Versant conducted performance benchmarks comparing NoSQL and ORM technologies. The benchmark tested CRUD operations and concurrency on complex object graphs using Hibernate, OpenJPA, MongoDB, and Versant. MongoDB significantly outperformed the ORM technologies in all tests due to its simpler data model and lack of object relational impedance mismatch. Versant also outperformed the ORM technologies due to its simpler mapping and use of native object storage. The conclusions were that JOINs are unnecessary unless needed for analytics, serialization introduces overhead, and NoSQL without complex object mapping provides better performance.

1. Versant
Innovation
Leveraging your Knowledge of ORM Towards
Performance-based NoSQL Technology
Versant Corporation U.S. Headquarters
255 Shoreline Dr. Suite 450, Redwood City, CA 94065
www.versant.com | 650-232-2400

2. Overview NoSQL at it’s Core
Pole-Position – Overview
About the Code
Circuits Description
RDB JPA Code
MongoDB Code
Versant JPA Code
Results – Winners of the Race
Developer Challenge

3. NoSQL at its Core

4. A Shift In Application Architecture
Inefficient
CPU destroying
Mapping
• Google – Soft-Schema Excessive
• IBM – Schema-Less Repetitive data
movement and JOIN
calculation

5. Why the Shift is Needed
• Think about it – How Often do Relations Change?
– Blog : BlogEntry , Order : OrderItem , You : Friend
Stop Banging Your Head on the Relational Wall
Relations Rarely Change, Stop Recalculating Them
You don’t need ALL your Data, you can distribute

6. Measured Value
How NoSQL performance stacks up to Relational

7. PolePosition
Performance Benchmark
• Established in 2003
– NoSQL -vs- ORM
• Code Complexity Circuits
– Flat Objects
– Graphs
– Inherited Objects
– Collections
• Data Operations
– CRUD
– Concurrency
• Scalability

8. Contenders | Methodology
• Contenders
– ORM
• Hibernate – MySQL / Postgres
• OpenJPA – MySQL / Postgres (other RDB, cannot publish – same
basic results)
– NoSQL
• MongoDB
• Versant Database Engine
• Methodology
– External RDB Experts, Internal NoSQL Experts
– Open Source Benchmark Code for all contenders

9. About the Code
• ORM - Common Code Base
– Hibernate – MySQL / Postgres
– OpenJPA – MySQL / Postgres
– MongoDB
– Versant

10. Circuit Structure
• Simulate CRUD on embedded graph of different Classes.
• Class model - Complex Circuit:
class Holder0 {
String _name;
List <Holder0> _children;
Holder0[] _array; }
class Holder1 extends Holder0 {
int _i1; }
class Holder2 extends Holder1 {
int _i2 <indexed>; } ...class HolderN extends…..

11. Hibernate JPA Code
• Write – Generates Holder’s to user spec depth
ComplexHolder cp = new ComplexHolder( ); em.makePersistent(cp);
• Read – Access root of graph and traverse
cp = em.find( ComplexHolder.class, id ); cp.getChildren().touch();
• Query
String query = "from org.polepos.teams.hibernate.data.Holder2 where
i2=" + currentInt; Iterator it = em.iterate(query);
• Delete – Deletes Graph - cascading operation

12. ORM JPA Mapping
XML Mapping File for each Persistent Class ( 11ea Files )
• - <hibernate-mapping package="org.polepos.teams.hibernate.data" default-cascade="none" default-access="property" default-lazy="true" auto-import="true">
• - <class name="ComplexHolder0" table="tComplexHolderNew0" polymorphism="implicit" mutable="true" dynamic-update="false" dynamic-insert="false" select-before-update="false"
optimistic-lock="version">
• <id name="id" column="fid" type="long" />
• - <discriminator type="string" not-null="true" force="false" insert="true">
• <column name="DISCRIMINATOR" />
• </discriminator>
• <property name="name" column="fname" type="string" unique="false" optimistic-lock="true" lazy="false" generated="never" />
• - <list name="children" access="field" cascade="all" inverse="false" mutable="true" optimistic-lock="true" embed-xml="true">
• <key column="parentId" on-delete="noaction" />
• <index column="elementIndex" />
• <many-to-many class="ComplexHolder0" embed-xml="true" not-found="exception" unique="false" />
• </list>
• - <array name="array" access="field" cascade="all" inverse="false" mutable="true" optimistic-lock="true" embed-xml="true">
• <key column="parentId" on-delete="noaction" />
• <index column="elementIndex" />
• <many-to-many class="ComplexHolder0" embed-xml="true" not-found="exception" unique="false" />
• </array>
• - <subclass name="ComplexHolder1" discriminator-value="D" dynamic-update="false" dynamic-insert="false" select-before-update="false">
• <property name="i1" column="i1" type="int" unique="false" optimistic-lock="true" lazy="false" generated="never" />
• - <subclass name="ComplexHolder2" discriminator-value="E" dynamic-update="false" dynamic-insert="false" select-before-update="false">
• <property name="i2" column="i2" type="int" index="i2_idx" unique="false" optimistic-lock="true" lazy="false" generated="never" />
• - <subclass name="ComplexHolder3" discriminator-value="F" dynamic-update="false" dynamic-insert="false" select-before-update="false">
• <property name="i3" column="i3" type="int" unique="false" optimistic-lock="true" lazy="false" generated="never" />
• - <subclass name="ComplexHolder4" discriminator-value="G" dynamic-update="false" dynamic-insert="false" select-before-update="false">
• <property name="i4" column="i4" type="int" unique="false" optimistic-lock="true" lazy="false" generated="never" />
• </subclass>
• </subclass>
• </subclass>
• </subclass>
• </class>
• </hibernate-mapping>

13. MongoDB Code
private void storeData(Mongo mongo) {
collection(mongo).insert(new BasicDBObject("test", "object"));
}
public ComplexHolder0 convertFromDocument(DBObject data, DeserializationOptions deserializationOption) {
ComplexHolder0 instance = createInstance(getAsString(data, TYPE_ATTRIBUTE));
instance.setName(getAsString(data, NAME_ATTRIBUTE));
if (null != data.get(CHILDREN)) {
instance.setChildren(fromMongoObjectToList(getAsList(data, CHILDREN), deserializationOption));
}
if (null != data.get(ARRAY)) {
final List<ComplexHolder0> arrayContent = fromMongoObjectToList(getAsList(data, ARRAY),
deserializationOption);
instance.setArray(arrayContent.toArray(new ComplexHolder0[arrayContent.size()]));
}
readAttributes(data, instance);
return instance;
}

14. MongoDB Mapping
private static void writeSubTypeAttributes(ComplexHolder0 holder, BasicDBObject
dataStorage) {
if (holder instanceof ComplexHolder1) {
dataStorage.put(FIELD_I1, ((ComplexHolder1) holder)._i1);
}
if (holder instanceof ComplexHolder2) {
dataStorage.put(FIELD_I2, ((ComplexHolder2) holder)._i2);
}
private static void readAttributes(DBObject dataStorage, ComplexHolder0 holder) {
if (holder instanceof ComplexHolder1) {
((ComplexHolder1) holder)._i1 = (Integer) dataStorage.get(FIELD_I1);
}
if (holder instanceof ComplexHolder2) {
((ComplexHolder2) holder)._i2 = (Integer) dataStorage.get(FIELD_I2);
}

15. MongoDB Mapping
public SerialisationResult convertToDocument(ComplexHolder0 holder)new ArrayList<ComplexHolder0>(data.size());
List<ComplexHolder0> objects = {
List<BasicDBObject> holder2Objects = new(Object o : data) {
for ArrayList<BasicDBObject>();
class Serialisation { BasicDBObject document = convertToDocument(holder, holder2Objects); }
static final String TYPE_ATTRIBUTE = "_t"; objects.add(restoreDocumentOrReference(o, deserializationOption));
if (holder instanceof ComplexHolder4) {
return new SerialisationResult(document, holder2Objects);
}
private static final String PACKAGE_NAME = ComplexHolder0.class.getPackage().getName();
} dataStorage.put(FIELD_I4, ((ComplexHolder4) holder)._i4);
static final String NAME_ATTRIBUTE = "name"; return objects; }
static final String CHILDREN = "children"; } }
public ComplexHolder0 convertFromDocument(DBObject data) {
static final String ARRAY = "array";return convertFromDocument(data,private ComplexHolder0 restoreDocumentOrReference(Object o, DeserializationOptions deserializationOption) {
DeserializationOptions.FULL_DESERIALISATION);
static final String REFERENCE_TO_ORIGINAL_DOCUMENT = "_refToOriginal";
} private static void readAttributes(DBObject dataStorage, if (holder }
static final String FIELD_I1 = "_i1"; DBObject dbObj = (DBObject) o; if (holder instanceof ComplexHolder2) {
static final String FIELD_I2 = "_i2"; if (null != dbObj.get(REFERENCE_TO_ORIGINAL_DOCUMENT)) {
public ComplexHolder0 convertFromDocument(DBObject data, DeserializationOptions deserializationOption) { holder)._i2 = (Integer) dataStorage.get(FIELD_I2);
((ComplexHolder2)
return deserializationOption.deserialize(this, dbObj);
static final String FIELD_I3 = "_i3";
ComplexHolder0 instance = createInstance(getAsString(data, TYPE_ATTRIBUTE)); }
static final String FIELD_I4 = "_i4"; } else { if (holder instanceof ComplexHolder3) {
instance.setName(getAsString(data, NAME_ATTRIBUTE));
return convertFromDocument(dbObj, deserializationOption); holder)._i3 = (Integer) dataStorage.get(FIELD_I3);
if (null != data.get(CHILDREN)) { ((ComplexHolder3)
} }
instance.setChildren(fromMongoObjectToList(getAsList(data, CHILDREN), deserializationOption));
}
private final OneArgFunction<BasicDBObject, DBRef> refCreator;
} if (holder instanceof ComplexHolder4) {
if (null != data.get(ARRAY)) { ((ComplexHolder4) holder)._i4 = (Integer) dataStorage.get(FIELD_I4);
private static List getAsList(DBObject data, String attributeName) {
}
final List<ComplexHolder0> arrayContent = fromMongoObjectToList(getAsList(data, ARRAY), deserializationOption);
return (List) data.get(attributeName); }
Serialisation(OneArgFunction<BasicDBObject, DBRef> refCreator) {
instance.setArray(arrayContent.toArray(new ComplexHolder0[arrayContent.size()]));
this.refCreator = refCreator; } }
} readAttributes(data, instance); private List<Object> toMongoObject(List<ComplexHolder0> children,) {
private static String getAsString(DBObject data, String attribute) {= new ArrayList<Object>(children.size());
List<Object> objects
return instance;
public static Serialisation create(OneArgFunction<BasicDBObject, DBRef> refCreator) { data.get(attribute);
}
return (String) for (ComplexHolder0 child : children) {
if (null == refCreator) { } final BasicDBObject document = convertToDocument(child,
throw new ArgumentNullException("requires a reference creator"); if (isDocumentOnlyReferenced(child)) {
private BasicDBObject convertToDocument(ComplexHolder0 holder, List<BasicDBObject> referencedDocumentsCollector) {
} private static ComplexHolder0 createInstance(String className) {
referencedDocumentsCollector.add(document);
BasicDBObject dbObject = createDocumentWithAttributesOnly(holder);
try {
return new Serialisation(refCreator);
dbObject.put(CHILDREN, toMongoObject(holder.getChildren(), referencedDocumentsCollector)); DBObject copy = createDocumentWithAttributesOnly(child);
} return (ComplexHolder0) Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader()
copy.put(REFERENCE_TO_ORIGINAL_DOCUMENT,
if (null != holder.getArray()) { .loadClass(PACKAGE_NAME + "." + className).newInstance();
objects.add(copy);
dbObject.put(ARRAY, toMongoObject(asList(holder.getArray()), referencedDocumentsCollector));
} catch (Exception e) {
public static OneArgFunction<BasicDBObject, DBRef> createReferenceCreator(final DBCollection collection) { } else {
} throw rethrow(e);
if (null == collection) { return dbObject; objects.add(document);
throw new ArgumentNullException("requires a collection"); } }
} }
} }
return new OneArgFunction<BasicDBObject, DBRef>() {
private BasicDBObject createDocumentWithAttributesOnly(ComplexHolder0 holder) { return objects; holder, BasicDBObject dataStorage) {
@Override private static void writeSubTypeAttributes(ComplexHolder0
}
BasicDBObject dbObject = new BasicDBObject("_id", new ObjectId());
if (holder instanceof ComplexHolder1) {
public DBRef invoke(BasicDBObject basicDBObject) {
dbObject.put(NAME_ATTRIBUTE, holder.getName());
final DB db = collection.getDB(); dataStorage.put(FIELD_I1, ((ComplexHolder1) holder)._i1); isDocumentOnlyReferenced(ComplexHolder0 child) {
private static boolean
dbObject.put(TYPE_ATTRIBUTE, holder.getClass().getSimpleName());
}
final Object id = basicDBObject.get("_id");
writeSubTypeAttributes(holder, dbObject); return child.getClass().equals(ComplexHolder2.class);
if (null == id) { if (holder instanceof ComplexHolder2) {}
return dbObject; dataStorage.put(FIELD_I2, ((ComplexHolder2) holder)._i2);
throw new IllegalStateException("Expected an '_id' on the object");
}
} }
return new DBRef(db, collection.getName(), id); if (holder instanceof ComplexHolder3) {
public List<ComplexHolder0> fromMongoObjectToList(List data, DeserializationOptions deserializationOption) {
dataStorage.put(FIELD_I3, ((ComplexHolder3) holder)._i3);
}
}; }
} if (holder instanceof ComplexHolder4) {

16. Versant JPA Code
• Write – Generates Holder’s to user spec depth
ComplexHolder cp = new ComplexHolder( ); em.makePersistent(cp);
• Read – Access root of graph and traverse
cp = em.find( ComplexHolder.class, id ); cp.getChildren().touch();
• Query
String query = "from org.polepos.teams.versant.data.Holder2 where i2="
+ currentInt; Iterator it = session.iterate(query);
• Delete – Deletes Graph – Cascading Operation

17. Versant JPA Mapping
single XML File with primitive declaration entries
<class name="ComplexHolder0">
<field name="name" />
<field name="array" />
<field name="children">
<collection element-type="ComplexHolder0"/> </field>
</class>

18. Sh@t’s and Grins
• JDBC Code
JDBC StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.append("select " +
HOLDER_TABLE0 + ".id from " + HOLDER_TABLE0); sb.append(" INNER
JOIN " + HOLDER_TABLES[0]); sb.append(" on " + HOLDER_TABLE0 + ".id =
" + HOLDER_TABLES[0] + ".id "); sb.append(" INNER JOIN " +
HOLDER_TABLES[1]); sb.append(" on " + HOLDER_TABLE0 + ".id = " +
HOLDER_TABLES[1] + ".id "); sb.append(" LEFT OUTER JOIN " +
HOLDER_TABLES[2]); sb.append(" on " + HOLDER_TABLE0 + ".id = " +
HOLDER_TABLES[2] + ".id "); sb.append(" LEFT OUTER JOIN " +
HOLDER_TABLES[3]); sb.append(" on " + HOLDER_TABLE0 + ".id = " +
HOLDER_TABLES[3] + ".id "); sb.append(" where " + HOLDER_TABLES[1] +
".i2 = ?"); PreparedStatement stat = prepareStatement(sb.toString());
ResultSet resultSet stat.executeQuery();

19. PolePosition
BenchMark Summary Results

20. FlatObject - Single Thread

21. Results – ComplexConcurrency
@mongo - no safe mode

22. Results – QueryConcurrency
@mongo – no safe mode

23. Results – InsertConcurrent
@mongo – no safe mode

24. Results – ComplexConcurrency
@mongo – safe mode

25. Results – QueryConcurrency
@mongo – safe mode

26. Results – InsertConcurrent
@mongo – safe mode

27. Conclusions
• Wake-up, smell the coffee
– JOINs are not needed - unless adhoc analytics
• Take care of business, dump a load of code
– Serialization is bad, data useful once structured
– Mapping is Mapping, even when it’s not an ORM
• Get on your Bad Motor Scooter and Ride
– NoSQL without Mapping rules the road
Get the Code: http://www.polepos.org

28. Contact
Robert Greene
Vice President, Technology
Versant Corporation
rgreene@versant.com
650-232-2431