Download to read offline
More Related Content
Similar to What is science? What is its importance?
What is science? What is its importance?
- 1. Workshop on ScienceWriting October 2021 to January 2022 Session 2
- 2. Activities so far •Self introductions – word count – Paragraph vs. paragraphs – Make every word count • Session 1 – Introductions to each other – Introduction to the workshop
- 3. Recognising and usingnames Senthil Vellai Amrit Suryendra Ramasubbu Amitabh Nalini Nidhi Roshani Dhatri Moitri Radha Nagesh
- 4.
- 5.
- 6. What is science? •Physics, Chemistry, Biology, (Maths?) • Geology? • Biotechnology • Empirically/experimentally verified objective facts about natural phenomena
- 7. Science • Naming • Classification •Hypotheses • Laws / Principles • Definitions • Axioms / Postulates • Theories • Models •Observations •Experiments •Simulations
- 8. Science • Naming • Classification •Hypotheses • Laws / Principles • Definitions • Axioms / Postulates • Theories • Models •Observations •Experiments •Simulations
- 9. Science • Naming • Classification •Hypotheses • Laws / Principles • Definitions • Axioms / Postulates • Theories • Models •Observations •Experiments •Simulations Structure of science
- 10. Science • Naming • Classification •Hypotheses • Laws / Principles • Definitions • Axioms / Postulates • Theories • Models •Observations •Experiments •Simulations Nouns!
- 11. Senses – perception- consciousness
- 12. Senses – perception- consciousness Observations, experiments, simulations
- 13. Senses – perception- consciousness Observations, experiments, simulations Laws Principles Hypotheses
- 14. Senses – perception- consciousness Observations, experiments, simulations Laws Principles Hypotheses Concepts, Definitions
- 15. Senses – perception- consciousness Observations, experiments, simulations Laws Principles Hypotheses Concepts, Definitions Axioms Postulates
- 16. Senses – perception- consciousness Observations, experiments, simulations Laws Principles Hypotheses Concepts, Definitions Axioms Postulates Theory
- 17. Science as averb Science is what scientists do. How do scientists discover? How do researchers construct knowledge? K P Madhu
- 18. Philosophy • Metaphysics • Epistemology •Logic • Ethics • Aesthetics
- 19. Valid methods ofconstructing knowledge • Induction • Deduction • Experiment • Verification / proof • Falsification • Critical spirit Roger Bacon Rene Descartes David Hume Karl Popper Thomas Kuhn Paul Feyerabend Arthur Koestler Conjectures and Refutations The Structure of scientific revolutions Against Method The Sleepwalkers
- 20. Implications • Design ofexperiments • To corroborate a hypothesis or to refute it • Predicting – The results logically predicted – A new previously unobserved phenomenon • Explanatory power, predictive power • Occam’s razor – simplicity – beauty • Science does not prove, but provides evidence and logic
- 21. Myths and Reality:Science • Logic • Intuition and imagination • Analysis • Synthesis • Step by step progress of science • Paradigm shift
- 22. • Subjective • Objective •Inter-subjective Science: Myths and Reality 2 Scientific reports Peer review Repeat experiments Reproduce experiments
- 23. Science as verb •What do scientists do? – They ask questions – search literature to “stand on giant shoulders” – question the answers – hypothesize – design experiments – carry out experiments – report results in journals – define concepts – propose laws – formulate axioms, postulates – construct theories and models – report results in journals
- 24. Trickling down ofScience • Reports in Journals • Review Article • Monographs • Text books De-humanisation of science Passive voice and Nominalisation Obscures the real processes of science
- 25. Nature of Science •Quantitative • Mathematical • Counter intuitive • Not connected to human experience & emotions • Narrow disciplines • Torturous terminologies
- 26. Other dimensions ofScience • Philosophy and methodology • History • Sociology • Economics • Politics • Management • Education • Communication Science in History, J D Bernal, 1954 Bruno Latur
- 27. Science Education • Philosophy,History, Sociology, etc. are not taught at all • No talking in the class • Spelling does not matter, but - • Grammar is not important … • Need to overcome the limitations of our education • Imbibe the culture of science
- 28. 1. The processof constructing scientific knowledge requires skills that are different from skills for studying science. 2. As Natural Philosophy diverged from Philosophy and became a separate system of inquiry called science, it became more rigorous. 3. Science is a socio-cultural activity of humans beings. To imbibe the culture, we need to understand the history of science.
- 29. Distinguish between - Scienceand Technology Science, non-science and nonsense
- 30. How to proceed? •Ask a question, state your doubt, pose a problem or a puzzle • Literature search • Review and formulate hypotheses • Design experiments to refute the hypotheses
- 31. Activity for thisweek • Reading speed – Determine baseline, – Practice, – Test after 12 weeks • Email discussion on some concepts in Constitutional duties