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Web_GIS_GeoServer_OpenLayers [Autosaved].pptx
- 1. Web Mapping usingGeoServer & OpenLayers • Introduction to Web Mapping • Modern Web GIS Architecture • Client–Server–Cloud Model
- 2. Introduction to WebMapping • Web-based visualization of spatial data • Interactive maps over the internet • Applications in planning, disaster management, smart cities
- 3. Introduction to WebMapping What is Web Mapping? • Web Mapping is the process of creating, publishing, and interacting with maps on the internet using web technologies and GIS services. • Maps are accessed through a web browser • Users can zoom, pan, query, and analyze spatial data online • No need for standalone GIS software on client side
- 4. Evolution of WebMapping • Early static map images (JPEG, PNG) • Dynamic maps using server-side GIS • Interactive maps using JavaScript libraries • Cloud-based and real-time Web GIS systems Components of Web Mapping • Client: Web browser (OpenLayers, Leaflet) • Server: Map server (GeoServer) • Data: Vector and raster spatial datasets • Network: Internet / Cloud infrastructure
- 5. Characteristics of WebMapping • Interactive and user-friendly • Platform independent • Supports real-time data visualization • Scalable for large users • Applications of Web Mapping • Urban and regional planning • Disaster management • Environmental monitoring • Smart cities and navigation systems • Land and water resource management
- 6. • Advantages ofWeb Mapping • Easy access to spatial data • Centralized data management • Cost-effective and scalable • Supports decision-making systems
- 7. Modern Web GISArchitecture • Client: Browser & OpenLayers • Server: GeoServer & Web Server • Cloud: Storage & Processing
- 8. • Modern WebGIS Architecture Modern Web GIS Architecture defines the structure and interaction between different components involved in delivering geospatial data and services over the web.
- 9. Client–Server Architecture • ClientLayer • Web browser or mobile application • Uses JavaScript libraries like OpenLayers / Leaflet • Responsible for map display and user interaction Server Layer • Handles spatial data processing and requests • Includes Map Server (GeoServer) and Web Server (Apache/Tomcat) • Generates maps and spatial services (WMS, WFS, WCS
- 10. Cloud-Based Web GISArchitecture • Cloud Infrastructure • Provides scalable storage and computing resources • Supports large geospatial datasets and real- time processing • Advantages of Cloud GIS • High availability and scalability • Reduced hardware and maintenance cost • Supports big data and real-time GIS applications
- 11. Three-Tier Architecture ofWeb GIS • Presentation Layer – User interface (Web browser, OpenLayers) • Application Layer – GIS logic and services (GeoServer, REST APIs) • Data Layer – Spatial databases and files (PostGIS, Shapefile, Raster)
- 12. Data Flow inWeb GIS Architecture • Client sends request (map/data) • Server processes request using GIS services • Response returned as image or feature data • Client renders and displays the map • Key Features of Modern Web GIS • Service-oriented architecture • Interoperability using OGC standards • Integration with cloud and mobile platforms • Supports real-time and decision-support systems
- 13. • Applications • Smartcity platforms • Disaster monitoring systems • Environmental and watershed management • Urban planning and land administration
- 15. Map Servers vsWeb Servers • Web Server: Handles HTTP requests • Map Server: Publishes spatial data • Examples: Apache, GeoServer
- 16. Map Server vsWeb Server Web Server A Web Server is responsible for handling HTTP requests and delivering web content to clients. Key Functions •Serves web pages (HTML, CSS, JavaScript) •Manages client requests and responses •Acts as an interface between client and application Examples •Apache •Nginx •Microsoft IIS •Tomcat
- 17. Map Server A MapServer is a specialized server that processes, manages, and delivers geospatial data and maps. Key Functions •Publishes spatial data as web services •Generates maps dynamically •Supports OGC standards (WMS, WFS, WCS) Examples •GeoServer •MapServer •QGIS Server
- 18. Aspect Web ServerMap Server Primary Role Serves web content Serves geospatial data & maps Data Type HTML, CSS, JS, images Vector, raster, spatial data GIS Processing ❌ No ✅ Yes OGC Support ❌ No ✅ Yes (WMS, WFS, WCS) Map Rendering ❌ No ✅ Yes Examples Apache, Nginx GeoServer, MapServer Comparison: Map Server vs Web Server
- 19. Geographic Data Formats •Shapefile: Vector format • Raster Data: Satellite images • GeoJSON: Web-friendly format
- 20. Geographic Data Formats Definition GeographicData Formats are standard file formats used to store, represent, and exchange spatial data in GIS and Web GIS applications. Types of Geographic Data Formats 1. Vector Data Formats Vector data represents discrete geographic features using points, lines, and polygons. Shapefile •Most widely used vector data format •Developed by ESRI •Consists of multiple files (.shp, .shx, .dbf, .prj) •Stores geometry and attribute data Applications •Land use maps •Administrative boundaries •Road and drainage networks
- 21. • Raster DataFormats • Raster data represents continuous geographic phenomena using grid cells (pixels). • Each pixel contains a value • Suitable for satellite imagery and terrain data • Common Raster Formats • GeoTIFF • JPEG • PNG • Applications • Satellite images • Digital Elevation Models (DEM) • Land cover maps
- 22. • GeoJSON • GeoJSONis a web-friendly vector data format based on JSON. • Lightweight and human-readable • Easily used in web applications • Supported by OpenLayers and REST APIs • Features • Stores geometry and attributes • Ideal for real-time web mapping
- 23. Comparison of GeographicData Formats Format Data Type Usage Shapefile Vector Desktop & Web GIS Raster Raster Satellite & terrain data GeoJSON Vector Web GIS & APIs
- 24. Introduction to OpenLayers •Open-source JavaScript library • Creates interactive web maps • Supports OGC services
- 25. • Introduction toOpen Layers • OpenLayers is an open-source JavaScript library used to create, display, and interact with web-based maps in modern Web GIS applications. • Key Features of Open Layers • Open-source and free to use • Runs completely on the client side (browser) • Supports multiple map projections • Highly customizable and extensible
- 26. • Role ofOpen Layers in Web GIS • Acts as the client-side mapping library • Sends map/data requests to Map Servers • Displays responses from WMS, WFS, and REST services • Supported Data Sources • OpenStreetMap (OSM) • WMS (Web Map Service) • WFS (Web Feature Service) • GeoJSON • Tile and XYZ services
- 27. • Components ofOpen Layers • Map – Main container for displaying maps • View – Controls center, zoom, and projection • Layers – Base layers and overlay layers • Controls – Zoom, scale bar, mouse position • Advantages of OpenLayers • Platform independent • Supports interactive mapping • Integrates easily with GeoServer • Suitable for large-scale Web GIS applications
- 29. • OpenLayers: Architectureand Core Components • 1. OpenLayers Architecture • OpenLayers follows a client-side, component-based architecture where all map rendering and interaction happen in the web browser using JavaScript. • Flow: • Browser loads OpenLayers JS library • OpenLayers sends requests to GIS servers (WMS/WFS/REST) • Server returns map images or vector features • OpenLayers renders them interactively
- 30. • OpenLayers Syntax •Every OpenLayers application mainly contains: • Map • View • Layers • Controls • Interactions & Styling
- 31. • Controls inOpen Layers • What are Controls? • Controls are UI elements used to interact with the map. • Common Controls • Zoom control • Scale line • Mouse position • Fullscreen • Purpose • Improve user interaction • Enhance map usability
- 32. • Overlays inOpen Layers • What is an Overlay? • An overlay is used to display information on top of the map. • Examples • Popups • Tooltips • Feature information windows • Purpose • Display attribute data • Show location-based information dynamically
- 33. • Styling inOpen Layers • What is Styling? • Styling defines how geographic features look on the map. • Styling Options • Colors • Line width • Symbols and icons • Labels and text
- 34. • How EverythingWorks Together • Layers show data • Controls help users interact • Overlays show information • Styling improves visualization • Architecture & Syntax bind everything into one system
- 35. Introduction to GeoServer •Open-source map server • Publishes spatial data • Supports OGC standards
- 36. Introduction to GeoServer •GeoServer is an open-source server-side software written in Java, used for sharing, processing, and editing geospatial data on the web. It allows users to publish spatial data from various data sources and make it accessible through standard web services. • GeoServer follows Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards, which ensures interoperability between different GIS platforms and applications.
- 37. Key Purpose ofGeoServer • To publish spatial data (vector & raster) over the web • To enable web-based GIS applications • To support interoperable geospatial services • To act as a bridge between spatial databases and web maps
- 38. • Features ofGeoServer • Open-source and platform independent • Supports vector and raster data • Web-based graphical user interface • High performance with large datasets • Supports styling using SLD (Styled Layer Descriptor) • Easy integration with OpenLayers, Leaflet, Google Maps
- 39. • Supported DataFormats • Vector Data • Shapefile • PostGIS • GeoJSON • GML • KML • Raster Data • GeoTIFF • JPEG • PNG • ArcGrid • ImageMosaic
- 40. • OGC ServicesSupported by GeoServer • WMS (Web Map Service) – Map visualization (PNG, JPEG) • WFS (Web Feature Service) – Vector feature access & editing • WCS (Web Coverage Service) – Raster data access • WMTS (Web Map Tile Service) – Tiled map services
- 41. • GeoServer Architecture(Simple View) • Data Store – Spatial databases & files • GeoServer Core – Processes requests • OGC Services – WMS, WFS, WCS • Client Applications – Web GIS (OpenLayers, QGIS, browsers)
- 42. • Advantages • Freeand open source • OGC compliant • Easy to deploy and manage • Strong community support • Scalable and secure • Limitations • Requires Java environment • Performance tuning needed for very large datasets • Styling with SLD has a learning curve
- 43. Publishing Data inGeoServer • Add data stores • Configure layers & styles • Publish as WMS/WFS/WCS
- 44. OGC Web Services •WMS: Map images • WFS: Vector features • WCS: Raster data
- 45. Integration with OpenLayers •Consume WMS/WFS services • REST-based GIS services • Dynamic web mapping
- 46. Cloud-Based Web GISPlatforms • ArcGIS Online • Mapbox • Google Earth Engine
- 47. Applications of WebGIS • Urban planning • Disaster management • Environmental monitoring