Chikungunya is a viral disease characterized by fever and debilitating joint pain, transmitted by infected mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Symptoms typically appear a few days after infection and include fever, joint pain, headache, and rash, with no vaccine or specific treatment available, only supportive care to alleviate symptoms. Preventive measures focus on avoiding mosquito bites, and recent research has developed a rapid detection technique using molybdenum disulphide nanosheets to identify the virus.

1. Chikungunya

2. presented by:

3. ➢ Chikungunya is characterized by an abrupt
onset of fever, frequently accompanied by joint
pain.
➢ Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted to
humans by infected mosquitoes. It is caused by
the chikungunya virus (CHIKV).
➢ The joint pain is often very debilitating; it
usually lasts for a few days, but may be
prolonged for weeks, months or even years.
Hence, the virus can cause acute, subacute or
chronic disease.
❏ What is Chikungunya:

4. ➢ An infected person cannot directly transmit the
virus to another person. The disease is spread
when a mosquito feeds on a person with the
virus circulating in their blood. The mosquito
can pick up the virus and spread it to another
person through its bite.
➢ Chikungunya virus is most often spread to
people by Aedes aegypti and Aedes
albopictus mosquitoes. These are the same
mosquitoes that transmit dengue virus.
❏ Causation :

5. ➢ The virus causes a fever that lasts a few days and joint
pain that can last weeks or months.
➢ The symptoms of chikungunya virus are similar to
those of other diseases such as dengue fever. The
symptoms normally appear just a few days after a
mosquito has bitten an individual. The most common
symptoms are:
➢ fever (sometimes as high as 104 °F)
➢ joint pain
➢ headache
➢ muscle pain
➢ rash
➢ swelling around the joints
➢ Less commonly, symptoms can be accompanied by a
maculopapular rash (similar to measles or heat rash),
conjunctivitis, nausea, and vomiting.
❏ signs and symptoms :

6. ❏ Treatment :
➢ There is no vaccine to prevent or medicine to treat
chikungunya virus.
➢ Treat the symptoms:
● Get plenty of rest.
● Drink fluids to prevent dehydration.
● Take medicine such as acetaminophen (Tylenol®) or
paracetamol to reduce fever and pain.
● Do not take aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS until dengue is ruled out to
reduce the risk of bleeding).
● If you are taking medicine for another medical condition,
talk to your healthcare provider before taking additional
medication.

7. ● If you have chikungunya, prevent mosquito bites
for the first week of your illness.
● During the first week of infection, chikungunya
virus can be found in an infected person’s blood
and passed from that person to a mosquito
through mosquito bites.
● An infected mosquito can then spread the virus
to other people.

8. ❏ Prevention :
➢ There is no vaccine to prevent chikungunya virus
infection. The best way to prevent chikungunya is to
protect yourself from mosquito bites.
➢ Wear long sleeves and long pants.
➢ Stay in screened-in areas, or indoors where there’s air
conditioning.
➢ If you’re in a place with no air conditioning or screens in the
windows, make sure there’s a mosquito net over your bed.
➢ If you go outside without sleeves, wear a mosquito repellant
that has DEET. If you need to wear sunscreen, put that on
first.
➢ Dump out any standing water in things like flower pots in
your house or hotel room.

9. ❏ inventions for detection :
➢ Indian scientists have developed a biosensor technique which can be potentially help in
detecting Chikungunya virus. According to the scientists, the technique can be used to
develop a point of care device for rapid identification of the dreaded disease.
➢ This technique is based on molybdenum disulphide nanosheets. The researchers
synthesized the nanosheets by chemical route and characterized them by using
scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible
spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction.
➢ This study has been jointly carried out by researchers of Amity University, Noida, Jamia
Millia Islamia University, Delhi and Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak.
➢ Conventionally, Chikungunya is detected through RT-PCR (Real-time polymerase chain
reaction) from serum samples or by determination of serum antibodies. These methods
are time consuming and the procedure is cumbersome. Thus, there is a need for a rapid
and point-of-care diagnostic tool.

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