ASP is an abbreviation for Active Server Pages, which is a server-side scripting technology developed by Microsoft in 1996 to dynamically generate web pages. ASP scripts are embedded within HTML pages and processed by the server before the results are sent to the user. ASP allows for advanced scripting capabilities to optimize and customize web pages and user experiences. It functions by having the user's input sent to a script on the server via the browser, which then accesses a database to build and customize the results page before sending it back to the user. However, ASP requires a Windows server and is not compatible with Linux servers that typically use PHP for scripting.