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Equivalences and
differences between SysML
and Arcadia/Capella
Stéphane Bonnet
Thales Corporate MBSE Coaching
Capella Design Authority
stephane.bonnet@thalesgroup.com
WEBINAR, JUNE 28TH 2017
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System models, what for?
Why
Who, what, etc.
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Why this webinar?
SysML is the most largely used language for systems modeling
The question of the positioning of Capella w.r.t. SysML
is a recurrent one
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For who?
Primarily for people considering using Capella
but having second thoughts because “it is not SysML”
For people who do not have
an extensive knowledge of SysML or Capella
But also for SysML experts curious about our approach
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What will be covered in this webinar?
High-level positioning
Diagram equivalences and similarities
The 3 main differences
A quick tooling perspective (why Arcadia is not a SysML profile)
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What will not be covered in this webinar
However we are happy to engage
technical discussions outside the webinar context
Expert-level technical analyses of the SysML language
The details of the Arcadia engineering method,
how Capella is different
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System models, what for?
Disclaimer
Why no one should take offense
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System models, what for?
Arcadia
Reminder
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Arcadia : A “Simple” Engineering Language
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Concepts of the Arcadia method
About 12
similar views
cover all the
major
concepts of
the method
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System models, what for?
High-level introduction
Positioning, method, language
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SysML Arcadia/Capella
Positioning
• General-purpose modeling language for SE
• Rich and advanced expressiveness
• Broad spectrum of application
• Primarily dedicated to the design of systems
architecture (functions, structure, interfaces)
• Aiming at an easier learning curve for systems
engineers
Method
• No provided method
• Compatible with several methods
• Enforces a separation between context and
need modeling and solution modeling
• Compliant with IEEE 1220 standard and
covering parts of ISE/IEC/IEEE 15288
Language
• Extension of the UML language
• Based on software-originated paradigms
• Inspired by SysML (75%) and NAF
• Simplified and enriched to better match the
concepts systems engineer already exploit in
their current practice (functional analysis)
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System models, what for?
Similarities / Equivalences
Twin diagrams
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System models, what for?
Block Definition Diagram
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SysML
Captures the definition of
blocks in terms of
properties and operations
as well as relationships
(redefines UML Class
diagram)
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Capella
Blocks are called
components in
Arcadia/Capella
2 kinds of diagrams:
Component Breakdown
(tree) and Component
Interfaces
No display of properties.
Composition is
represented by
graphical containment
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System models, what for?
Internal Block Diagram
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SysML
Captures the internal structure of
a block in terms of properties and
connectors between properties
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Capella
Describes the assembly of
components in terms of internal
breakdown and connections
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System models, what for?
Activity Diagram
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SysML
Represents the flow of control and
objects between actions
describing an activity
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Capella
Presents the dependencies between functions with
no semantics of control. Allocating functions to
components in Capella is similar to allocating actions
to partitions representing blocks in SysML
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System models, what for?
Sequence Diagram
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SysML
Describe the interactions
with a focus on the time
sequence
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Capella
Identical underlying constructs as
SysML. The differences reside in the
variety of elements that can be
referenced in a consistent manner
by lifelines and sequence messages
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Capella
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Capella
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System models, what for?
State Machine Diagram
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SysML
Describes the state
transitions and actions that
a system or its parts perform
in response to events
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Capella
Identical underlying
constructs but adds
semantics
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CapellaSysML
Trigger
Trigger
Entry
Entry
Entry
Diagram palette
Example of what
“simplifying SysML”
means concretely
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System models, what for?
Use Case Diagram
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SysML
High-level description of
functionalities that are achieved
through interactions among a
system and its actors
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Capella
Capabilities diagram rely on
the same concepts than SysML
use case diagrams
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System models, what for?
Requirement Diagram
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SysML
Captures requirements
hierarchies and
derivation, as well as the
traceability relationships
between requirements
and model elements
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Capella
No dedicated
requirement
diagram in
Capella. But all
requirements and
their relationships
can be displayed
in all diagrams
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System models, what for?
Parametric Diagram
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SysML
Shows the use of
constraint blocks with the
properties they constrain
to specify equations.
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Capella
No dedicated diagram in Capella, but different means to
specify constraints with equations. Would be an easy
addition to Capella… should the end-users request them 
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System models, what for?
Differences
Behind the scene
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System models, what for?
Functional Analysis
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SysML
Activities and several
kinds of actions,
parameters nodes
connected to pins, strong
delegation mechanism.
Control and objects flows.
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Capella
No delegation, direct
containment. When the
design is complete, only
leaf functions are have
incoming/outgoing
exchanges.
Objects flow only
Several levels of functions
can be displayed in the
same diagram
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Capella
Automatically computed
simplified view. Ports are
displayed on non-leaf
functions but still belong to
children functions.
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Rationale: Supporting multiple functional analysis workflows
1
2
Top-down
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2
Bottom-Up
1
Rationale: Supporting multiple functional analysis workflows
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2
Rationale: Supporting multiple functional analysis workflows
1
Bottom-Up
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F1
F2
F21
F22
Functional Analysis with
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²
F1
F2
F21
F22
Functional Analysis with
VIEWMODEL
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F1
F2
F21
F22
²
F1
F2
F21
F22
Graphical simplification: Ports on F21 and F22
do not actually « belong » to F21 and F22 but
to their children functions.
Functional Analysis with
VIEWMODEL
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F1
F2
²
F1
F2
F21
F22
Graphical simplification: Ports on F2 do not
actually « belong » to F2 but to its children
functions.
Functional Analysis with
VIEWMODEL
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F1
F2
²
F1
F2
F21
F22
Graphical simplification: Ports on F1 and F2
do not actually « belong » to F1 and F2 but to
their children functions.
Functional Analysis with
VIEWMODEL
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F1
F2
A
A
B
B
A
B
²
F1
F2
F21
F22
Introduction of the « Category » concept
Functional Analysis with
VIEWMODEL
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F1
F2
A A
A
B
A
B
A
A
B
²
F1
F2
F21
F22
Graphical simplification based on the
« Category » concept. Displayed ports are
not the real ones anymore
Functional Analysis with
VIEWMODEL
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Functional Analysis with
Demonstrated in the webinar
« How Capella is different »
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System models, what for?
Integration functions/components/interfaces
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Definition and functional justification of interfaces
Function ports specify
expected/provided
exchange items
Functional
exchanges carry
Exchange Items
Functional
Exchanges are
allocated to
Component
Exchanges
Function ports are
allocated to
component ports
Exchange Items are sets of
data/physical flows
exchanged simultaneously
Data/physical flows
descriptions
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Definition and functional justification of interfaces
Component Ports
provide/require
Interfaces
Interfaces aggregate
Exchange Items
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Demonstrated in the webinar
« How Capella is different »
Definition and functional justification of interfaces
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System models, what for?
Management of ”instances”
(or, “definitions” and “usages”)
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SysML Block/Part paradigm in Capella
Capella provides the
block/part paradigm of
SysML…
… but this is not the default
setting of Capella which
“hides” the part concept
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2 challenges: Support of multiple workflows and need for instances
Systems engineers often think first in terms of
instances (“usages”)
The modeling language or tool should not force
them to think in terms of types (“definitions”)
Architectural design in Capella often consists in
performing non functional analyses where it is
critical to be able to distinguish the different
occurrences of each element (components,
functions, ports, etc.) and to be able to give
them different properties or values
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“Instance-first” or “usage-based” modeling
Blocks have Parts, typed by other Blocks
Blocks can have the “PropertySpecificType”
stereotype, emulating an instance-level modeling
Activities have Partitions and Actions
CallBehaviorActions belong to Partitions and
invoke Activities
Partitions represent either Blocks or Parts
Activities have ParameterNodes
Actions have Pins
Blocks have FlowPorts
Blocks are related to each other via Associations
Parts do not have their own FlowPort “instances”
Functions are allocated to Components
By default, one Component == one Part
Functions and Components have Ports
Functions are connected to one another by
Functional Exchanges
Components are connected to one another by
Component Exchanges
Arcadia-CapellaSysML
In Capella, this is addressed with tooling
rather than with language.
Any set of element can be part of a REC
(record) or a RPL (replica). Content is
synchronized
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“Instance-first” or “usage-based” modeling
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Different compliance relationships: Black
box, constrained reuse, inheritance
REC-RPL (Records/Replica)
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System models, what for?
Why not a SysML profile?
Been there, done that
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Back in the past (2003-2008)
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Tooling and API Perspective
Domain or method meta-model
LC LF
Domain / Method
Native EMF API
UML/SysML EMF API
UML/SysML Profile
Block
<< LC >>
Action
<< LF >>
Model extension and exploitation
Viewpoints, validation rules, queries, diff/merge, bridges, etc.
<< Give me all the
Blocks with « LC »
stereotype and their
lists of Actions with
« LF » stereotypes >>
<< Give me all the
Logical Components
and their lists of
Functions >>
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System models, what for?
Before leaving the floor to questions
What about SysMLv2?
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Capella and the future SysMLv2
(Too) light participation to the SST SysMLv2 submission team
Provide feedback to the submission group
The goal is not for Capella to become a SysMLv2 implementation
Seeking alignment on core concepts to ease interoperability
API standardization even more interesting than in imports/exports
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A web page to summarize all this
http://polarsys.org/capella/arcadia_capella_sysml_tool.html
www.thalesgroup.com
THALES GROUP INTERNAL
Thank You! Questions?
Capella website:
http://www.polarsys.org/capella/
LinkedIn Discussion Group
https://www.linkedin.com/groups/8605600
LinkedIn Page
https://www.linkedin.com/in/capella-mbse-tool-244083162
Twitter
https://twitter.com/capella_arcadia
Arcadia public forum:
https://polarsys.org/forums/index.php/f/12/
Capella public forum:
https://polarsys.org/forums/index.php/f/13/

Equivalences and diffrences between SysML and Arcadia / Capella