This document discusses techniques for paraphrasing text to avoid plagiarism. It provides examples of paraphrasing through changing word forms, using synonyms, altering sentence structure by changing word order or voice, and substituting words that maintain the original meaning. Key terms, proper nouns, and concepts should not be altered. The goal of paraphrasing is to restate the core idea in one's own words rather than copying from the original.

2. PARAPHRASING
•PARAPHRASING IS A TECHNIQUE USED TO AVOID PLAGIARISM. YOUR
PARAPHRASE CAN BE LONGER OR SHORTER THAN THE ORIGINAL.
CONCENTRATE ON THE MEANING AND NOT ON THE WORDS TO GET THE
PARAPHRASE IN YOUR OWN "VOICE."

3. PARAPHRASING TECHNIQUES
• CHANGE WORD FORM OR PART OF SPEECH.
• USE SYNONYMS OF "RELATIONSHIP WORDS" SUCH AS CONTRAST, CAUSE, OR EFFECT, AND SUBSTITUTE A
WORD OR PHRASE THAT CONVEYS A SIMILAR MEANING.
• USE SYNONYMS OF PHRASES AND WORDS.
• CHANGE THE WORD ORDER.
• CHANGE ACTIVE VOICE TO PASSIVE VOICE.
• USE REVERSALS OR NEGATIVES THAT DO NOT CHANGE THE MEANING.
• DO NOT CHANGE CONCEPT WORDS, SPECIAL TERMS, OR PROPER NAMES.

4. I. CHANGE WORD FORM OR PART OF
SPEECH.
ORIGINAL SENTENCE
• AMERICAN NEWS COVERAGE IS FREQUENTLY BIASED IN FAVOR OF WESTERN VIEWS.
PARAPHRASED SENTENCE
• WHEN AMERICAN JOURNALISTS COVER EVENTS, THEY OFTEN DISPLAY A WESTERN BIAS.

5. II. USE SYNONYMS OF "RELATIONSHIP WORDS" SUCH
AS CONTRAST, CAUSE, OR EFFECT, AND SUBSTITUTE A WORD OR
PHRASE THAT CONVEYS A SIMILAR MEANING.
ORIGINAL SENTENCE
• BUDGET SHORTFALLS AT THE STATE LEVEL HAVERESULTED IN HIGHER TUITION COSTS AT UNIVERSITIES.
PARAPHRASED SENTENCE
• HIGHER UNIVERSITY TUITION COSTS ARE DUE TO LACK OF MONEY IN THE STATE BUDGET.

6. III. USE SYNONYMS OF PHRASES AND
WORDS
ORIGINAL SENTENCE
• THERE WAS A RESURGENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS AT THE START OF THE DECADE.
PARAPHRASED SENTENCE
• AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 1980S, THE INCIDENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS INCREASED.

7. IV. CHANGE THE WORD ORDER
ORIGINAL SENTENCE
• UNDER THE EARLY ADMISSION SYSTEM, STUDENTS ARE ACCEPTED BY COLLEGES BEFORE THEY GRADUATE
FROM HIGH SCHOOL.
PARAPHRASED SENTENCE
• UNIVERSITIES ACCEPT STUDENTS BEFORE THEIR HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATIONUNDER THE EARLY
ADMISSION SYSTEM.

8. V. CHANGE ACTIVE VOICE TO PASSIVE
VOICE.
ORIGINAL SENTENCE
• ACTIVE VOICE: OVER ONE-THIRD OF THE APPLICANTS FAILED THE ENTRANCE EXAM.
PARAPHRASED SENTENCE
• PASSIVE VOICE: THE ENTRANCE EXAM WAS FAILED BY OVER ONE-THIRD OF THE APPLICANTS.

9. VI. USE REVERSALS OR NEGATIVES THAT DO
NOT CHANGE THE MEANING.
ORIGINAL SENTENCE
• THIS UNUSUAL SPECIES IS ONLY FOUND UNDERWATER.
PARAPHRASED SENTENCE
• THIS SPECIES IS NOT FOUND ON LAND.

10. VII. DO NOT CHANGE CONCEPT WORDS,
SPECIAL TERMS, OR PROPER NAMES.
ORIGINAL SENTENCE
• GAMMA RAYS CONSIST OF HIGH ENERGY PHOTONS THAT HAVE NEITHER MASS NOR CHARGE.
PARAPHRASED SENTENCE
• HIGH-ENERGY PHOTONS THAT DO NOT HAVE MASS OR CHARGE FORM GAMMA RAYS.

11. REFERENCE:
• HTTP://WWW.XAVIER.EDU/LIBRARY/XU-TUTOR/WHAT-IS-THE-CORRECT-WAY-TO-PARAPHRASE.CFM