West Africa regional research programme media training3
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Presentation for media training workshop in Ghana, September 2014 on West Africa regional migration flows.
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West Africa regional research programme media training3
- 1. Research Programme Consortium Media Training Workshop on Migration Patterns and Flows in West Africa 2-4 September, 2014 By Prof. Mariama Awumbila Centre for Migration Studies University of Ghana
- 2. Migration Research Programme Consortium (RPC) • The RPC focuses on understanding the relationship between migration, poverty and development and the factors that mediate it. • Focuses on 5 regions in Asia and Africa: – West Africa – Centre for Migration Studies, UG, Ghana – East Africa – AMADPOC, Kenya – Southern Africa – ACMS, Univ of Witswarterstrand – South Asia - RMMRU, Bangladesh – East Asia – ARI, Singapore National University – Co -ordinated by University of Sussex, UK • Funded by DFID, UK
- 3. Migration and poverty • Where poorer people do migrate, they generally do so over shorter distances (Migration DRC 2010). • Internal migration and South-South migration are therefore more relevant to discussions on migration and poverty. • Internal migrants outnumber international migrants by a ratio of 4:1 (UNDP 2009) • Household surveys suggest that internal remittances may be greater than international remittances, and often flow to a larger number of households, usually poorer. • However research and policy action on internal and South-South migration are seriously constrained by the lack of data. • RPC focus on Intra regional, internal, seasonal, circular migration
- 4. • The project seeks to generate data: to promote policy approaches to maximise the poverty reducing and developmental impacts of migration and minimise the costs and risks of migration for the poor – generating new knowledge related to migration and poverty; – creating new datasets; – engaging policy makers; – building capacity to understand & research migration and poverty linkages. • The global research programme is complemented by focused programmes in the regions of core
- 5. Global research programme 4 Global research questions • Under what circumstances does migration help poor people out of poverty? • How does migration specifically affect women and girls? • Under what circumstances does urbanisation and rural-urban migration lead to longer-term reductions in poverty. • Which policies have worked, and which have not, in maximising the developmental impact of migration?
- 6. GHANA RESEARCH PROGRAMME Global Research Programme •1. Survey in Migration Source Region •Nationally representative survey of rural households in areas of origin, identifying most relevant destination locations for later survey. •1500 households surveyed in high-outmigration areas using sampling framework developed by GSS. •Data generated includes: characteristics of migrant, return migrants, patterns of migration & remittances, factors influencing the decision to migrate, how migration has been financed and assisted, employment conditions of migrants, whether migration has resulted in occupational mobility and changes in wellbeing. Etc •To be followed by a survey of 150 households in three key destination locations identified during the source survey.
- 7. 2. Global Qualitative Survey • Focus on whether and how migration strategies lead to a route out of poverty in different contexts. • Focus on two low-paid and insecure occupations that are well represented across the five Consortium regions- migrant domestic and construction workers • The research will identify points of intervention for policy that can help migrants to maximise the returns from their own efforts in the face of adversity and highlight problems that need to be addressed to minimise the risks and costs associated with migration.
- 8. 3. REGIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAMME • Urbanisation, Rural–Urban Migration and urban poverty in Ghana • Research Outputs – Research Report – Working paper – Policy Briefs – Journal articles – Stakeholder / Disemination workshops
- 9. New Research • Migration to cities in Ghana: An analysis of the Counterfactual • Migration and Intra Household dynamics • The Migration Industry in Ghana • Migration and Destination Communities • Migration Policy in West Africa
- 10. THANK YOU
- 11. Short Term Research Uptake · Evidence Papers / Research, Technical reports · Policy briefs, Project Briefs · Policy dialogues · Stakeholder workshops · Media Encounters · Meetings with Boundary partners · Presentations at conferences, workshops, seminars · Promote regional research collaboration and networking Long Term · Publications in peer-reviewed journals, books · Inform national and sub-regional migration, urban, climate change, development policies.
Editor's Notes
- Main Goal - to maximise the poverty reducing and developmental impacts of migration and minimise the costs and risks of migration for the poor. This includes generating new knowledge related to migration and poverty; creating new datasets; engaging policy makers; and building capacity to understand and research migration and poverty linkages.
- Thus the large majority of migration involves internal movements, including rural-urban or rural-rural flows. However, internal remittances have received far less attention. The data from Ghana and India show that a large proportion of the migrants who send money back are internal migrants, and that while the individual sums of money sent by international migrants are usually larger, the sum total of internal remittances may be higher than international remittances in both Ghana and India. A significant proportion of migrants, both internal and international, send remittances or transfers back to their families at their place of origin. There has, rightly, been much attention paid to the substantial flows of international remittances as these can be of similar magnitudes to, or even exceed, annual overseas development aid (ODA) and foreign direct investment (FDI). Based on survey data estimated annual international remittances totalled US$283 million for Ghana and over US$3.8 billion for India (authors’ calculation). But official statistics capture mainly permanent moves and not temporary forms of migration such as seasonal and circular migration Most estimates of internal migration are therefore gross underestimates. Number of internal migrants 4x international (UNDP, 2009), poorer people often only have the opportunity to move short distances.
- Improved data on the types of migration undertaken by the poor is urgently needed. The factors that mediate the impacts of migration on poverty need to be better understood
- Next, we need to set out the 4 global questions, which we must stick to. I have put Qs 2-4 ‘nested’ below Q1, because that is how it reads in the IP report
- also provide more opportunities for tracing migrants. Possible location – Northern Ghana 500 households to be surveyed in one rural, high-outmigration, area using sampling framework developed by GSS.. Of these, 350 households will be households with migrants and the rest without. This will be followed by a survey of 150 households in each of three key destination locations identified during the source survey, at least two of which should be urban centres. To be followed by a survey of 150 households in each of three key destination locations identified during the source survey, at least two of which should be urban centres. These households would be located in slums and would include recent arrivals into the city as well as those who are long term residents.