. The component of the repeater are mounted in a stand and the performance of the entire unit was evaluated using a WCDMA generator, act as a base station, transmitting at 869 MHz and 5dBm output power. A spectrum analyzer with WCDMA analyzer is used as a receiver, the RF signal level and constellation plots with error vector magnitude are determined
5.8GHz band is a higher and open ISM band than the 2.4GHz frequency, it complies with 802.11a, FCC Part 15, ETSI EN 301 489, ETSI EN 301 893, EN 50385, EN 60950, and other international standards.
5.8GHz wireless technology belongs to the open ISM band which is higher than 2.4GHz frequency and complies with 802.11a, FCC Part 15.
Both the 5.8GHz frequency band and 2.4GHz frequency belong to the Wi-Fi frequency band.
In IoT applications, BLE frequency, 433MHz frequency, Wi-Fi frequency, 2.4GHz frequency, GPS frequency, GPRS frequency, LoRa frequency, NB-IoT frequency, etc. are often mentioned technologies. Among them, 433MHz frequency has a wide range of applications but is not well known. In this article, we will start from a few basic knowledge points to introduce 433MHz frequency.
Wireless radio frequency is a kind of non-contact automatic identification technology that emerged in the 1990s of the 20th century and is a kind of wireless communication technology with close distance, low complexity, low power consumption, low data rate, and low cost.
Improvement of signal coverage using wcdma signal repeater for 3 g systemsIjrdt Journal
Wireless communication has become an indispensable technology for the society. In broadband wireless data transmission technique, 3G cellular systems are expected to provide high data rate and less probability of error. This repeater finds application in areas of poor signal coverage and connectivity. The repeater consists of a patch panel antenna for receiving WCDMA signals from the base station and amplifying the signals using a wideband RF amplifier. The signals are then retransmitted to the weak coverage area using a directional Yagi-Uda antenna. The antenna characteristics such as return loss and VSWR are measured using a Network analyzer. The component of the repeater are mounted in a stand and the performance of the entire unit was evaluated using a WCDMA generator, act as a base station, transmitting at 869 MHz and 5dBm output power. A spectrum analyzer with WCDMA analyzer is used as a receiver, the RF signal level and constellation plots with error vector magnitude are determined
5.8GHz band is a higher and open ISM band than the 2.4GHz frequency, it complies with 802.11a, FCC Part 15, ETSI EN 301 489, ETSI EN 301 893, EN 50385, EN 60950, and other international standards.
5.8GHz wireless technology belongs to the open ISM band which is higher than 2.4GHz frequency and complies with 802.11a, FCC Part 15.
Both the 5.8GHz frequency band and 2.4GHz frequency belong to the Wi-Fi frequency band.
In IoT applications, BLE frequency, 433MHz frequency, Wi-Fi frequency, 2.4GHz frequency, GPS frequency, GPRS frequency, LoRa frequency, NB-IoT frequency, etc. are often mentioned technologies. Among them, 433MHz frequency has a wide range of applications but is not well known. In this article, we will start from a few basic knowledge points to introduce 433MHz frequency.
Wireless radio frequency is a kind of non-contact automatic identification technology that emerged in the 1990s of the 20th century and is a kind of wireless communication technology with close distance, low complexity, low power consumption, low data rate, and low cost.
This presentation demonstrate:
- Different RF receiver architectures.
- Basics of Multi-Standard receivers.
- How to select receiver's specifications from the selected standard.
- Subsampling basics.
Topics covered in this presentation:
Radio & Microwave Communication.
2. Spectrum Management.
3. Digital Microwave Systems.
4. Fading and measures to counter Fading effect.
5. Digital Microwave link – Performance Objectives.
6. Modulation Methods.
7. A word about BWA
8. Other wireless communication Applications
The 2300MHz band is already widely used for FWA and mobile LTE and is now becoming a key resource for 5G-NR. According to the ITU IMT-2020 requirements, 5G must deliver a 10 fold increase in the user experienced data rate from 10 Mbit/s to 100 Mbit/s, a factor 100 increase in area traffic capacity to 10 Mbit/s/m2, and a 10 fold reduction in latency to 1 milli-second. To deliver this, mobile operators require additional spectrum, particularly in mid-bands which offer a good combination of capacity and coverage. With a 100 MHz of spectrum, the 2300MHz band (LTE band 40 LTE and 5G-NR band N40) is a crucial TDD mid-band spectrum resource for mobile broadband and FWA which has better propagation characteristics than other TDD mid-bands, such as 2600MHz (N41) and 3500MHz (N77/N78).
Wireless communication is a communication method that utilizes the characteristics of electromagnetic wave signals propagating in free space to exchange information. Wireless communication technology has many advantages and low cost. Wireless communication technology does not need to establish physical lines, and it does not need a lot of manpower to lay cables. Moreover, wireless communication technology is not limited by the industrial environment, and it has strong ability to resist environmental changes. Also relatively easy, compared to the traditional wired communication setup and maintenance, wireless network maintenance can be completed through remote diagnosis, more convenient; scalability is strong, when the network needs to be expanded, wireless communication does not need to expand the wiring; flexibility, wireless The network is not limited by the terrain of the environment, and when the use environment changes, the wireless network can be adapted to the requirements of the new environment with little adjustment.
The principle and characteristics of GSM and NB-IoT
In this paper, we first analyze the principle and characteristics of GSM and NB-IoT, study the NB-IoT coverage enhancement methods, and compare and analyze the coverage capability of GSM and NB-IoT.
Each cell has a number of carrier frequencies, and each carrier frequency has eight-time slots, which means that eight basic physical channels are provided. In the wireless subsystem, the physical channels support the logical channels, and the physical channels are mapped to different logical channels according to the types of messages transmitted on the physical channels.
Advanced Wireless Reconnaissance And Testing - Rohit JadavNSConclave
Hands-on Workshop on Wireless Reconnaissance using Open source wireless frequency analyzer. Also covering topics on wireless perimeter security.
https://nsconclave.net-square.com/advance-wireless.html
Today, we talk about the 5G NR communication technology and its characteristics.
The current communication technology is mainly divided into two types: wired communication and wireless communication. Wired communication uses wired media for conduction, such as copper wire, optical fiber, and so on.
Data transmission in wired media can reach a very high rate, and the current maximum experimental rate of a single fiber can reach 26Tbps. But the bottleneck of mobile communication lies in the wireless communication part. The current mainstream mobile communication standard is LTE, with a theoretical speed of 150Mbps, which is much lower than the wired transmission rate.
5G/NR wireless communication technology overview, architecture and its operating modes SA and NSA. Also an introduction to VoNR and other services overview of 5G network.
The key technologies of 5G namely MIMO and Network slicing are also explained.
What are drone anti-jamming systems?
The drone anti-jamming systems and anti-spoof technology protect against interference, jamming, and spoofing of the UAVs.
To protect their security, countries are beginning to research drone anti-jamming systems, also known as drone strike weapons. The anti-jam and anti-spoof technology protects against interference, jamming and spoofing. A drone strike weapon is a drone attack weapon that can attack and destroy enemy drones.
So what is so unique about this amazing system?
LPWA - Low power wide area, short for low power wide area technology, using lower power consumption to achieve long-distance wireless signal transmission.
Compared with the familiar low-power Bluetooth (BLE), Zigbee and Wifi technologies, LPWA has a much longer transmission distance, generally at the kilometre level, and its link budget (link budget) can reach 160dBm, while BLE and Zigbee are generally below 100dBm.
Compared with traditional cellular network technologies (2G, 3G), LPWA has lower power consumption, and battery-powered devices can last for several years. Based on these two distinctive features, LPWA can truly enable the Internet of Things (IoT) revolution.
LPWAN - Low power wide area network, i.e. a wireless connection network built with LPWA technology, LPWAN can be connected in various forms.
This presentation demonstrate:
- Different RF receiver architectures.
- Basics of Multi-Standard receivers.
- How to select receiver's specifications from the selected standard.
- Subsampling basics.
Topics covered in this presentation:
Radio & Microwave Communication.
2. Spectrum Management.
3. Digital Microwave Systems.
4. Fading and measures to counter Fading effect.
5. Digital Microwave link – Performance Objectives.
6. Modulation Methods.
7. A word about BWA
8. Other wireless communication Applications
The 2300MHz band is already widely used for FWA and mobile LTE and is now becoming a key resource for 5G-NR. According to the ITU IMT-2020 requirements, 5G must deliver a 10 fold increase in the user experienced data rate from 10 Mbit/s to 100 Mbit/s, a factor 100 increase in area traffic capacity to 10 Mbit/s/m2, and a 10 fold reduction in latency to 1 milli-second. To deliver this, mobile operators require additional spectrum, particularly in mid-bands which offer a good combination of capacity and coverage. With a 100 MHz of spectrum, the 2300MHz band (LTE band 40 LTE and 5G-NR band N40) is a crucial TDD mid-band spectrum resource for mobile broadband and FWA which has better propagation characteristics than other TDD mid-bands, such as 2600MHz (N41) and 3500MHz (N77/N78).
Wireless communication is a communication method that utilizes the characteristics of electromagnetic wave signals propagating in free space to exchange information. Wireless communication technology has many advantages and low cost. Wireless communication technology does not need to establish physical lines, and it does not need a lot of manpower to lay cables. Moreover, wireless communication technology is not limited by the industrial environment, and it has strong ability to resist environmental changes. Also relatively easy, compared to the traditional wired communication setup and maintenance, wireless network maintenance can be completed through remote diagnosis, more convenient; scalability is strong, when the network needs to be expanded, wireless communication does not need to expand the wiring; flexibility, wireless The network is not limited by the terrain of the environment, and when the use environment changes, the wireless network can be adapted to the requirements of the new environment with little adjustment.
The principle and characteristics of GSM and NB-IoT
In this paper, we first analyze the principle and characteristics of GSM and NB-IoT, study the NB-IoT coverage enhancement methods, and compare and analyze the coverage capability of GSM and NB-IoT.
Each cell has a number of carrier frequencies, and each carrier frequency has eight-time slots, which means that eight basic physical channels are provided. In the wireless subsystem, the physical channels support the logical channels, and the physical channels are mapped to different logical channels according to the types of messages transmitted on the physical channels.
Advanced Wireless Reconnaissance And Testing - Rohit JadavNSConclave
Hands-on Workshop on Wireless Reconnaissance using Open source wireless frequency analyzer. Also covering topics on wireless perimeter security.
https://nsconclave.net-square.com/advance-wireless.html
Today, we talk about the 5G NR communication technology and its characteristics.
The current communication technology is mainly divided into two types: wired communication and wireless communication. Wired communication uses wired media for conduction, such as copper wire, optical fiber, and so on.
Data transmission in wired media can reach a very high rate, and the current maximum experimental rate of a single fiber can reach 26Tbps. But the bottleneck of mobile communication lies in the wireless communication part. The current mainstream mobile communication standard is LTE, with a theoretical speed of 150Mbps, which is much lower than the wired transmission rate.
5G/NR wireless communication technology overview, architecture and its operating modes SA and NSA. Also an introduction to VoNR and other services overview of 5G network.
The key technologies of 5G namely MIMO and Network slicing are also explained.
What are drone anti-jamming systems?
The drone anti-jamming systems and anti-spoof technology protect against interference, jamming, and spoofing of the UAVs.
To protect their security, countries are beginning to research drone anti-jamming systems, also known as drone strike weapons. The anti-jam and anti-spoof technology protects against interference, jamming and spoofing. A drone strike weapon is a drone attack weapon that can attack and destroy enemy drones.
So what is so unique about this amazing system?
LPWA - Low power wide area, short for low power wide area technology, using lower power consumption to achieve long-distance wireless signal transmission.
Compared with the familiar low-power Bluetooth (BLE), Zigbee and Wifi technologies, LPWA has a much longer transmission distance, generally at the kilometre level, and its link budget (link budget) can reach 160dBm, while BLE and Zigbee are generally below 100dBm.
Compared with traditional cellular network technologies (2G, 3G), LPWA has lower power consumption, and battery-powered devices can last for several years. Based on these two distinctive features, LPWA can truly enable the Internet of Things (IoT) revolution.
LPWAN - Low power wide area network, i.e. a wireless connection network built with LPWA technology, LPWAN can be connected in various forms.
After reading the Top 14 IoT Trends to Emerge in 2023 article, you will learn about what the 14 IoT Trends will be happening.
What is IoT?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of connected devices, digital machines, and users with unique identifiers and network transportability that eliminates the need for human-to-human or human-to-machine interaction.
IoT is an important part of the new generation of information technology. Unlike the Internet, the main application objects of IoT are some physical devices, such as vehicles, home appliances, buildings, etc.
By embedding electronic software, sensors and some network connection devices in these physical devices, the exchange of data between devices can be realized, thus establishing a set of interconnected networks.
According to statistics, more than 43 billion devices are currently expected to be connected to the IoT worldwide, which will generate, share, collect and help people use data in a variety of ways.
The 14 most important IoT trends
Here are the 14 most important IoT trends that will change the world in 2023.
NB-IoT WiKi
NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT) is a low-power technology designed for Internet of Things (IoT) applications and other low-data rate communication requirements.
It uses narrowband radio spectrum and advanced power management techniques to efficiently utilize the available spectrum and extend the battery life of IoT devices.
NB-IoT is based on LTE cellular wireless technology and has been standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) as the global wireless communication standard for IoT applications.
LoRa Alliance Extends LoRaWAN Standard to Support the Internet of Things Applications
The LoRa Alliance Extends LoRaWAN Standard to Support IoT Applications by adding TS013-1.0.0, an application programming interface (API) for application payload decoder-encoders (codecs).
The LoRa Alliance reported it on October 25, 2022. The consortium is the global association supporting the Internet of Things (IoT), Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) open LoRaWAN standard.
Adopting the new TS013-1.0.0 specification will allow device manufacturers and application service providers to reduce deployment complexity. This will make it easier and faster to deploy LoRaWAN devices.
After the read, you will know, what is a private 5G network and how a 5G private network works.
What is a private 5G network?
A private 5G network is a wireless network that uses the 5G mobile networking standard and is owned and operated by a single organization, rather than a commercial telecommunications provider. Private 5G networks are often set up for use by a specific business or organization and can be used to provide secure and reliable wireless connectivity for a variety of applications, such as industrial automation, remote monitoring, and more.
Unlike public 5G networks, which are available to anyone with a compatible device, private 5G networks are typically only accessible to authorized users.
A private 5G network is a local area network (LAN) that uses 5G technology to create a private network with unified connectivity, optimized services, and a secure way of communicating within a specific area.
The concept of a Private Network has been around for a long time. In contrast to public networks, which are primarily intended for the general public, private networks exist primarily to address specific industries/needs. The difference between a public network and a private network is that a public network serves the general public, while a private network serves a specific audience.
This article comprehensively explains low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technology for IoT.
IoT communication technologies are divided into two categories: short-range wireless LAN and low-power wireless WAN (LPWAN), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, etc. are belong to short-range wireless LAN.
LPWAN is mainly used in long-range, low-bandwidth, low-power, and many connection needs of IoT application scenarios, the hottest LoRa in the market in recent years is the most representative technology in LPWAN. LoRa is the most representative technology in LPWAN.
Non-cellular low-power IoT technology solves the problem of large-scale and wide-coverage network connectivity for IoT applications, which makes up for the shortage of traditional cellular technology and promotes the application of IoT and large-scale deployment. Low-power wide-area networks will carry the burden of communication network economies of scale in the future IoT era.
What is wireless 5G LAN?
5G LAN is a LAN built in a 5G network, through which a LAN with mobility can be assembled to meet production and office needs. 5G LAN has the benefit of cross-territory mobility, so even if two people are thousands of miles apart, they can still set up a LAN to achieve Layer 2 and 3 interoperability.
Simply put, 5G LAN uses 5G technology to group and build groups of terminals to form a LAN network. When using 5G cell phones, have you ever noticed that even if you and your friends are close together (even face to face), your phone cannot search each other? You can communicate with each other because the data flow to the carrier or Internet service provider's server around the circle.
What is an internal antenna?
What is an external antenna?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, What are the difference features?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, What are the advantages and disadvantages of the internal and external antenna?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, What are the differences between them?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna in wireless transceiver modules, What are the main antennas used?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, Which signal is better?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna router
Internal antenna vs. external antenna technical requirements
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, how to choose the suitable antenna?
The Yagi Antenna design is one of the most brilliant antenna designs. How to make a 433MHz Yagi antenna design for a long-range? Is it easy to DIY a Yagi antenna?
DIY Yagi antenna design program
Yagi antenna design is mainly based on the gain requirements after selecting the number of antenna elements, determining the length of each element, and the distance between the elements and other parameters.
Here are the 7 steps of the Yagi antenna design program.
55 Different Types of Antennas With Examples Used in Wireless Communication.pdfAntenna Manufacturer Coco
After the read about these 55 different types of antennas, you will learn about the different types of antennas with examples and their use.
As an important part of wireless communication systems, the antenna plays an irreplaceable role. In our life, there are many types of wireless communication requirements, such as long-distance wireless communication, short-distance wireless communication, satellite wireless communication, microwave wireless communication, cell phone wireless communication, point-to-point wireless communication, point-to-face wireless communication, and so on.
Different wireless communications requirements correspond to the use of different types of antenna wireless communication frequency bands, and different wireless communication systems, so it is necessary to use different types of antennas.
The design and selection of different types of antennas are an important part of designing a wireless transceiver for RF systems. A good RF wireless antenna system can make the communication distance the best state. The size of the same type of antenna is proportional to the wavelength of the RF signal. The lower the signal frequency, the larger the antenna needed.
After the read of WiFi vs. Cellular, Is WiFi Better Than Cellular? You will know:
WiFi vs. Cellular, What is the difference between WiFi and cellular?
WiFi vs. Cellular, Is Wi-Fi better than cellular?
WiFi vs. Cellular, What is a cellular network?
WiFi vs. Cellular, What is a Wi-Fi network?
WiFi vs. Cellular applications
5G WiFi vs. cellular 5G, What is the difference between a 5G network and a 5G WiFi?
Which is better, Wifi or mobile data cellular network?
The important differences between WiFi and cellular networks
Apple watch Wifi vs. cellular, What is the difference between cellular and Wi-Fi Apple Watch?
Wifi Ipad vs. cellular, Is Ipad cellular worth it?
Apple watch Wifi vs. cellular, What is the difference between cellular and Wi-Fi Apple Watch?
Wifi vs. cellular data, Which one do you prefer?
This article takes you through the mobile networks' evolution from 1G to 5G.
The long road of mobile networks' evolution from 1G to 5G.
In the past few years, we have seen the rise of mobile networks. From "1G to 2G, 3G, 4G, and now 5G", the whole process of mobile networks' evolution from 1G to 5G has taken about 30 years.
In the past few years, the web has evolved so much that it's hard to compare it to anything else in this world of web technology. Let's go straight back in time, to 1G where it all began.
After the read, you will know:
What is DTU (Data Transfer unit)?
What is DTU's development history?
What is DTU's working principle?
What is DTU's functional configuration?
What is DTU’s Advantage?
What is DTU's core function?
What is DTU’s extension function?
What is DTU's application?
Application examples of DTU's 7 major industries
What is DTU (Data Transfer unit)?
DTU (Data Transfer unit) is a wireless terminal device specially designed to convert serial data to IP data or convert IP data to serial data for transmission through wireless communication networks. DTU is widely used in meteorology, hydrology and water conservancy, geology, and other industries.
After the read, you will know:
What is a DTU?
What is a DTU’s role?
What is a DTU’s working principle?
What is a DTU product type?
What is a DTU application?
What is the role of 4G DTU?
What is a DTU?
DTU is the abbreviation of Data Terminal Unit (DTU). In a broader sense, the module unit responsible for sending data information at both ends of the transmission link is called DTU, which is responsible for format conversion and data collation, and verification of the transmitted information;
In a narrower sense, DTU generally refers to the lower GSM/UMTS transmitting terminal equipment in wireless communication.
DTU is a kind of wireless terminal equipment specially used to convert serial data into IP data or convert IP data into serial data for transmission through a wireless communication network, which is widely used in meteorology, hydrology and water conservancy, geology, and other industries.
Smart agriculture refers to the use of information technology in farming to intelligently control the whole industrial chain of agricultural production, operation, management, and service, so as to achieve high quality, high efficiency, safety, and controllability of agricultural production. China attaches great importance to the development of smart agriculture, and the development of smart agriculture is the only way to realize modern agriculture.
After the read this What is the Difference Between LTE and Wifi article, you will know:
What is the difference between LTE and wifi network technology;
What is the difference between LTE and wifi network coverage capability;
What is the difference between LTE and wifi network wireless capacity;
What is the difference between LTE and wifi network terminal situation;
What is the difference between LTE and wifi network traffic billing;
Etc.
This article talks about Wifi vs LTE technology, what is the difference between Wi-Fi and LTE?
Over the years, the Internet has become increasingly important in our daily lives. Mobile broadband Cellular / LTE and Wi-Fi can be used to access the Internet and perform activities that require a data connection.
This article talks about the 7 common positioning technologies comparison, GPS positioning, Beidou positioning, base station positioning, Bluetooth positioning, WI-FI positioning, UWB positioning, and RFID positioning comparison.
This article is about the 4 positioning technologies: GPS and A-GPS positioning; base station positioning (cell ID positioning): identifying which cell in the network transmits user calls; Wi-Fi AP positioning; and FRID, QR code positioning.
Besides GPS technology and base station positioning technology, what other sensing and positioning technologies are currently available?
The following 9 positioning technologies are used today.
1. GPS and aGPS positioning technology
2. WiFi-AP positioning technology
3. Cell ID positioning technology
4. FRID, QR code positioning technology
5. Bluetooth positioning technology (iBeacon)
6. Acoustic positioning technology
7. Scene recognition positioning technology
8. Geomagnetic field positioning technology
9. Pseudo-satellite positioning technology
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3
What is the Sub-1GHz Wireless Band.pdf
1. C&T RF Antennas Inc
https://ctrfantennasinc.com/ https://lcantennas.com/ https://pcbantennas.com/
Please Contact us for more information, thank you.
Contact Person: Coco Lu cocolu@ctrfantennas.com (+86)13412239096
What is the Sub-1GHz Wireless Band?
What is sub-1GHz band?
Sub-1GHz is (i.e. the frequency is below 1GHz, 27MHz~960MHz) one of the important fields of
wireless communication, the application covers consumer electronics, automotive, industrial and
medical, etc.
Such as TV/STB/VCR/DVD/audio equipment remote control, high-end infinite toys, garage door
remote control switch, lighting control, door remote control switch, wireless health monitor,
wearable monitoring device, etc. The applications are very wide.
Sub-1GHz is ideal for long-range and low-power communication.
Sub-1GHz refers to the radio frequency less than 1GHz, and there are many bands in the
Sub-1GHz band that is exempted from authorization, such as ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical)
bands allocated by ITU (International Telecommunication Union) (e.g. 6.780MHz, 13.560MHz,
27.120MHz, 40.68MHz, 433.68MHz, 433.68MHz and 433.68MHz). 40.68MHz, 433.92MHz,
915MHz, etc.).
Various wireless technologies based on Sub-1GHz have been widely used in various industries,
such as RFID, NFC, Wireless M-BUS, and so on.
The development of radio technology has promoted the development of IoT applications, and
Sub-1GHz wireless technology has certain advantages in the use of IoT applications.
Compared with wired technology, wireless connection technology is easy to install and
convenient to use. And compared with the 2.4GHz band, Sub-1GHz has the features of long
transmission distance and strong obstacle penetration ability.
What is Sub-1GHz range?
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What is the range of the Sub-1GHz ISM band of ITU?
The ISM band is a certain band that countries set aside mainly for industrial, scientific, and
medical institutions to use. No license or fee is required to use these bands, only a certain
transmitting power (usually less than 1W) and no interference to other bands.
China Radio Sub-1GHz Frequency (ISM)
According to the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Radio Frequency Division", the
frequency bands corresponding to the ISM band are divided as follows:
6765-6795 kHz (center frequency is 6 780 kHz).
433.05-434.79MHz (center frequency is 433.92MHz)
61-61.5GHz (center frequency is 61.25GHz), and
122-123GHz (center frequency of 122.5GHz), and
244-246GHz (center frequency of 245GHz) is designated for industrial, scientific, and medical
(ISM) use, subject to special approval by the authorities concerned in agreement with those
authorities whose radio communication operations may be affected.
When invoking this provision, the competent authority shall take into account the relevant ITU-R
latest proposal.
13 553-13 567 kHz (center frequency 13 560 kHz),
26 957-27 283kHz (center frequency of 27 120kHz),
40.66-40.70MHz (center frequency is 40.68MHz),
902-928MHz (center frequency of 915MHz),
2400-2500MHz (center frequency is 2 450MHz),
5 725-5 875 MHz (center frequency of 5 800 MHz), and 24-24.25 GHz (center frequency of 24.125
GHz) are also designated for industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) use.
Radiocommunication operations operating in these bands must withstand harmful interference
that may arise due to these applications. ISM equipment operating in these bands shall comply
with the provisions of paragraph 15.13.
In Germany, Austria, Bosnia, and Herzegovina, Croatia, The former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia, Liechtenstein, Montenegro, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia, and Switzerland, the
433.05-434.79 MHz band (center frequency 433.92 MHz) is designated for industrial, scientific,
and medical (ISM) use.
Radiocommunication operations in the above-mentioned countries operating in this band must
withstand harmful interference that may be generated by these applications.
Hong Kong, China, and Macao, China have designated ISM bands in the radio frequency
classification, which is consistent with the ITU-designated Sub-1GHz band in Region 3.
The ISM band is not uniform across countries, and most ITU-Region 3 countries have no
designated ISM application band in the 100MHz-1GHz band.
In mainland China, the ISM band mentioned above is actually also divided for the use of related
radio services, and the use of related frequency bands needs to follow the relevant regulations of
radio management in China.
What are the types of radio transmitting equipment of Sub-1GHz?
In accordance with the "Radio Regulations of the People's Republic of China," Article 44, in
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addition to micro-power short-range radio transmitting equipment, production or import in the
domestic sales, use of other radio transmitting equipment, should apply to the state radio
management agency type approval. The radio transmitting equipment type approval directory is
published by the State Radio Administration.
China radio transmitting equipment mainly has the following types.
Public mobile communication equipment
Wireless access system
Private network equipment
Microwave equipment
Satellite equipment
Broadcast Equipment
2.4GHz/5.8GHz wireless access equipment
Short-range radio equipment
Radar
Other radio transmitting equipment
Sub-1GHz is ideal for long-range and low-power communication. Wireless propagation is
inversely proportional to frequency, and sub-1GHz RF is more advantageous in low power
consumption, long-range communication, or wall penetration capability.
For many applications, 433MHz becomes a global alternative to 2.4GHz (but Japan does not allow
it to be used for wireless applications).
Designs based on 868MHz and 915MHz are available for the US and European markets. There are
many available brands that do not require licensing or need to be licensed for system integrators
to either choose to optimize performance in certain specific areas or to work with utilities to
design systems over a wide area.
In this diversity, the sub-GHz band spectrum has less interference than the 2.4GHz band. A band
with less interference improves the overall performance of the network and reduces the number
of retransmissions in transmission.
What are the characteristics of Sub-1GHz?
Sub-1GHz communication has five distinctive features
Long distance
Sub-1GHz is the frequency below 1GHz, i.e. 27MHz~960MHz, which is the same frequency band
as our daily use of car keys.
Low power consumption
Using the frequency band below 1GHz means that the power used by sensor nodes is much less
than the 2.4Ghz equivalent power. Combined with smart power management technology, coin
cell batteries have a lifetime of over 10 years. This makes sub-1GHz communication very suitable
for sensor nodes located in dispersed and remote areas such as weather stations and smart
meters.
Strong anti-interference ability
Today, the air is full of signals from cell phones, computers, and IoT devices. Even a microwave
oven can cause interference in the 2.4Ghz range. By using a spectrum that is less used by existing
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products, Sub-1GHz is less susceptible to interference from devices using Bluetooth, WiFi, or
2.4Ghz ZigBee.
IEEE 802.15.4 Compatible
Using popular protocols such as Zigbee, TI 15.4 stack, or 6LoWPan, we can quickly implement a
secure star or mesh network without having to create a network layer from scratch, significantly
reducing development time.
Low Cost
Since Sub-1GHz has been widely used in many industrial fields, the integration of chipsets is
becoming more and more feature-rich, which greatly reduces the cost of the solution. The cost of
building Sub-GHz sensor nodes is not high.
The sub-1GHz band is good for IoT wireless connectivity applications, but it has not yet formed a
unified band worldwide, and its band application varies with different national or regional radio
specifications. In contrast, telecom networks are generally mostly dedicated frequency bands,
such as NB-IoT, with relatively less spectrum interference and unified standards that are relatively
easy to achieve device access to the network.
In China, different Sub-1GHz bands correspond to different radio services and cannot be used
across industries or equipment types, and different radio transmitting equipment bands require
different specifications, but they can still be used in some industries on a large scale, such as
meter reading applications.
In addition to micro-powered short-range radio equipment, Sub-1GHz band there are some
dedicated communication bands, such as 230MHz band wireless power network, etc., that can
realize the national scale of the device network access.
IoT innovation is always in continuous development, Sub-1GHz wireless connection can be
formed into wireless local area network, and the integration of basic network facilities and
Internet connection, the mutual integration of broadband and narrowband, telecommunication
network, and non-telecommunication network will continuously push the development of IoT
application innovation.
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