1. The paragraph is a group of sentences that support one aspect of a topic through a controlling idea. 2. To write a paragraph, you need a topic sentence stating the controlling idea. Supporting sentences then explain and expand on just that one idea, in a logical order. 3. A good paragraph uses a topic sentence introducing the controlling idea, then supporting sentences that develop that single idea through examples and details.

1. --What is the " paragraph"?
++The " paragraph " is a group of sentences that support and declare one aspect of a
topic.
--How do we write a paragraph?
++To write a right paragraph you need to study the form & parts of the paragraph.
Study this example : “ Write a paragraph about the following topic : ( Education" (
I said write a paragraph about " education " not an essay ; and this means to write
about only one aspect of ( education ) not all aspects . Note that this one aspect of the topic
is called the " controlling idea " and it should be written within the " topic sentence " like
this:
builds a great country.Education
An example of ( a topic sentence( .
the controlling idea.The topic
++By changing the idea concerning one topic , you make both a new controlling idea and
new topic sentence , as in the following topic sentences.
Education should be developed.3Education builds a great country.1
Education is good in Japan.4Education affects people’s manner.2
)++1(You as ,a beginner, write the topic sentence in the beginning of the paragraph
,though the professional writer can put it in the middle or even in the end.
) ++2(Consider the " controlling idea " as a sun and the rest sentences of the paragraph
(= the supporting ideas ) as planets and moons that move around it; this means:
)A ) The thoughts and ideas you write should support & explain the controlling idea
)B ) They should be logical.
)C ) They should be written in order like a chain.
Ex : Read the following paragraph , then study it carefully:
Education builds a great country. It gives the citizens ability to study, search, and
discover new things that benefit their country. It helps them to develop the factories to
produce perfect demanded goods all over the world. The citizens can plant their fields
according to the recent theories to get more quantities of the best croups, to save water to
reclaim the desert, and to satisfy their needs . By education the country is able to
strengthen both its economy and its military ability. Also in a good educated society
people communicate and co-operate easily so the social problems decrease.
The topicEducation
The controlling ideabuilds a great country
The topic sentenceEducation builds a great country
The supporting ideasIt gives the citizens ability to study, search, and discover
new things that benefit their country.
It helps them to develop the factories to produce perfect
demanded goods all over the world.
The citizens can land their fields according to the recent
theories to get more quantities of the best croups, to save
water to reclaim the desert, and to satisfy their needs.
By education the country is able to strengthen both its

2. economy and its military ability.
Also in a good educated society people communicate and
co-operate easily; so the social problems decrease.
Remember:
++Never use sentences like the following sentences in the topic sentence:
There no one can deny………
There is no doubt that………
I'm pleased happy to write about this topic / subject / matter.…
I want / like / love to write about.……
It is very important to write about this topic……
It is very important topic / thing in our life………
It is a fact that……….or As a matter of fact.……
Question ( 1 ) : Why these sentences can’t be used in a topic sentence?
The answer : ( from the lecture. (
………………………………………………………………..
Now you are asked to:
)1(Read the definitions in column ( B ) carefully , then match each the item in column
( A ) with its definition.
Column ( B(Column ( A(
The definitionThe item
is the sentence contains both the topic and the
controlling idea.
aA topic:1
bA paragraph:2
are the sentences we write to support and declare or
explain only the controlling idea & they should be
logical and ordered.
cA topic sentence:3
is a group of sentences ( 6-8 ) that support and
declare one aspect or idea of a topic, & it consists of
(a) a topic sentence & (b) controlling ideas.
dThe controlling idea:4
is the sentence contains both the topic and the
controlling idea.
eThe supporting ideas:5
)2(Write the definitions of the following items:
A paragraph is … is a group of sentences ( 6-8 ) that support and declare one aspect or idea of a topic, & it
consists of (a) a topic sentence & (b) controlling ideas…………………………………………………….
1-
A topic is is the main subject to be discussed……………………………………………………………….2-
A topic sentence is … is the sentence contains both the topic and the controlling idea.
…………………………………………………
3-
The controlling idea is … is the sentence contains both the topic and the controlling idea.
……………………………………………
4-
The supporting ideas are ……… are the sentences we write to support and declare or explain only the
controlling idea & they should be logical and ordered….....…………………………….
5-