The document discusses modernization and three common approaches: replicating the old system, a brand new system, or a gradual replacement. It recommends the gradual replacement approach, where two applications are seamlessly connected and old features are retired as new ones are integrated. This allows a business to focus on delivering value, get feedback, and decrease the risks associated with a "big bang" cutover. It provides examples of two companies that successfully modernized - one using a gradual replacement approach to build a new cloud application, and one that identified goals and built a new hosted environment.