1) The document discusses challenges facing schools, including the Pygmalion effect, hidden curriculum, diversity, achievement gaps, and lack of parent/community involvement. 2) Students are asked to map how these challenges relate to each other or have cause-and-effect relationships impacting learning. They can use concept mapping software. 3) Students must also include a brief summary paragraph explaining their map and the relationships between challenges. They are then asked to review and discuss other students' maps.