What is an outcome of p53 and Rb inactivation by tumor virusesa. .pdf
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What is an outcome of p53 and Rb inactivation by tumor viruses? a. Their inhibition permits infected cells to bypass eliminating immune responses, thereby promoting cell survival. b. Their inhibition increases proliferation of mutated cells and spread of virus that can transform neighboring cells. c. Their inhibition permits DNA mutations to be passed on to proliferating cells. Solution Answer : The correct answer is B (Their inhibition increases proliferation of mutated cells and spread of virus that can transform neighboring cells) Explanation : Both P53 and Rb are the tumor suppressor genes which acts as cellular brakes for the proliferation of infected/mutated cells. Inhibiting the expression of these genes allows uncontrollable proliferation of cells..
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Identify the four factors of production, and tell what type of incom.pdf
Identify the four factors of production, and tell what type of income is earned by each factor.
Solution
Four factors :Labor, Land, Capital,entrepreneurship
entrepreneurship : Earns profits for his use of skills and taking the risk.
Land: Earns rent for its use
Labor : Earns wage income for providing services
Capital: Earns interest income f.
Identify the membranes that line the cavity surrounding the lungs. p.pdf
Identify the membranes that line the cavity surrounding the lungs. pulmonary membranes
parietal and visceral peritonea parietal and visceral pleura serous pericardium
Solution
parietal and visceral pleura
pulmonary pleura surrounds each lung and connects it to thoracic cavity. pulmonary plleura
consist of two pleura. visceral and parietal pleura.
visceral pleura is the serous membrane that lines each lung.
parietal pleura is the outer membrane attached to the inner suurface of thoracic cavity.
How is explicit knowledge different from tacit knowledgeSolutio.pdf
How is explicit knowledge different from tacit knowledge?
Solution
expelcit knowledge can be trasfered to other easily, what ever we knows and want to share others
we can. we can write it, we can speak it and we can draw it and make the opposite understand it.
on the other hand tacit knowledge is intuitive and unarticulated knowledge that cannot be
communicated, understood or used without the ‘knowing subject’. to understand this the subject
knowledge is required to the opposit people.
explecit knowledge can be learned by formal education, logical thinking and practical
experience, where as tacit knowledge can acquire through practical exeperience only..
How did printing technology impact literacy and education How d.pdf
How did printing technology impact literacy and education ?
How did printing technology impact literacy and education ?
Solution
Print culture embodies all forms of printed text and other printed forms of Visual
Communication. One prominent scholar in the field is Elizabeth Eisenstein, who contrasted print
culture, which appeared in Europe in the centuries after the advent of the Western printing press
to scribal culture.
Print culture is the conglomeration of effects on human society that is created by making printed
forms of communication. Print culture encompasses many stages as it has evolved in response to
technological advances. Print culture can first be studied from the period of time involving the
gradual movement from oration to script as it is the basis for print culture. As the printing
became commonplace, script became insufficient and printed documents were mass produced.
The era of physical print has had a lasting effect on human culture, but with the advent of digital
text, some scholars believe the printed word is becoming obsolete.
The advent of the printing press over five hundred years ago may be described as one of the few
major significant events in mankind’s history in terms of the greatest impact on literacy. Before
paper and print were invented, oral communication was the only method in which information
was gathered and distributed. Even though this bound the community together, it did not allow
the community to grow and there were no methods of accurately storing and retrieving
information. Further, if the community moved on or perished so did their historical records and
knowledge. Although the following technologies involved the written word in the form of
papyrus scrolls and manuscript codex as examples, it was still quite time consuming and limited
to the upper literate elite class of society. When the printing press was invented there was a shift
from the laborious manuscript making to the codex print allowing many copies of written work
to be quickly created, in turn providing greater access to information for all and providing the
framework for the gradual transformation of societal literacy.
The concept of printing was first conceived and developed in China and Korea. Although the
concept was conceived by the eastern nations, the first mechanized printing press was invented
by a German metalworker named Johann Gutenberg in 1452. Gutenberg did not invent the
printing press but rather conceived the idea of movable type which is actually an aggregation of
three distinct technologies utilized by humans for many centuries before Gutenberg (Jones
2007). This can be described as a form of remediation of previous communication technologies.
Bolter defines remediation when a, “newer medium takes place of an older one, borrowing and
reorganizing the characteristics of writing in the older medium and reforming its cultural space.”
(Bolter, 2001, p.23). Gutenberg combined the technologies of paper, viscous oil-based ink.
Could a violent video games make a person become a terrorist .pdf
Could a violent video games make a person become a terrorist ?
Could a violent video games make a person become a terrorist ?
Solution
If we the see the direct effect we can easily say no but the affects of violent video games have
been analyzed and it proves a person to a limit above normal which could instigate afeeling of
hatred and violence which could in extreme cases could lead a person to take extreme steps like
becoming a criminal or a terrorist. Long term exposure or addiction to such games could stir a
change in behaviour making the person used to anger and violence, leading to change in
behaviour in daily life and adopting actions of extreme nature..
For each of the four rows in Table 5.10-1, organize and combine the .pdf
For each of the four rows in Table 5.10-1, organize and combine the five columns of information
together into one-to-two paragraphs that explain them in an easy-to-read format.
Table 5.10-1:
Risk Factor
(and Reason for
Significance)
Metrics
(and How Collected)
Risk Reduction/
Prevention Plan
Contingency
Plan
Entrance
Criteria
1. Requirements
stability.
(More people and
organizations (e.g.,
Navy, NATO) involved
means more time, more
requirements, and
requirements. instability
which leads to
cost/schedule slippage)
Track number of
requirements: original,
new, changed, deleted
(Count new, changed, and
deleted requirements every
month vs. previous month
by automated tool which
reads requirements
database)
Report requirements
stability with
written estimated
impact assessment
to all parties every
month and baseline
(freeze)
requirements at
planned time in
schedule
Reduce
functionality to
meet cost and
schedule or
increase funds and
schedule to
include
new/changed
requirements
If number of
changed req.
and number of
new
requirements
per month
exceeds 4
2: New Technology
(Learning curves for
OOD design techniques
and Ada language by the
development team will
take time; compiler
maturity for target
hardware (PCs) is low)
Count staff members
qualified in each discipline
(When staff member gets
minimum score on
OOD/Ada test or meets
other objective criteria)
1) Provide technical
training in OOD and
Ada;
2) Use and enforce
design and coding
standards
Employ OOD/Ada
expert
consultant(s) to
assist development
If the design or
coding
milestones fall
behind
schedule by
more than
15%
3: Reliability of
support organizations.
(Non-delivery of
required hardware and/or
materials will directly
impact on our ability to
deliver the complete system)
Production, installation,
and test milestones of each
required outside element
(Milestone progress
reports from all critical
suppliers and vendors)
Provide a bonus
structure to each
vendor and supplier
that is delivering a
required item for
delivering on time
Identify alternative
vendors and
suppliers and
purchase spares as
backup
Delta time
threshold over
2 weeks past
scheduled
delivery date
4: Overall system
testability.
(No test facility exists
that matches the real
system from beginning
to end as it exists in the
field.)
Percentage of Interfaces
tested and verified as
correct (Overall system
interface requirements
tracked through bi-weekly
status reports until
complete)
Develop a simulator
and test environment
that replicates as
nearly as possible
the whole system,
especially the
interfaces
Move testing to
field sites
If any required
interfaces
cannot be
tested in a
simulator
environment
by their
milestone due date
Risk Factor
(and Reason for
Significance)
Metrics
(and How Collected)
Risk Reduction/
Prevention Plan
Contingency
Plan
Entrance
Criteria
1. Requirements
stability.
(More people and
organizations (e.g.,
Navy, NATO) involved
means more time, more
requirements, and
requirements. instability
which leads to
cos.
Applying change management theoryto discuss the integration ofone of.pdf
Applying change management theoryto discuss the integration ofone of the four types of
knowledge-based decision support systems
Solution
Change management and knowledge-based decision support systems to my mind are supposed to
play both supplementary and complementry roles in the development of decision making process
in almost all types of the organizations.
With the development of computers and emergence of Data based Management System
(DBMS), very many companies/ organizations underwent changes during 1950 and 1970 but
mostly at the lower level of management to cope up with the incresed level of transactions and
the subsequent couple of decades with the success of Decision Supports Systems (DSS) and
increasing use of internet forced the middle level management to pay attention to the crucial role
of Information Technology and its impact on the theories of change management. Middle level
of management has popularised the terms Executive information Systems (EIS), Management
Information Systems (MIS and Experts Systems (ES).
Currently all levels of management including top level management who is more resposible for
strategic planning, are talking about all types of knowledge-based decision support systems to be
integrated in so called Enterprise Resources Planning Systems (ERP).
The introduction of ERP, the ultimate of integration of all activities, tasks, procedures, processes,
rules regulations etc calls upon the Change management theories to come into play for the
success of ERP. It is required because ERP needs not only the integration of knowledge-based
decision support systems but being very much dynamic in nature needs change management
theories for its implementation..
Albinism in humans is inherited as a simple recessive trait. For the.pdf
Albinism in humans is inherited as a simple recessive trait. For the following families, determine
the most likely genotypes of the parents. A normal male and an albino female have six children,
three normal and three albino. What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?
a.male AA; female aa
b.male AA; female Aa
c.male Aa; female aa
d.male Aa; female Aa
Solution
c.male Aa; female aa
Albinism is a homozygous recessive trait. Assume that the gene coding for normal phenotype is
A and the gene coding for albinism is a (A is normal and A is dominant over a), albinism is
inherited by a homozygous recessive pattern (aa).
It is given that an unaffected male and an affected female had both normal and affected children.
Means, the children receive one recessive allele from the mother and the other from the father.
Thus, the father is heterozygous (Aa) and the mother is homozygous recessive (aa)..
Recommended
Identify the four factors of production, and tell what type of incom.pdf
Identify the four factors of production, and tell what type of income is earned by each factor.
Solution
Four factors :Labor, Land, Capital,entrepreneurship
entrepreneurship : Earns profits for his use of skills and taking the risk.
Land: Earns rent for its use
Labor : Earns wage income for providing services
Capital: Earns interest income f.
Identify the membranes that line the cavity surrounding the lungs. p.pdf
Identify the membranes that line the cavity surrounding the lungs. pulmonary membranes
parietal and visceral peritonea parietal and visceral pleura serous pericardium
Solution
parietal and visceral pleura
pulmonary pleura surrounds each lung and connects it to thoracic cavity. pulmonary plleura
consist of two pleura. visceral and parietal pleura.
visceral pleura is the serous membrane that lines each lung.
parietal pleura is the outer membrane attached to the inner suurface of thoracic cavity.
How is explicit knowledge different from tacit knowledgeSolutio.pdf
How is explicit knowledge different from tacit knowledge?
Solution
expelcit knowledge can be trasfered to other easily, what ever we knows and want to share others
we can. we can write it, we can speak it and we can draw it and make the opposite understand it.
on the other hand tacit knowledge is intuitive and unarticulated knowledge that cannot be
communicated, understood or used without the ‘knowing subject’. to understand this the subject
knowledge is required to the opposit people.
explecit knowledge can be learned by formal education, logical thinking and practical
experience, where as tacit knowledge can acquire through practical exeperience only..
How did printing technology impact literacy and education How d.pdf
How did printing technology impact literacy and education ?
How did printing technology impact literacy and education ?
Solution
Print culture embodies all forms of printed text and other printed forms of Visual
Communication. One prominent scholar in the field is Elizabeth Eisenstein, who contrasted print
culture, which appeared in Europe in the centuries after the advent of the Western printing press
to scribal culture.
Print culture is the conglomeration of effects on human society that is created by making printed
forms of communication. Print culture encompasses many stages as it has evolved in response to
technological advances. Print culture can first be studied from the period of time involving the
gradual movement from oration to script as it is the basis for print culture. As the printing
became commonplace, script became insufficient and printed documents were mass produced.
The era of physical print has had a lasting effect on human culture, but with the advent of digital
text, some scholars believe the printed word is becoming obsolete.
The advent of the printing press over five hundred years ago may be described as one of the few
major significant events in mankind’s history in terms of the greatest impact on literacy. Before
paper and print were invented, oral communication was the only method in which information
was gathered and distributed. Even though this bound the community together, it did not allow
the community to grow and there were no methods of accurately storing and retrieving
information. Further, if the community moved on or perished so did their historical records and
knowledge. Although the following technologies involved the written word in the form of
papyrus scrolls and manuscript codex as examples, it was still quite time consuming and limited
to the upper literate elite class of society. When the printing press was invented there was a shift
from the laborious manuscript making to the codex print allowing many copies of written work
to be quickly created, in turn providing greater access to information for all and providing the
framework for the gradual transformation of societal literacy.
The concept of printing was first conceived and developed in China and Korea. Although the
concept was conceived by the eastern nations, the first mechanized printing press was invented
by a German metalworker named Johann Gutenberg in 1452. Gutenberg did not invent the
printing press but rather conceived the idea of movable type which is actually an aggregation of
three distinct technologies utilized by humans for many centuries before Gutenberg (Jones
2007). This can be described as a form of remediation of previous communication technologies.
Bolter defines remediation when a, “newer medium takes place of an older one, borrowing and
reorganizing the characteristics of writing in the older medium and reforming its cultural space.”
(Bolter, 2001, p.23). Gutenberg combined the technologies of paper, viscous oil-based ink.
Could a violent video games make a person become a terrorist .pdf
Could a violent video games make a person become a terrorist ?
Could a violent video games make a person become a terrorist ?
Solution
If we the see the direct effect we can easily say no but the affects of violent video games have
been analyzed and it proves a person to a limit above normal which could instigate afeeling of
hatred and violence which could in extreme cases could lead a person to take extreme steps like
becoming a criminal or a terrorist. Long term exposure or addiction to such games could stir a
change in behaviour making the person used to anger and violence, leading to change in
behaviour in daily life and adopting actions of extreme nature..
For each of the four rows in Table 5.10-1, organize and combine the .pdf
For each of the four rows in Table 5.10-1, organize and combine the five columns of information
together into one-to-two paragraphs that explain them in an easy-to-read format.
Table 5.10-1:
Risk Factor
(and Reason for
Significance)
Metrics
(and How Collected)
Risk Reduction/
Prevention Plan
Contingency
Plan
Entrance
Criteria
1. Requirements
stability.
(More people and
organizations (e.g.,
Navy, NATO) involved
means more time, more
requirements, and
requirements. instability
which leads to
cost/schedule slippage)
Track number of
requirements: original,
new, changed, deleted
(Count new, changed, and
deleted requirements every
month vs. previous month
by automated tool which
reads requirements
database)
Report requirements
stability with
written estimated
impact assessment
to all parties every
month and baseline
(freeze)
requirements at
planned time in
schedule
Reduce
functionality to
meet cost and
schedule or
increase funds and
schedule to
include
new/changed
requirements
If number of
changed req.
and number of
new
requirements
per month
exceeds 4
2: New Technology
(Learning curves for
OOD design techniques
and Ada language by the
development team will
take time; compiler
maturity for target
hardware (PCs) is low)
Count staff members
qualified in each discipline
(When staff member gets
minimum score on
OOD/Ada test or meets
other objective criteria)
1) Provide technical
training in OOD and
Ada;
2) Use and enforce
design and coding
standards
Employ OOD/Ada
expert
consultant(s) to
assist development
If the design or
coding
milestones fall
behind
schedule by
more than
15%
3: Reliability of
support organizations.
(Non-delivery of
required hardware and/or
materials will directly
impact on our ability to
deliver the complete system)
Production, installation,
and test milestones of each
required outside element
(Milestone progress
reports from all critical
suppliers and vendors)
Provide a bonus
structure to each
vendor and supplier
that is delivering a
required item for
delivering on time
Identify alternative
vendors and
suppliers and
purchase spares as
backup
Delta time
threshold over
2 weeks past
scheduled
delivery date
4: Overall system
testability.
(No test facility exists
that matches the real
system from beginning
to end as it exists in the
field.)
Percentage of Interfaces
tested and verified as
correct (Overall system
interface requirements
tracked through bi-weekly
status reports until
complete)
Develop a simulator
and test environment
that replicates as
nearly as possible
the whole system,
especially the
interfaces
Move testing to
field sites
If any required
interfaces
cannot be
tested in a
simulator
environment
by their
milestone due date
Risk Factor
(and Reason for
Significance)
Metrics
(and How Collected)
Risk Reduction/
Prevention Plan
Contingency
Plan
Entrance
Criteria
1. Requirements
stability.
(More people and
organizations (e.g.,
Navy, NATO) involved
means more time, more
requirements, and
requirements. instability
which leads to
cos.
Applying change management theoryto discuss the integration ofone of.pdf
Applying change management theoryto discuss the integration ofone of the four types of
knowledge-based decision support systems
Solution
Change management and knowledge-based decision support systems to my mind are supposed to
play both supplementary and complementry roles in the development of decision making process
in almost all types of the organizations.
With the development of computers and emergence of Data based Management System
(DBMS), very many companies/ organizations underwent changes during 1950 and 1970 but
mostly at the lower level of management to cope up with the incresed level of transactions and
the subsequent couple of decades with the success of Decision Supports Systems (DSS) and
increasing use of internet forced the middle level management to pay attention to the crucial role
of Information Technology and its impact on the theories of change management. Middle level
of management has popularised the terms Executive information Systems (EIS), Management
Information Systems (MIS and Experts Systems (ES).
Currently all levels of management including top level management who is more resposible for
strategic planning, are talking about all types of knowledge-based decision support systems to be
integrated in so called Enterprise Resources Planning Systems (ERP).
The introduction of ERP, the ultimate of integration of all activities, tasks, procedures, processes,
rules regulations etc calls upon the Change management theories to come into play for the
success of ERP. It is required because ERP needs not only the integration of knowledge-based
decision support systems but being very much dynamic in nature needs change management
theories for its implementation..
Albinism in humans is inherited as a simple recessive trait. For the.pdf
Albinism in humans is inherited as a simple recessive trait. For the following families, determine
the most likely genotypes of the parents. A normal male and an albino female have six children,
three normal and three albino. What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?
a.male AA; female aa
b.male AA; female Aa
c.male Aa; female aa
d.male Aa; female Aa
Solution
c.male Aa; female aa
Albinism is a homozygous recessive trait. Assume that the gene coding for normal phenotype is
A and the gene coding for albinism is a (A is normal and A is dominant over a), albinism is
inherited by a homozygous recessive pattern (aa).
It is given that an unaffected male and an affected female had both normal and affected children.
Means, the children receive one recessive allele from the mother and the other from the father.
Thus, the father is heterozygous (Aa) and the mother is homozygous recessive (aa)..
Exercise 3 Cell Structure Name Tacabac 1. Cells in the body have a fl.pdf
Exercise 3 Cell Structure Name Tacabac 1. Cells in the body have a fluid surrounding them.
What is the name of this fluid? 2. The cytoplasm has a liquid portion. What is it called? 3. What
structure in a cell is mostly composed of a phospholipid bilayer? 4. Which organelle is
responsible for ATP production? 5. Which organelle makes protein and lipids? 6. Which
organelle in the cell has cristae? 7. Which organelle directs the activity of the cell and contains
most of the genetic information of the co 8. Which cellular structure is responsible for ribosome
production?
Solution
Extracellular fluid
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Nucleus.
Does isoforms have do do anything with transcription and translat.pdf
Does isoforms have do do anything with transcription and translation?
Does isoforms have do do anything with transcription and translation?
Solution
isoforms are two similar proteins which have different amino acid sequence, even though they
have similar functions. they paly major roles in transcription and translation by acting in splicing,
initiation of translation and also in promoter usage..
discuss the evolutionary significance of bilateral symmetry, cephali.pdf
discuss the evolutionary significance of bilateral symmetry, cephalization, and triploblasty
Solution
BILATERAL SYMMETRY-The evolutionary significance of it is , bilateral symmetry is a
feature of most of the vertebrae. bilateral symmetry contribute to the development of complex
central nervous system such as spinal cord and vast network of nerves in the brain. it also help in
sensory organ development. this characters make us superior from other species.
CEPHALIZATION- THE evolutionary significance of it is the development of brain which
becomes more complex and co-ordinated. other advantage is, thevconcentration of sense organs
at the front of the body and the close proximity of the mouth to sense organs.
TRIPLOBLASTY- the germ layers are evidence of slowly adapting layersof developmental
control during embryogenesis. the different cell work togeather on one job within an organised
higher order structure. tissue share a common cellular origin in embryogenesis..
Compare the best-case time complexities of Exchange Sort and Inserti.pdf
Compare the best-case time complexities of Exchange Sort and Insertion Sort
Solution
When the list is already sorted (best-case), the complexity of exchange sort(bubble sort) and
insertion sort are only O(n).AlgorithmData Structurebest-case time complexities1Exchange Sort
or Bubble SortArrayO(n)2Insertion SortArrayO(n).
When we test your Fraction.java we will use the given FractionTester.pdf
When we test your Fraction.java we will use the given FractionTester.java file.
Add the following methods to the given Fraction.java file
-public Fraction add( Fraction other) returns a Fraction that is the sum of the two Fractions.
-public Fraction subtract( Fraction other) returns a Fraction that is the difference between this
Fraction minus the other Fraction.
-public Fraction multiply( Fraction other) returns a Fraction that is the product of the two
Fractions.
-public Fraction divide( Fraction other) returns a Fraction that is the quotient of the two
Fractions.
-public Fraction reciprocal() returns a Fraction that is the reciprocal of this Fractions.
-private void reduce() Does not return a Fraction. It just modifies this Fraction by reducing it to
its lowest form.
Every Fraction must reduce at all times. Every new fraction constructed it must be reduced
before the constructor exits. No Fraction at any time may be stored in a form other than its
reduced form.
/* Fraction.java A class (data type) definition file
This file just defines what a Fraction is
This file is NOT a program
** data members are PRIVATE
** method members are PUBLIC
*/
public class Fraction
{
private int numer;
private int denom;
// ACCESSORS
public int getNumer()
{
return numer;
}
public int getDenom()
{
return denom;
}
public String toString()
{
return numer + \"/\" + denom;
}
// MUTATORS
public void setNumer( int n )
{
numer = n;
}
public void setDenom( int d )
{
if (d!=0)
denom=d;
else
{
// error msg OR exception OR exit etc.
}
}
// DEFAULT CONSTRUCTOR - no args passed in
public Fraction( )
{
this( 0, 1 ); // \"this\" means call a fellow constructor
}
// 1 arg CONSTRUCTOR - 1 arg passed in
// assume user wants whole number
public Fraction( int n )
{
this( n, 1 ); // \"this\" means call a fellow constructor
}
// FULL CONSTRUCTOR - an arg for each class data member
public Fraction( int n, int d )
{
setNumer(n);
setDenom(d);
// call your reduce here
}
// COPY CONSTRUCTOR - takes ref to some already initialized Fraction object
public Fraction( Fraction other )
{
this( other.numer, other.denom ); // call my full C\'Tor with other Fraction\'s data
}
private void reduce()
{
// reduces this fraction to lowest form
}
}// EOF
JavaTester file
Solution
/* Fraction.java A class (data type) definition file
This file just defines what a Fraction is
This file is NOT a program
** data members are PRIVATE
** method members are PUBLIC
*/
public class Fraction {
private int numer;
private int denom;
// ACCESSORS
public int getNumer() {
return numer;
}
public int getDenom() {
return denom;
}
public String toString() {
return numer + \"/\" + denom;
}
// MUTATORS
public void setNumer(int n) {
numer = n;
}
public void setDenom(int d) {
if (d != 0)
denom = d;
else {
// error msg OR exception OR exit etc.
}
}
// DEFAULT CONSTRUCTOR - no args passed in
public Fraction() {
this(0, 1); // \"this\" means call a fellow constructor
}
// 1 arg CONSTRUCTOR - 1 arg passed in
// assume user wants who.
What are transposons How have they been exploited for bacterial gen.pdf
What are transposons? How have they been exploited for bacterial genetic research?
Solution
The discrete genetic elements of pathogens such as bacteriophages, \"transposons\" & conjugate
plasmids that integrated into the host cell genome via horizontal gene transfer finally become
more recombinant to generate virulence of pathogen. The hypothesis of this phenomenon is to
acquire higher resistance towards host defense system by increasing “pathogen virulence factor
synthesis”. This acquisition of genomic integration of conjugate plasmid or “transposon” is
useful to obtain knowledge about the pathogen nature & pathogen interaction with host cell
finally enables to synthesize vaccines via bacterial genetic research etc.
Horizontal gene transfer takes place between bacteria by transferring plasmids and transposons
to transfer both pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance properties carrying genes to non-
pathogenic, antibiotic-susceptible bacteria..
A population of 1000 dung beetles was split into live populations whe.pdf
A population of 1000 dung beetles was split into live populations when irrigation canals were
built through their habitat. The five new populations were called the Northern, Southern,
Southern, Eastern, Western, and Central populations. Each new population consisted of about
200 individuals. The five populations continued to evolve, and n migration occurred among
populations. One hundred generations later, each population still has about 200 individuals, and a
biology Each population would probably have fewer allies that is, versions of gones than it
would have had 100 generations ago. Agree Disagree Each population would probably gain
new mutations through genetic drift. Agree Desagree Would\'s biologist agree ordisagree with
the following statements In the smaller populations of 20 individuals, the processes leading to
genetic crift could have a stroger influence on a gene than natural selection Agree Disagree
Chance survical of some individulas occurmed in some generations, but no every generation.
Agree Disagree All species of during beetles lay their eggs in bells in during Long lege allow
the beetles to create better during balls which improves reproductive success. Long legs were
common before the canals were bult. However, after the populations were separated became less
common in the most southern population. Would the biologist agree or disagree with the
following explanations An increase in the proportion of beetles with short legs occurred because
natural selection favored individuals with shorter legs. Agree Disagree Since there was no
migration there could be no genetic drift. Agree Disagree A disorder that causes
nearsightedness is caused by a genetic multaion. Nearsighledness was harmful to people living
on a small island because the island. Before the storm, 0.1 % of the people had this disorder. Of
the 50 people who survived the storm, 2% were nearshigted. Within a few generations, 10% of
the islanders were nearsighted. Nearsightedness must have become more common thought
natural selection. Agree Disagree Near-sightedness must have become more common though
people migrating from neighboring islands. Agree Disagree Nearsighledriess must common
through migrating from neighboring islards. Agree Disagree Nearsighteclness must have
become more common through new mutations. Agree Disagree
Solution
Answer 12- Agreed to this statement as greater variation will occur due to mutation, climatic and
environmental changes over a long period of time. So only few adaptic variation were found
among five population.
Answer 13-Agreed . Yes number of alleles will remain same .
Answer 14-Agreed. Variation may occur through long time gap. Genetic drift will cause
mutation and result in variation among 5 population.
Answer 15- Agreed. As genetic drift will have more influence than natural selection as it a
slower process than genitic drift.
Answer 16- Agreed. Similar features existed among these population , so number of death of
individual remai.
Which of these sentences are TRUE in Java Select all that apply, You.pdf
Which of these sentences are TRUE in Java? Select all that apply, You can create an instance of
an Interface Given a class, you can extend multiple classes Given a class, you can implement
multiple interfaces You can add a default behavior to an Abstract method
Solution
-3) given class we can implement multiple interfaces
Is true
Only one option is true
- 1) is false we can create only interface reference variable
2) we cannot extend multiple classes
4) no behavior should be in abstract method.
Which of the following is a stated principle of a NYSE report identi.pdf
Which of the following is a stated principle of a NYSE report identifying key core governance
principles?
Members of the Board of Directors should be primarily independent members.
Effective corporate governance should be viewed as a compliance obligation.
Effective corporate governance should be integrated with the company’s business strategy.
The Board of Directors has the primary responsibility for creating a culture of integrity and
ethical behavior.
Solution
Ans: option c
Reason : ONE OF THE 10 KEY GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLE STATED IN NYSE REPORT
STATED THAT effective corporate governance should be taken as integrated business strategy
rather than a compliance obligation..
Why do some elderly take B12 sublingually or transdermally Provide .pdf
Why do some elderly take B12 sublingually or transdermally? Provide a detailed answer with
research to back it up. Cite your source.
Solution
The oral route of administration of vitamin -B12 (cynacobalamin) has poor absorption rates in
older senior citizens during the treatment of pernicious anemia whereas intramuscular route of
administration is going to cause severe pain finally inflammation or wound, which is likely take
longer time to heal (if they have diabetes). So that it is essential to provide them sublingual
tablets or transdermal B12 patches to provide them a better absorption into direct \"blood
transport\". This is because sublingual route has associated with direct exposure of blood
capillaries so that promotes easy absorption.
Why is water a more hospitable environment for life than dry land O.pdf
Why is water a more hospitable environment for life than dry land? Osmotic balance is not a
problem Gravity is not a problem. Sperm can meet egg easily in water. Oxygen is more
available in water. B and C only. Angiosperms disperse their seeds by producing seeds. Fleshy
edible fruits that are consumed by animals which defecate the Seeds that sometimes attach to
animals. Seeds that catch the wind. All of the choices are correct. None of the choices are
correct. Tracheal system for gas exchange is found in which organism? Crustacean Earthworm.
Insect. Jellyfish. Vertebrate What is a radula? A flexible supportive rod on the dorsal surface
of chordates. A stinging cell used by sea anemones to capture prey. A locomotory structure in
sea stars. A spiny ribbon of tissues used for feeding in snails. A gas exchange structure in
insects. Which of the following adaptations allowed reptiles to complete their life cycles on
land? Lungs. Endothermic metabolism. An amniotic egg. Four legs. Pack behavior. What
class of the phylum Cnidarian occurs only as a polyp? Hydrozoa. Scyphozoan. Anthozoa.
Only A are correct. A, B, and Care correct.
Solution
The third option is correct. Water is a good source for pollination or spreading of gametes.
The option D is correct. Angiosperms are evolved advanced and have various types of
pollination system. This helps the greater availability of them.
The option C is correct. Insects have advance type of tracheal based respiratory system.
The option D is correct. Radula is a hard anatomical structure used for feeding by scraping or
cutting food. This is characteristic of Mollusca phylum.
The option A is correct. Lungs are importantly developed in reptiles to live in land.
The option D is correct. Hydrozoa a class of Cnidaria are always polyp..
Which of the following triploblastic invertebrates is incorrectly ma.pdf
Which of the following triploblastic invertebrates is incorrectly matched with the type of body
cavity it possesses?
a) Pseudocoelomate - Flatworm
b) Coelomate - Annelida
c) Acoelomate - Platyhelminthe
d) Pseudocoelomate - Nematoda
e) Coelomate - Earthworm
Solution
Answer: a) Pseudocoelomate - Flatworm
Reason:
Trematodes:
Flatworm are coelomates and trematodes are belongs to flatworms & triploblastic with a true
body cavity but not a pseudocoelom
These are flatworms and living as internal parasites inside the molluscans, some vertebrates. The
life cycle involves two hosts as described below..
What is the fundamental difference between shell subscript and C prog.pdf
What is the fundamental difference between shell subscript and C programs? Shell scripts must
be compiled before execution, but C programs are interpreted \"on the fly\" Shell scripts must
have their executable permissions turned on, but C programs do not need this. Shell scripts can
be graphical, but C programs cannot be so. Shell script source code is interpreted \"on the fly\".
but C programs must be compiled before execution. A value passed to a shell script from the
command line is called a(n) variable value $1 argument
Solution
Q 34
Shell script source code is interpreted on the fly but C programs must be compiled before
execution.
35
A value passed to a shell script from the command line
Is called
argument.
What effect would an increase in population size likely have on the .pdf
What effect would an increase in population size likely have on the linkage map?
What effect would including additional marker data have on the linkage map?
Solution
Ans: a) According to Burr and Burr (1991), the choice of the population type for genetic
mapping might have important consequences concerning the efficiency and utility of the genetic
information. Hanson (1959) and Liu (1998) demonstrate that a given population size affects the
power to detect linkage as well as the estimate and accuracy of the recombination frequency. i.e.,
Increased populations can exert an influence on the accuracy of genetic maps. As the accuracy of
a genetic linkage map was heavily influenced by population size a more robust, high-density
genetic linkage map with adequate genetic information for QTL analysis is possible.
The higher the number of individuals, the more precise would be the map
Choice of population size happens due to the excessive work and costs associated with
phenotyping and genotyping in large populations.
When the main focus is the detection of QTL, the size of the mapped population may be
determined by the gene effect to be detected as well as the type of population.
The resolution of the mapped QTL depends more on the size of the mapped population and less
on to the effect of the QTL.
Ans b: Construction of linkage maps is crucial for genetic studies and marker-assisted breeding
programs. Recent advances in next generation sequencing technologies allow for the generation
of high-density linkage maps, especially in non-model species lacking extensive genomic
resources.
With the used of additional marker data on the linkage map, a more number of highly densed
linkage maps can be constructed. Therefore, the linkage map (also known as a genetic map) that
shows the position of its known genes or genetic markers relative to each other in terms of
recombination frequency, rather than a specific physical distance along each chromosome. Ie.,
Genetic maps help researchers to locate other markers, such as other genes by testing for genetic
linkage of the already known marker
Higher resolution maps, with more markers, must be generated and such high-resolution maps
will provide researchers with a range of recombination frequencies across a 1–2-cM interval, and
thus, at best, researchers could expect to predict an upper and lower range of N, not the precise
number. To improve the robustness (reproducibility) of R-map frequencies, genetic maps must
be generated based on sampling hundreds to thousands of progeny rather than only 100–200
individuals..
What are abstract classes Dont interfaces also allow for polymo.pdf
What are abstract classes?
Don\'t interfaces also allow for polymorphism? If so, what is the difference between abstract
classes and interfaces? Which would you choose when?
Solution
(i)
Abstract class:
abstract class is a class that is declared abstract.
-It may include or may not include abstract method.
-It can be subclassed ,but cannot be instantiated.
-A abstract method is a method that is declared without an implementation.
e.g abstract void drive1()
If a class includes abstract methods,then the class declare itself as abstract.
e.g
public abstract class DriveCar {
abstract void drive1();
}
(ii)
Interface allow polymorphism.It formalize polymorphism.
If two elements realizes the same interface,then only these are polymorphic w.r.t a set of
behaviors .
It gives good description of working of polymorphism & allows us to define polymorphism in a
declarative way.
(iii)
Difference between abstract classes & interfaces:
It can extent only one class or one abstract class at a time.
It can have abstract and non-abstract methods.
(iv)
We would use abstract class in the following scenerio:
(i)When we want to use inheritance as it provides a common base class implementation to
derived classes.
(ii)When we want to declare non-public method as Interface has all methods as public only.
(iii)When we want to add methods in future because if you add a method to interface,then all of
the classes that are already implemented ,needed to be changed.
We would use interface in the following scenerio:
Interface is used when we need to implement multiple inheritance.Abstract ClassInterface
It can extent only one class or one abstract class at a time.
It can extent any number of interfaces at a time.
It can have abstract and non-abstract methods.
It can have only abstract methods.It can have protected ,public abstract methods.It can have only
public abstract method.abstract keyword is used to declare it.interface keyword is used to declare
itA class can extent only one abstract class.
A class can implement any number of interfacesIt can be inherited by a class or an abstract class.
It can be extended only by interfaces.Classes has to implement them instead of extend.
It can have static methods,main methodds and constructor.
It can\'t have static methods,main methodds and constructor..
Migration does not result in O populations becoming more genetically .pdf
Migration does not result in O populations becoming more genetically similar O an eventual
equilibrium of allele frequencies in all populations involved in migration O more genetic
variation between populations O gene flow between populations. O more genetic variation
within populations
Solution
1. Migration does not result in -
Answer: more genetical variation between population..
The hippocampus is connected by the fornix and the perforant path.pdf
The hippocampus is \"connected\" by the fornix and the perforant path to two areas of the brain
which are descriptively named. Identify these areas and indicate the derivation of the
nomenclature. Indicate the type of neural structure to which each is assigned (e.g. striate-cortex=
neocortex). What function is the hippocampus involved in? How might these connections
particularly help mediate this function? Briefly outline the direction of the connections. Describe
how the shape of the thalamus (diencephalon) and brainstem reflect the presence of impinging
cortical structures along the antero-posterior axis. Describe the difference between sheep and
human brains.
Solution
6.The two parts are the posterior part of hippocampus and and the presynaptic part of the
perforant path.
The hippocampus is defined as a a small organ.This organ is usually present within the brain\'s
medial temporal lobe.Moreover it usually forms a very important part of the limbic system.The
main function of this the region is to regulate emotions.It also plays a very important role in the
process of spatial navigation
.The following are the connections involved.The hippocampus is usually a banana-shaped
structure which is present within the temporal lobe and , The main input comes from the part
which is called adjacent entorhinal cortex and on the other hand the the majority of the output is
sent out through the region called as the subiculum.
7.The shape of thalamus and brainstem reflects the presence of impringing cortcial structures
along the antero-posterior axis becase these two usually involves the global cortical effects of
both theta and ripple oscillations.They also include the the anatomical pathways which helps to
link the hippocampus and midline thalamus .This includes the subiculum and entorhinal
cortex,.As a result it results in the functional connectivity between these networks during the
given oscillatory activity.
The difference between sheep and human brain is that a human brain has a rounded shape while
the sheep’s brain is usually elongated.Moreover The olfactory bulb which is present in both is
comparatively larger in the sheep’s brain and it is smaller in the human brain..
Tom is colorblind, but his wife Mary is not. Their son is colorblind..pdf
Tom is colorblind, but his wife Mary is not. Their son is colorblind. Colorblindness is a sex-
linked trait. Tom\'s wife is Select one; Homozygous for colorblindness Homozygous for
normal vision or heterozygous for normal vision. Homozygous for normal vision. Heterozygous
for normal vision.
Solution
Heterozygous for normal vision
X-linked color blindness is a recessive trait. Tom’s wife is heterozygous for this trait have
normal vision. Females heterozygous for this trait have normal vision. The color perception
defect manifests itself in Tom’s wife only when it is inherited from both parents. By contrast,
Tom inherit their single X-chromosome from their mothers and become color blind if this X-
chromosome has the color perception defect.
The text (The Art of Enterprise Information Architecture) introduces.pdf
The text (The Art of Enterprise Information Architecture) introduces Business Performance
Management and implicit to that discussion are Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Why are
KPIs important in the context of enterprise architecture? What TWPs are likely to reflect or be
impacted by KPIs?
Solution
Answer:-
Key Performance Indicator (KPI) :
1) A Key Performance Indicator is a measurable value that demonstrates how effectively a
company is achieving key business objectives. Organizations use KPIs to evaluate their success
at reaching targets.
2) Selecting the right KPIs will depend on your industry and which part of the business you are
looking to track. Each department will use different KPI types to measure success based on
specific business goals and targets. Find out what types of key performance indicators are
relevant to your department industry or role Types of KPIs.
3) Once you’ve selected your key business metrics, you will want to track these KPIs in a real-
time reporting tool.
4) KPI tracking can be done using dashboard software, giving your entire organization insights
into your current performance.
KPI software :
KPI software enables businesses to create, manage and analyze data from KPIs . The software
allows organisations to enter their data into one specially designed system, or connect external
services for faster and more accurate data collection.
This type of software allows businesses to visualize and comprehend data from a number of
KPIs that represent different areas of a business, all in one place. Companies benefit from KPI
software through faster and more accurate data collection, instant reports on performance, and
alerts when a KPI is over or under achieving.
KPI Software centralizes businesses data, while simplifying real-time reporting to always give
them a competitive edge. KPI Software increases data visibility as when it is in the cloud it is
mobile.
Business Metrics :
A Business Metric is a quantifiable measure that is used to track and assess the status of a
specific business process. Every area of business has specific metrics that should be monitored
marketing metrics can include tracking campaign and program statistics while sales metrics .
KPI Reports and Dashboards:
To be useful KPIs need to be monitored and reported on if they change in real-time, they should
be monitored in real-time. Dashboards are the perfect tool for your KPI reports as they can be
used to visually depict the performance of an enterprise, a specific department, or a key business
operation.
Measuring and monitoring business performance :
There are six factors that separate effective, value creating KPIs from detrimental, value
diminishing KPIs. The right KPIs for your business should follow these KPI best practices:
1) Aligned - Make sure the KPIs your are choosing align with the strategic goals and objectives
of your organization.
2) Attainable - The KPIs you choose to measure should have data that can be easily obtained.
3) Acut.
1. Which two types of DNA are commonly used to trace ancestrySo.pdf
1. Which two types of DNA are commonly used to trace ancestry?
Solution
DNA in the cell exist in the form of Chromosomes. These chromosomes are categorized into
Autosomes and allosomes. X and Y chromosomes are allosomes or Sex chromosomes. Among
sex chromosomes, Y chromosome show s uniparental inheritance I.e from father to son only, not
to daughter.
Similarly mitochondrial DNA also uniparenta. I.e we got mitochondrial Dna only from mother.
So Y chromosome DNA and Mitochondrial DNA are used extensively for Ancestray studies.
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of Labour
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
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Exercise 3 Cell Structure Name Tacabac 1. Cells in the body have a fl.pdf
Exercise 3 Cell Structure Name Tacabac 1. Cells in the body have a fluid surrounding them.
What is the name of this fluid? 2. The cytoplasm has a liquid portion. What is it called? 3. What
structure in a cell is mostly composed of a phospholipid bilayer? 4. Which organelle is
responsible for ATP production? 5. Which organelle makes protein and lipids? 6. Which
organelle in the cell has cristae? 7. Which organelle directs the activity of the cell and contains
most of the genetic information of the co 8. Which cellular structure is responsible for ribosome
production?
Solution
Extracellular fluid
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Nucleus.
Does isoforms have do do anything with transcription and translat.pdf
Does isoforms have do do anything with transcription and translation?
Does isoforms have do do anything with transcription and translation?
Solution
isoforms are two similar proteins which have different amino acid sequence, even though they
have similar functions. they paly major roles in transcription and translation by acting in splicing,
initiation of translation and also in promoter usage..
discuss the evolutionary significance of bilateral symmetry, cephali.pdf
discuss the evolutionary significance of bilateral symmetry, cephalization, and triploblasty
Solution
BILATERAL SYMMETRY-The evolutionary significance of it is , bilateral symmetry is a
feature of most of the vertebrae. bilateral symmetry contribute to the development of complex
central nervous system such as spinal cord and vast network of nerves in the brain. it also help in
sensory organ development. this characters make us superior from other species.
CEPHALIZATION- THE evolutionary significance of it is the development of brain which
becomes more complex and co-ordinated. other advantage is, thevconcentration of sense organs
at the front of the body and the close proximity of the mouth to sense organs.
TRIPLOBLASTY- the germ layers are evidence of slowly adapting layersof developmental
control during embryogenesis. the different cell work togeather on one job within an organised
higher order structure. tissue share a common cellular origin in embryogenesis..
Compare the best-case time complexities of Exchange Sort and Inserti.pdf
Compare the best-case time complexities of Exchange Sort and Insertion Sort
Solution
When the list is already sorted (best-case), the complexity of exchange sort(bubble sort) and
insertion sort are only O(n).AlgorithmData Structurebest-case time complexities1Exchange Sort
or Bubble SortArrayO(n)2Insertion SortArrayO(n).
When we test your Fraction.java we will use the given FractionTester.pdf
When we test your Fraction.java we will use the given FractionTester.java file.
Add the following methods to the given Fraction.java file
-public Fraction add( Fraction other) returns a Fraction that is the sum of the two Fractions.
-public Fraction subtract( Fraction other) returns a Fraction that is the difference between this
Fraction minus the other Fraction.
-public Fraction multiply( Fraction other) returns a Fraction that is the product of the two
Fractions.
-public Fraction divide( Fraction other) returns a Fraction that is the quotient of the two
Fractions.
-public Fraction reciprocal() returns a Fraction that is the reciprocal of this Fractions.
-private void reduce() Does not return a Fraction. It just modifies this Fraction by reducing it to
its lowest form.
Every Fraction must reduce at all times. Every new fraction constructed it must be reduced
before the constructor exits. No Fraction at any time may be stored in a form other than its
reduced form.
/* Fraction.java A class (data type) definition file
This file just defines what a Fraction is
This file is NOT a program
** data members are PRIVATE
** method members are PUBLIC
*/
public class Fraction
{
private int numer;
private int denom;
// ACCESSORS
public int getNumer()
{
return numer;
}
public int getDenom()
{
return denom;
}
public String toString()
{
return numer + \"/\" + denom;
}
// MUTATORS
public void setNumer( int n )
{
numer = n;
}
public void setDenom( int d )
{
if (d!=0)
denom=d;
else
{
// error msg OR exception OR exit etc.
}
}
// DEFAULT CONSTRUCTOR - no args passed in
public Fraction( )
{
this( 0, 1 ); // \"this\" means call a fellow constructor
}
// 1 arg CONSTRUCTOR - 1 arg passed in
// assume user wants whole number
public Fraction( int n )
{
this( n, 1 ); // \"this\" means call a fellow constructor
}
// FULL CONSTRUCTOR - an arg for each class data member
public Fraction( int n, int d )
{
setNumer(n);
setDenom(d);
// call your reduce here
}
// COPY CONSTRUCTOR - takes ref to some already initialized Fraction object
public Fraction( Fraction other )
{
this( other.numer, other.denom ); // call my full C\'Tor with other Fraction\'s data
}
private void reduce()
{
// reduces this fraction to lowest form
}
}// EOF
JavaTester file
Solution
/* Fraction.java A class (data type) definition file
This file just defines what a Fraction is
This file is NOT a program
** data members are PRIVATE
** method members are PUBLIC
*/
public class Fraction {
private int numer;
private int denom;
// ACCESSORS
public int getNumer() {
return numer;
}
public int getDenom() {
return denom;
}
public String toString() {
return numer + \"/\" + denom;
}
// MUTATORS
public void setNumer(int n) {
numer = n;
}
public void setDenom(int d) {
if (d != 0)
denom = d;
else {
// error msg OR exception OR exit etc.
}
}
// DEFAULT CONSTRUCTOR - no args passed in
public Fraction() {
this(0, 1); // \"this\" means call a fellow constructor
}
// 1 arg CONSTRUCTOR - 1 arg passed in
// assume user wants who.
What are transposons How have they been exploited for bacterial gen.pdf
What are transposons? How have they been exploited for bacterial genetic research?
Solution
The discrete genetic elements of pathogens such as bacteriophages, \"transposons\" & conjugate
plasmids that integrated into the host cell genome via horizontal gene transfer finally become
more recombinant to generate virulence of pathogen. The hypothesis of this phenomenon is to
acquire higher resistance towards host defense system by increasing “pathogen virulence factor
synthesis”. This acquisition of genomic integration of conjugate plasmid or “transposon” is
useful to obtain knowledge about the pathogen nature & pathogen interaction with host cell
finally enables to synthesize vaccines via bacterial genetic research etc.
Horizontal gene transfer takes place between bacteria by transferring plasmids and transposons
to transfer both pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance properties carrying genes to non-
pathogenic, antibiotic-susceptible bacteria..
A population of 1000 dung beetles was split into live populations whe.pdf
A population of 1000 dung beetles was split into live populations when irrigation canals were
built through their habitat. The five new populations were called the Northern, Southern,
Southern, Eastern, Western, and Central populations. Each new population consisted of about
200 individuals. The five populations continued to evolve, and n migration occurred among
populations. One hundred generations later, each population still has about 200 individuals, and a
biology Each population would probably have fewer allies that is, versions of gones than it
would have had 100 generations ago. Agree Disagree Each population would probably gain
new mutations through genetic drift. Agree Desagree Would\'s biologist agree ordisagree with
the following statements In the smaller populations of 20 individuals, the processes leading to
genetic crift could have a stroger influence on a gene than natural selection Agree Disagree
Chance survical of some individulas occurmed in some generations, but no every generation.
Agree Disagree All species of during beetles lay their eggs in bells in during Long lege allow
the beetles to create better during balls which improves reproductive success. Long legs were
common before the canals were bult. However, after the populations were separated became less
common in the most southern population. Would the biologist agree or disagree with the
following explanations An increase in the proportion of beetles with short legs occurred because
natural selection favored individuals with shorter legs. Agree Disagree Since there was no
migration there could be no genetic drift. Agree Disagree A disorder that causes
nearsightedness is caused by a genetic multaion. Nearsighledness was harmful to people living
on a small island because the island. Before the storm, 0.1 % of the people had this disorder. Of
the 50 people who survived the storm, 2% were nearshigted. Within a few generations, 10% of
the islanders were nearsighted. Nearsightedness must have become more common thought
natural selection. Agree Disagree Near-sightedness must have become more common though
people migrating from neighboring islands. Agree Disagree Nearsighledriess must common
through migrating from neighboring islards. Agree Disagree Nearsighteclness must have
become more common through new mutations. Agree Disagree
Solution
Answer 12- Agreed to this statement as greater variation will occur due to mutation, climatic and
environmental changes over a long period of time. So only few adaptic variation were found
among five population.
Answer 13-Agreed . Yes number of alleles will remain same .
Answer 14-Agreed. Variation may occur through long time gap. Genetic drift will cause
mutation and result in variation among 5 population.
Answer 15- Agreed. As genetic drift will have more influence than natural selection as it a
slower process than genitic drift.
Answer 16- Agreed. Similar features existed among these population , so number of death of
individual remai.
Which of these sentences are TRUE in Java Select all that apply, You.pdf
Which of these sentences are TRUE in Java? Select all that apply, You can create an instance of
an Interface Given a class, you can extend multiple classes Given a class, you can implement
multiple interfaces You can add a default behavior to an Abstract method
Solution
-3) given class we can implement multiple interfaces
Is true
Only one option is true
- 1) is false we can create only interface reference variable
2) we cannot extend multiple classes
4) no behavior should be in abstract method.
Which of the following is a stated principle of a NYSE report identi.pdf
Which of the following is a stated principle of a NYSE report identifying key core governance
principles?
Members of the Board of Directors should be primarily independent members.
Effective corporate governance should be viewed as a compliance obligation.
Effective corporate governance should be integrated with the company’s business strategy.
The Board of Directors has the primary responsibility for creating a culture of integrity and
ethical behavior.
Solution
Ans: option c
Reason : ONE OF THE 10 KEY GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLE STATED IN NYSE REPORT
STATED THAT effective corporate governance should be taken as integrated business strategy
rather than a compliance obligation..
Why do some elderly take B12 sublingually or transdermally Provide .pdf
Why do some elderly take B12 sublingually or transdermally? Provide a detailed answer with
research to back it up. Cite your source.
Solution
The oral route of administration of vitamin -B12 (cynacobalamin) has poor absorption rates in
older senior citizens during the treatment of pernicious anemia whereas intramuscular route of
administration is going to cause severe pain finally inflammation or wound, which is likely take
longer time to heal (if they have diabetes). So that it is essential to provide them sublingual
tablets or transdermal B12 patches to provide them a better absorption into direct \"blood
transport\". This is because sublingual route has associated with direct exposure of blood
capillaries so that promotes easy absorption.
Why is water a more hospitable environment for life than dry land O.pdf
Why is water a more hospitable environment for life than dry land? Osmotic balance is not a
problem Gravity is not a problem. Sperm can meet egg easily in water. Oxygen is more
available in water. B and C only. Angiosperms disperse their seeds by producing seeds. Fleshy
edible fruits that are consumed by animals which defecate the Seeds that sometimes attach to
animals. Seeds that catch the wind. All of the choices are correct. None of the choices are
correct. Tracheal system for gas exchange is found in which organism? Crustacean Earthworm.
Insect. Jellyfish. Vertebrate What is a radula? A flexible supportive rod on the dorsal surface
of chordates. A stinging cell used by sea anemones to capture prey. A locomotory structure in
sea stars. A spiny ribbon of tissues used for feeding in snails. A gas exchange structure in
insects. Which of the following adaptations allowed reptiles to complete their life cycles on
land? Lungs. Endothermic metabolism. An amniotic egg. Four legs. Pack behavior. What
class of the phylum Cnidarian occurs only as a polyp? Hydrozoa. Scyphozoan. Anthozoa.
Only A are correct. A, B, and Care correct.
Solution
The third option is correct. Water is a good source for pollination or spreading of gametes.
The option D is correct. Angiosperms are evolved advanced and have various types of
pollination system. This helps the greater availability of them.
The option C is correct. Insects have advance type of tracheal based respiratory system.
The option D is correct. Radula is a hard anatomical structure used for feeding by scraping or
cutting food. This is characteristic of Mollusca phylum.
The option A is correct. Lungs are importantly developed in reptiles to live in land.
The option D is correct. Hydrozoa a class of Cnidaria are always polyp..
Which of the following triploblastic invertebrates is incorrectly ma.pdf
Which of the following triploblastic invertebrates is incorrectly matched with the type of body
cavity it possesses?
a) Pseudocoelomate - Flatworm
b) Coelomate - Annelida
c) Acoelomate - Platyhelminthe
d) Pseudocoelomate - Nematoda
e) Coelomate - Earthworm
Solution
Answer: a) Pseudocoelomate - Flatworm
Reason:
Trematodes:
Flatworm are coelomates and trematodes are belongs to flatworms & triploblastic with a true
body cavity but not a pseudocoelom
These are flatworms and living as internal parasites inside the molluscans, some vertebrates. The
life cycle involves two hosts as described below..
What is the fundamental difference between shell subscript and C prog.pdf
What is the fundamental difference between shell subscript and C programs? Shell scripts must
be compiled before execution, but C programs are interpreted \"on the fly\" Shell scripts must
have their executable permissions turned on, but C programs do not need this. Shell scripts can
be graphical, but C programs cannot be so. Shell script source code is interpreted \"on the fly\".
but C programs must be compiled before execution. A value passed to a shell script from the
command line is called a(n) variable value $1 argument
Solution
Q 34
Shell script source code is interpreted on the fly but C programs must be compiled before
execution.
35
A value passed to a shell script from the command line
Is called
argument.
What effect would an increase in population size likely have on the .pdf
What effect would an increase in population size likely have on the linkage map?
What effect would including additional marker data have on the linkage map?
Solution
Ans: a) According to Burr and Burr (1991), the choice of the population type for genetic
mapping might have important consequences concerning the efficiency and utility of the genetic
information. Hanson (1959) and Liu (1998) demonstrate that a given population size affects the
power to detect linkage as well as the estimate and accuracy of the recombination frequency. i.e.,
Increased populations can exert an influence on the accuracy of genetic maps. As the accuracy of
a genetic linkage map was heavily influenced by population size a more robust, high-density
genetic linkage map with adequate genetic information for QTL analysis is possible.
The higher the number of individuals, the more precise would be the map
Choice of population size happens due to the excessive work and costs associated with
phenotyping and genotyping in large populations.
When the main focus is the detection of QTL, the size of the mapped population may be
determined by the gene effect to be detected as well as the type of population.
The resolution of the mapped QTL depends more on the size of the mapped population and less
on to the effect of the QTL.
Ans b: Construction of linkage maps is crucial for genetic studies and marker-assisted breeding
programs. Recent advances in next generation sequencing technologies allow for the generation
of high-density linkage maps, especially in non-model species lacking extensive genomic
resources.
With the used of additional marker data on the linkage map, a more number of highly densed
linkage maps can be constructed. Therefore, the linkage map (also known as a genetic map) that
shows the position of its known genes or genetic markers relative to each other in terms of
recombination frequency, rather than a specific physical distance along each chromosome. Ie.,
Genetic maps help researchers to locate other markers, such as other genes by testing for genetic
linkage of the already known marker
Higher resolution maps, with more markers, must be generated and such high-resolution maps
will provide researchers with a range of recombination frequencies across a 1–2-cM interval, and
thus, at best, researchers could expect to predict an upper and lower range of N, not the precise
number. To improve the robustness (reproducibility) of R-map frequencies, genetic maps must
be generated based on sampling hundreds to thousands of progeny rather than only 100–200
individuals..
What are abstract classes Dont interfaces also allow for polymo.pdf
What are abstract classes?
Don\'t interfaces also allow for polymorphism? If so, what is the difference between abstract
classes and interfaces? Which would you choose when?
Solution
(i)
Abstract class:
abstract class is a class that is declared abstract.
-It may include or may not include abstract method.
-It can be subclassed ,but cannot be instantiated.
-A abstract method is a method that is declared without an implementation.
e.g abstract void drive1()
If a class includes abstract methods,then the class declare itself as abstract.
e.g
public abstract class DriveCar {
abstract void drive1();
}
(ii)
Interface allow polymorphism.It formalize polymorphism.
If two elements realizes the same interface,then only these are polymorphic w.r.t a set of
behaviors .
It gives good description of working of polymorphism & allows us to define polymorphism in a
declarative way.
(iii)
Difference between abstract classes & interfaces:
It can extent only one class or one abstract class at a time.
It can have abstract and non-abstract methods.
(iv)
We would use abstract class in the following scenerio:
(i)When we want to use inheritance as it provides a common base class implementation to
derived classes.
(ii)When we want to declare non-public method as Interface has all methods as public only.
(iii)When we want to add methods in future because if you add a method to interface,then all of
the classes that are already implemented ,needed to be changed.
We would use interface in the following scenerio:
Interface is used when we need to implement multiple inheritance.Abstract ClassInterface
It can extent only one class or one abstract class at a time.
It can extent any number of interfaces at a time.
It can have abstract and non-abstract methods.
It can have only abstract methods.It can have protected ,public abstract methods.It can have only
public abstract method.abstract keyword is used to declare it.interface keyword is used to declare
itA class can extent only one abstract class.
A class can implement any number of interfacesIt can be inherited by a class or an abstract class.
It can be extended only by interfaces.Classes has to implement them instead of extend.
It can have static methods,main methodds and constructor.
It can\'t have static methods,main methodds and constructor..
Migration does not result in O populations becoming more genetically .pdf
Migration does not result in O populations becoming more genetically similar O an eventual
equilibrium of allele frequencies in all populations involved in migration O more genetic
variation between populations O gene flow between populations. O more genetic variation
within populations
Solution
1. Migration does not result in -
Answer: more genetical variation between population..
The hippocampus is connected by the fornix and the perforant path.pdf
The hippocampus is \"connected\" by the fornix and the perforant path to two areas of the brain
which are descriptively named. Identify these areas and indicate the derivation of the
nomenclature. Indicate the type of neural structure to which each is assigned (e.g. striate-cortex=
neocortex). What function is the hippocampus involved in? How might these connections
particularly help mediate this function? Briefly outline the direction of the connections. Describe
how the shape of the thalamus (diencephalon) and brainstem reflect the presence of impinging
cortical structures along the antero-posterior axis. Describe the difference between sheep and
human brains.
Solution
6.The two parts are the posterior part of hippocampus and and the presynaptic part of the
perforant path.
The hippocampus is defined as a a small organ.This organ is usually present within the brain\'s
medial temporal lobe.Moreover it usually forms a very important part of the limbic system.The
main function of this the region is to regulate emotions.It also plays a very important role in the
process of spatial navigation
.The following are the connections involved.The hippocampus is usually a banana-shaped
structure which is present within the temporal lobe and , The main input comes from the part
which is called adjacent entorhinal cortex and on the other hand the the majority of the output is
sent out through the region called as the subiculum.
7.The shape of thalamus and brainstem reflects the presence of impringing cortcial structures
along the antero-posterior axis becase these two usually involves the global cortical effects of
both theta and ripple oscillations.They also include the the anatomical pathways which helps to
link the hippocampus and midline thalamus .This includes the subiculum and entorhinal
cortex,.As a result it results in the functional connectivity between these networks during the
given oscillatory activity.
The difference between sheep and human brain is that a human brain has a rounded shape while
the sheep’s brain is usually elongated.Moreover The olfactory bulb which is present in both is
comparatively larger in the sheep’s brain and it is smaller in the human brain..
Tom is colorblind, but his wife Mary is not. Their son is colorblind..pdf
Tom is colorblind, but his wife Mary is not. Their son is colorblind. Colorblindness is a sex-
linked trait. Tom\'s wife is Select one; Homozygous for colorblindness Homozygous for
normal vision or heterozygous for normal vision. Homozygous for normal vision. Heterozygous
for normal vision.
Solution
Heterozygous for normal vision
X-linked color blindness is a recessive trait. Tom’s wife is heterozygous for this trait have
normal vision. Females heterozygous for this trait have normal vision. The color perception
defect manifests itself in Tom’s wife only when it is inherited from both parents. By contrast,
Tom inherit their single X-chromosome from their mothers and become color blind if this X-
chromosome has the color perception defect.
The text (The Art of Enterprise Information Architecture) introduces.pdf
The text (The Art of Enterprise Information Architecture) introduces Business Performance
Management and implicit to that discussion are Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Why are
KPIs important in the context of enterprise architecture? What TWPs are likely to reflect or be
impacted by KPIs?
Solution
Answer:-
Key Performance Indicator (KPI) :
1) A Key Performance Indicator is a measurable value that demonstrates how effectively a
company is achieving key business objectives. Organizations use KPIs to evaluate their success
at reaching targets.
2) Selecting the right KPIs will depend on your industry and which part of the business you are
looking to track. Each department will use different KPI types to measure success based on
specific business goals and targets. Find out what types of key performance indicators are
relevant to your department industry or role Types of KPIs.
3) Once you’ve selected your key business metrics, you will want to track these KPIs in a real-
time reporting tool.
4) KPI tracking can be done using dashboard software, giving your entire organization insights
into your current performance.
KPI software :
KPI software enables businesses to create, manage and analyze data from KPIs . The software
allows organisations to enter their data into one specially designed system, or connect external
services for faster and more accurate data collection.
This type of software allows businesses to visualize and comprehend data from a number of
KPIs that represent different areas of a business, all in one place. Companies benefit from KPI
software through faster and more accurate data collection, instant reports on performance, and
alerts when a KPI is over or under achieving.
KPI Software centralizes businesses data, while simplifying real-time reporting to always give
them a competitive edge. KPI Software increases data visibility as when it is in the cloud it is
mobile.
Business Metrics :
A Business Metric is a quantifiable measure that is used to track and assess the status of a
specific business process. Every area of business has specific metrics that should be monitored
marketing metrics can include tracking campaign and program statistics while sales metrics .
KPI Reports and Dashboards:
To be useful KPIs need to be monitored and reported on if they change in real-time, they should
be monitored in real-time. Dashboards are the perfect tool for your KPI reports as they can be
used to visually depict the performance of an enterprise, a specific department, or a key business
operation.
Measuring and monitoring business performance :
There are six factors that separate effective, value creating KPIs from detrimental, value
diminishing KPIs. The right KPIs for your business should follow these KPI best practices:
1) Aligned - Make sure the KPIs your are choosing align with the strategic goals and objectives
of your organization.
2) Attainable - The KPIs you choose to measure should have data that can be easily obtained.
3) Acut.
1. Which two types of DNA are commonly used to trace ancestrySo.pdf
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Solution
DNA in the cell exist in the form of Chromosomes. These chromosomes are categorized into
Autosomes and allosomes. X and Y chromosomes are allosomes or Sex chromosomes. Among
sex chromosomes, Y chromosome show s uniparental inheritance I.e from father to son only, not
to daughter.
Similarly mitochondrial DNA also uniparenta. I.e we got mitochondrial Dna only from mother.
So Y chromosome DNA and Mitochondrial DNA are used extensively for Ancestray studies.
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