Water Hygiene Survey and Risk Assessment Report for Al Khawarizme Kindergaren School for Girls - Doha, Qatar by Julius Neil Buenconsejo

Precision | Conﬁdentiality | Reliability
First Private Laboratory in Qatar for Food Safety
Process Dynamics Laboratories
ISO/IEC 17025:2017 ACCREDITED LABORATORY
CERTIFICATE NO: JAS TEST-083
SERVING
QATAR
SINCE 2006

Client: The Maintainers
Site Location: Al Khawarizmi Kindergarten for Girls Date: 16/03/2020
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Water Hygiene Survey and Risk Assessment Report
Process Dynamics Laboratories (PDL)
At
Al Khawarizmi Kindergarten for Girls
On behalf of
The Maintainers
Submitted on 16 March 2020
Authorised Signatory: Date: 16 March 2020
Name Print: Reference number: PDC-WRA-150201
All reports are submitted via electronic medium by default, as PDL is an advocate of environmental sustainability and
is committed to a greener future. Hard bound copies of assessments may be also be provided as requested.
Julius Neil Buenconsejo

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Purpose of this document
This document is designed to assist The Maintainers to develop risk management plans to control
Legionella growth in school properties, particularly where the system is relatively simple in design and
construction. Legionella bacteria can be spread through aerosol spray and cause outbreaks of
Legionnaires’ disease, a potentially fatal form of pneumonia. The document follows a risk
management approach, describing the actions necessary to meet these challenges.
Legionella Risk Management Strategy
The State of Qatar has developed a comprehensive strategy to reduce the incidence of Legionnaires’
disease by strengthening the regulatory framework and improving the maintenance standards for
schools, buildings and other infrastructures. Facility Management Companies have new
administrative responsibilities over the properties under its management.
Responsibilities of Facilities Management Companies
The State of Qatar thru the Ministry of Education places a number of obligations to the Facilities
Management Companies in developing a risk management plan and having that plan independently
commissioned by an approved contractor. The risk management plan must address the critical
risks derived from the relevant British Standard 8580 and ACoP L8. This document outlines the
relationship between the risks associated with current water system and the development of an
appropriate maintenance program for that system.
Key Challenges for Facilities Management Companies (FMC)
The main challenge is to take immediate steps to minimize the risks associated with water systems on
the schools for which they have responsibility. There are several other elements which are critical to
the success of a risk management approach:
• Commitment
In FMC organisations, this means management recognition that a water system is an asset
requiring careful management.
• Information Gathering and Forward Planning
It is critical that any organisation with a water system has adequate information on which to base its
decisions. This must include reviews of the water system to determine any shortfalls in design or
performance and the development and implementation of an action/upgrade plan to address any
deficiencies.
• Control and Performance Measures
FMC’s must develop reliable management systems to ensure that the system is under effective and
consistent control, especially monitoring of performance measures such as Legionella testing.
Management reporting of variances from regulations or organisational targets is also important. Such
reviews must look at more than just engineering solutions. They must also consider the people who
may be exposed and ways to minimize their exposure.

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Communication
FMC’s need to carefully consider the contractual relationships between the school administrators and
those others who are involved in management and maintenance of the school building. It is critical
that there is clear and rapid communication between the parties about safety related matters. The
final key challenge is to raise employee awareness about the water system vulnerabilities and the
programs in place to minimize the risks. This must include the development of communication plans
detailing who will be informed if Legionella is detected in the water system.
__
Declaration of Validity
This Water Risk Assessment has been thoroughly reported as far as accuracy and precision is concerned. However,
due to the fact that FMC contractor, The Maintaners, could not provide the updated water schematics and diagrams,
Process Dynamics Laboratories inspection team relied on sensory and visual investigation skill and on-site personnel
technical knowledge to be able to report the real and current status of the water distribution systems of the school
facility.
DISCLAIMER
While all due care and attention has been taken to establish the accuracy of the report published, Process Dynamics
Laboratories and the authors disclaim liability for any loss which may arise from any person acting in reliance upon
the contents of this document.
© Process Dynamics Laboratories 2020
This report is copyright. It may be reproduced without permission for purposes of research, scientific advancement,
academic discussion, recordkeeping, free distribution, educational use or other public benefit, provided that any such
reproduction acknowledges Process Dynamics Laboratories and the title and authors of the report. All commercial
rights are reserved.
Published March 2020

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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Overview ............................................................................................................................ 6
BS8580:2010....................................................................................................................................... 6
Water Risk Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 6
Key Facts ............................................................................................................................................ 7
Education and School Implications ..................................................................................................... 8
Legionnaires Disease.......................................................................................................................... 8
Risk Assessment and Inspection Schedule ........................................................................................ 8
Chapter 2 - Standards and Regulations.............................................................................................. 9
United Kingdom Health and Safety Requirements ............................................................................. 9
Qatar Water Quality Standards ........................................................................................................... 9
Water Risk Assessment Scope and Limitation ................................................................................. 10
Pre-assessment Site Visit ................................................................................................................. 10
Water Risk Inspection Outdoor Weather Conditions ........................................................................ 10
Chapter 3 – School Site Overview..................................................................................................... 11
Geographical Location and Representation...................................................................................... 11
Building Overview.............................................................................................................................. 11
Population Profile and Demographic Analysis .................................................................................. 16
Chapter 4 – Achieving Compliance................................................................................................... 17
Understanding and Following Standards and Regulations............................................................... 17
Chapter 5 – School Water Register ................................................................................................... 19
Site Water Services Register ............................................................................................................ 19
Chapter 6 – Risk Assessment Conclusion ....................................................................................... 22
Proliferation Potential ........................................................................................................................ 22
Population Susceptibility Potential .................................................................................................... 23
Population Susceptibility Criteria....................................................................................................... 23
Management Control......................................................................................................................... 24
Overall Risk....................................................................................................................................... 25
Chapter 7 – Priority Level and Risk Metering for Action Items...................................................... 26
Priority Level Criteria......................................................................................................................... 26
Action Item Risk Metering System .................................................................................................... 27
Chapter 8 – Action Items Details ....................................................................................................... 28
Managing the Risk and Record Keeping .......................................................................................... 28
Cold Water Storage Tanks – KAHRAMMA Tanks............................................................................ 29
Pump Room .................................................................................................................................. 31
Main Building Roof Top................................................................................................................. 33
Guard House Roof Top................................................................................................................. 37
Hot and Cold Water Distribution Services......................................................................................... 38

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Small Volume Water Heaters........................................................................................................ 38
Temperature Monitoring................................................................................................................ 40
Drinking Water Fountains.............................................................................................................. 41
Shower Head................................................................................................................................. 42
Shattaf / Bidet Sprays ................................................................................................................... 42
Disused / Little-used Outlets ......................................................................................................... 44
Monthly Temperature Monitoring .................................................................................................. 45
Irrigation System ........................................................................................................................... 45
Fire Fighting System ..................................................................................................................... 46
Inspection and Audit...................................................................................................................... 46
General Information, On-site observations, Inspection details and Photographic Verifications ...... 49
Area 1 – Source Water.................................................................................................................. 49
Area 2 – Main Building Roof Top .................................................................................................. 63
Area 3 – Main Building Roof Top .................................................................................................. 68
Area 4 – Guard House Roof Top .................................................................................................. 74
Main Building Area – Small Volume Water Heaters (POU).......................................................... 76
Toilet / Water Outlet Check and Inspection .................................................................................. 79
Drinking Water Fountain ............................................................................................................... 86
Shower Head................................................................................................................................. 89
Irrigation System ........................................................................................................................... 90
Fire Protection System.................................................................................................................. 95
Chapter 9 – Appendices ..................................................................................................................... 98
Appendix 1 – Risk Matrix Guide........................................................................................................ 98
Appendix 2 – Water Analysis Results ............................................................................................. 101
Appendix 3 – ACoP L8 Inspection Checklist................................................................................... 110
Appendix 4 – School Administrator Questionnaire Arabic Version................................................. 115
Appendix 5 – School Administrator Questionnaire English Version ............................................... 116
Appendix 6 – Pre-assessment Site Inspection Checklist................................................................ 117
Appendix 7 – Pre-assessment Site Floor Lay Out Sheet ............................................................... 118
Appendix 8 – On-site Water Risk Assessment Temperature Worksheet ....................................... 119
Appendix 9 – School Floor Plan...................................................................................................... 120
Appendix 10 – Glossary.................................................................................................................. 121
References......................................................................................................................................... 123

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Chapter 1 – Overview
BS 8580:2010 Water quality. Risk assessments for Legionella control. Code of practice.
The British Standard 8580:2010 gives recommendations and guidance on the assessment of the
risk of legionellosis presented by artificial water systems. It is applicable to any undertaking involving
a work activity or premises controlled in connection with a trade, business or other undertaking where
water is used or stored in circumstances that could cause a reasonably foreseeable risk of exposure
to legionellae and contracting legionellosis.
The standard is applicable to risk assessments being undertaken on premises, plant and systems for
the first time, and to review and audit where a previous assessment has been undertaken and where
control measures might have been implemented.
What is Legionellosis?
Legionellosis is an infection caused by bacteria of the genus Legionella. At least 50 species of
Legionella have been described and twenty have been associated with disease in humans, but the
predominant cause of legionnaires’ disease is L. pneumophila. Legionella spp. are opportunistic
pathogens of humans and normally inhabit warm moist or aquatic environments where they grow in
association with other organisms. Their predilection for warm water means that they are capable of
colonizing artificial water systems and equipment containing water. Legionnaires’ disease is not
transmitted from person to person, but is of environmental origin and usually contracted by inhaling
the organism in an aerosol produced from water contaminated with the organism. Aspiration of water
containing Legionella spp. can also cause infection, particularly in hospitalized individuals.
The ubiquitous occurrence of Legionella spp. means that all water systems are susceptible to
contamination with legionellae via the water supply or dust entering the system. It is therefore normal
practice to assume that a system can become contaminated.
Suitable and sufficient assessment of risks allows appropriate control measures to be put in place to
protect the health and safety of employees and members of the public who could be affected by work
activities.
Water Risk Assessment
Legionella risk assessment is no different, and is a legal requirement under the Health and Safety at
Work etc Act 1974. The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 and the Control
of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002, make specific requirements for risk
assessment. These regulations apply to the control of Legionella and are embodied in the Approved
Code of Practice and guidance document, “Legionnaires’ disease: The control of Legionella bacteria
in water systems”, otherwise known as ACoP L8.
A risk assessment is a live document, not a one-off exercise, and needs to be reviewed regularly,
ideally in anticipation of changes. It is the responsibility of the duty holder to ensure that an
assessment is carried out to identify and assess the risk of exposure to Legionella from work activities
and water systems and to put in place any necessary precautions.
The duty holder appoints a person to take day-to-day responsibility for controlling any identified risk
from Legionella bacteria. The appointed “responsible person” needs to have:
a) Sufficient standing and authority within the organization (e.g. a manager or director) and
competence and knowledge of the system to ensure that all operational procedures are carried out in
a timely and effective manner

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b) A clear understanding of their duties and the overall health and safety management structure and
policy in the organization.
If the duty holder is competent, they may appoint themselves responsible person.
A person is identified to carry out the risk assessment. This person can be an employee of the duty
holder or an external contractor. This standard gives recommendations for how such a person
conducts a risk assessment for Legionella, though the duty holder remains accountable for
implementing the recommendations (BSI 8580-1, 2019).
What is Water Risk Assessment (WRA)?
WRA is the overall process of hazard identification, risk analysis, and risk evaluation of water-related
diseases and in particular, the Legionellosis.
Legionellosis is a collective term for diseases caused by legionella bacteria including the most
serious Legionnaires’ disease, as well as the similar but less serious conditions of Pontiac fever and
Lochgoilhead fever. Legionnaires’ disease is a potentially fatal form of pneumonia and everyone is
susceptible to infection. The risk increases with age but some people are at higher risk including:
o people over 45 years of age
o smokers and heavy drinkers
o people suffering from chronic respiratory or kidney disease
o diabetes, lung and heart disease
o anyone with an impaired immune system
The bacterium Legionella pneumophila and related bacteria are common in natural water sources
such as rivers, lakes and reservoirs, but usually in low numbers. They may also be found in purpose-
built water systems such as cooling towers, evaporative condensers, hot and cold water systems and
spa pools. If conditions are favourable, the bacteria may grow increasing the risks of Legionnaires’
disease (Health and Safety Executive United Kingdom, 2020).
Key facts
In a 2018 report by the World Health Organization, the following key facts have been established:
 The bacterium L. pneumophila was first identified in 1977, as the cause of an outbreak of
severe pneumonia in a convention centre in the USA in 1976.
 The most common form of transmission of Legionella is inhalation of contaminated aerosols
produced in conjunction with water sprays, jets or mists. Infection can also occur by aspiration
of contaminated water or ice, particularly in susceptible hospital patients.
 Legionnaires’ disease has an incubation period of 2 to 10 days (but up to 16 days has been
recorded in some outbreaks).
 Death occurs through progressive pneumonia with respiratory failure and/or shock and multi-
organ failure.
 Untreated Legionnaires’ disease usually worsens during the first week.
 Of the reported cases 75–80% are over 50 years and 60–70% are male.

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Education and School Implications
In 2015, the first documented research in Qatar revealed that high Legionella count was present
in cooling towers systems. Ten CTs located at Qatar University were selected as a representative
model for CTs in Qatar. A total of 94 water samples were collected from these CTs from November
2013 to July 2014. As a result, Legionella species were found in 100% of the samples collected. High
counts were mainly seen in May and July in the old and new CT units, respectively (Aziz et.al.,
2015).
Such cases were not isolated in the country, for instance, a German International School in Dubai
was closed in September 2018 due Legionnaires’ scare. The Dubai Electricity and Water Authority
stated that the potable water supplied to the school is compliant with international potable water
standards and World Health Organisation guidelines for drinking water quality (The National, 2018).
How is Legionnaires' disease caught?
Legionnaires’ disease is normally acquired by inhalation or aspiration of legionellae from a
contaminated environmental source. The first evidence of the association between potable water from
shower and nosocomial legionellosis was reported approximately 20 years ago, and the hot water
system is thought to be the most frequent source of cases or outbreaks within a hospital (Borella et.al.
2004).
Control of Legionella in Schools and Educational Institutions
School premises and facilities, where students spend much of their time, must ensure that all health
and safety issues are properly addressed and mitigated, particularly the Legionnaires’ disease.
Hence, the control and prevention of Legionnaire’s disease is certainly a top priority for school
administrators as well as the Ministry of Education. Legionella Water Risk Assessment is important to
guarantee the safety of students, staff and visitors.
Risk Assessment and Inspection Schedule
The nature of the school made it challenging to organize the Water Risk Assessment and Inspection.
The PDL WRA team devised a schedule to conduct the on-site inspection to cover the requirements
of ACOP L8:
Table 1: Risk Assessment and Inspection Schedule
Date Task
February 10, 2020 Pre-assessment
February 12, 2020 Assessment / Inspection (Outdoor)
February 15, 2020 Assessment / Inspection (Indoor / Closed Loop System)

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Chapter 2 – Standards and Regulations
United Kingdom Health and Safety Requirements
The United Kingdom (UK) Health and Safety Standards guidance in undertaking a Water Risk
Assessment is provided by the following standards:
 Approved Code of Practice (L8) Fourth Edition 2013
 Approved Health and Safety Act 1974 (Sections 2, 3, 4, & 6)
 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health regulations (6, 7, 8, 9, & 12)
Qatar Water Quality Requirements
KAHRAMAA (The Qatar General Water and Electricity Corporation) is responsible by the decree Law
No. 45 / 2009 for the drinking water supply in Qatar. Drinking water is produced by desalinating sea-
water and groundwater. There are mainly seven thermal seawater desalination plants, six of these
plants use thermal Multi-Stage-Flash (MSF) and one uses Multi Effect distillation (MED) process and
all together have production capacity of around 325 Million gallons per day.
For most water quality parameters, two requirements are set by KAHRAMAA :
1) Water quality Requirements at Treatment Outlet: these are the water quality targets for
water at the point at which it leaves the water treatment plant. (These requirements are part of
water quality management requirements set by KAHRAMAA for water producers to adhere
with, such as water safety plan implementation, intake water monitoring and etc.,)
2) Water Quality Requirements at Entry Point-to-Property: these are the water quality
targets in distribution system until the entry points of KAHRAMAA’s water supply system to
properties.
For the basis of all water quality and testing requirement, PDL shall use the State of Qatar
KAHRAMAA Drinking Water Quality Standards.
Table 2: KAHRAMAA Drinking Water Standard Specification
Parameter Units
GSO/Qatari
Standard
Water Quality Produced at
Outlet Point
Water Quality
in
Distribution
System
Technical Details
Min / Max
Level
Frequency of
Testing
Temperature C0
Acceptable
Acceptable
(Less than
450
C)
Daily Acceptable
In Qatar there is
general acceptance
that the water can
be hot, however
45o
C is the highest
acceptable at
desalination plants
delivery point.
Legionella
Organisms per
100 ml
No Standard
Value
Nil / <1 - Nil / <1
These organisms
can be present in
hot waters such as
occur in the Qatar
distribution system.
As the temperature
of Qatar’s water
can be in the
vicinity of 35-45°C,
legionella ,
Pseudomonas and

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N. floweri. presents
a medium risk for
the water system.
Water Risk Assessment Scope and Limitation
This Water Risk Assessment (WRA) was conducted based on the information provided by the Facility
Management Company, The Maintainers, and supported by the on-site visual inspection for
verification. It is also noted, that due to the building structures’ condition and status, an updated
schematics, lay outs and drawings of all water registers are not readily available at the moment.
Hence, all data and designs described in this report are collected based on the inspectors’ thorough
assessment of the school.
Pre-assessment site visit
A pre-assessment site visit was undertaken by the PDL team to survey each school, due to the
absence of water register schematics, to record and inspect the schools’ orientation, design and
landscape and to:
 Conduct an initial visual assessment
 Determine the initial limits of the water risk assessment
 Conduct a safety assessment
 Perform on-site personnel interview for technical review
The WRA team documented the pre-assessment site visit in an appropriate form, reviewed and
evaluated for the preparation of the on-site water risk assessment inspection proper.
Water Risk Inspection Outdoor Weather Conditions
The weather condition during the inspection proper was also recorded to see the effect of different
weather patterns in water conditions to serve as a guide for consideration for the written water policy
scheme.
Table 3. Inspection Day Weather Condition
Inspection Date February 15, 2020
Outside Temperature 17
0
C
Feels Like 17
0
C
Condition Sunny
Highest temperature 25
0
C
Lowest Temperature 16
0
C
UV Index 2 of 10
Wind SE at 15 to 30 km/h
Humidity 54%
At the time of inspection, the weather condition within the Al Gharaffa area and the school vicinity is
mostly sunny with some gust of the wind.

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Chapter 3 – School Site Overview
Geographical Location and Representation
The school name is Al Khawarizmi Independent School for Girls, situated in Al Gharaffa, Al Rayyan
and located at exact coordinates, 25.35
0
N and 51.44
0
E. It is a 12-classroom school with an estimated
population of approximately 250 people and has a land area of 10,234.83 m
2
or 110,167 ft
2
.
Figure 1. Site Location: Al Khawarizmi Independent KG school for girls
Building Overview
This report refers to the Water Hygiene Survey and Risk Assessment Inspection performed at Al
Khawarizmi Kindergarten school for Girls. The inspection and assessment was commissioned by
Process Dynamics Laboratories (PDL) on 10
th
– 15
th
February 2020 on behalf of The Maintainers.

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Al Khawarizmi Kindergarten is an independent school for Kindergarten (KG) girls as classified by the
Ministry of Education. It is located in Al Hateem Street, Al Gharaffa, State of Qatar. Based on the site
survey and the floor lay out, the building is divided into the following areas:
1. Admin Area (Reception / Nurse Room / Offices)
2. KG 1 Wing (KG 1 classrooms / Teachers office)
3. Common Hall (Indoor Playground open space)
4. KG 2 Wing (KG 2 classrooms / Teachers office)
5. Open Area (Lawn / Playground)
Typical Classroom Design / Layout
Kindergarten Classroom Design Layout
KG1 / F Classroom Layout Kitchen / Pantry (Needs housekeeping)

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Typical Classroom Door Entrance Classroom Design / Lay Out
Figure 2. Kindergarten Classroom Layout
Typical Toilet Design / Layout
Kindergarten Toilet Layout
2 Wall Hung sink with 2 hot & cold monobloc
taps
Children's Toilet w/ Push-button Type 1

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Children's Toilet w/ Push-button Type 2 Typical Toilet Floor Lay Out
Figure 3. Kindergarten Toilet Layout
The school is serviced by a water supply network consisting of the following water distribution system:
Qatar General Electricity & Water Corporation (KAHRAMAA) main water supply is stored in two
number of 2,000 gallon (USG) water storage tank for domestic usage, 2 number 2,000 gallon (USG)
water storage tank for irrigation usage and one number 3,000 gallon (USG) for fire water storage tank.
In order to supply clean water to the main building, the source water is pumped into four number of
800 gallon (USG) water storage tank installed on the roof top, which then serves the water demand of
the school.
 Main water storage room (Pump room) housed 3,000-gallon (US) Fire Water Tank, 2 x 2,000-
gallon (US) Irrigation Water Tanks, 2 x 2,000-gallon (US) Domestic Water Tanks.
 Roof top tanks comprised of 4 x 800-gallon (US) Domestic Cold Water Tanks.
 There are 19 rooms that utilize water on a daily basis.
 Each rooms are equipped with point-of-use (POU) storage water heater (Tank-type) installed
on the ceiling for hot water supply.
 Admin area has 4 rooms equipped with water taps: Mistress room, Common Toilet, Kitchen
and Nurse room.
 Mistress room has 1 toilet, 1 monobloc tap, 1 wall-hung water sink and 1 bidet spray. A 50-
liter POU vertical ceiling-mounted storage water heater is installed.
 Common toilet has 2 monobloc tap, 2 drop-in sink and 3 bidet sprays. A 50-liter POU vertical
ceiling-mounted storage water heater is also installed.
 Kitchen / Pantry area is equipped with stainless steel top mount double bowl water sink with 1
swan neck water tap.

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 Nurse room has 1 monobloc tap and 1 wall-hung water sink.
 Total of 12 classrooms for KG1 (6 rooms) and KG2 (6 rooms). Each room has 1 kitchen , 1
toilet, 1 top mount double bowl water sink with 1 swan neck water tap, 2 monobloc taps, 2
wall-hung sinks and 2 bidet sprays. A 50-liter POU vertical ceiling-mounted storage water
heater is installed in each room.
 There are 2 stainless steel fully-recessed drinking fountains with cuspidor located in the
common hall: 1 near the KG 1 pass thru hall way access and 1 near KG 2 pass thru hall way
access.
 There are 2 cleaner rooms: one located in the Ground Floor and the other one located in the
Mezzanine Floor (Little used). Ground Floor has 3 monobloc taps, 3 pedestal water sinks, 2
bidet sprays and POU vertical ceiling-mounted storage water heater. Mezzanine has 1
monobloc tap, and 1 drop-in sink. A 50-liter POU vertical ceiling-mounted storage water
heater is also installed.
 Guard house has a stainless steel top mount single bowl water sink with 1 monobloc tap, 1
monobloc tap, 1 pedestal sink, 1 wall-mounted thermostatic bath shower mixer tap, 1
handheld shower system, 1 bidet spray and POU vertical ceiling-mounted storage water
heater. It has also 1 x Roof Top Domestic Water Storage Tank.
 The school water irrigation system consists of an in-ground and above-ground network. The
in-ground consists of 120 fixed spray sprinklers around the main building and 48 playground
lawn fixed spray sprinklers. The above-ground consists of 12 soaker hose water irrigation for
the plants and 29 soaker hose water irrigation for the trees.
The irrigation system location and details are outlined below:
Figure 4. Aerial View of Al Khawarizmi Independent Kindergarten School for Girls
1 – Lawn # 1
1 – Lawn # 2
Side Lawn # 3
Side Lawn # 4
Side Lawn # 5Side Lawn # 6
Side Lawn # 7
Side Lawn # 8
Side Lawn # 9
Plant Bed Border
Trees

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These areas were manually inspected on-site and logged into the water registration packet.
The figure described above, specifics and representations are detailed in the table below:
Table 4. Irrigation System Descriptive Presentation
S/N Irrigation System # of Water Register Location
1 Lawn # 1 24 Playground area / Back of school
2 Lawn # 2 24 Playground area / Back of school
3 Side Lawn # 3 12 Adjacent to KG 1 / F room
4 Side Lawn # 4 20 Adjacent to KG 1 / D – KG 1 / E room
5 Side Lawn # 5 20 Adjacent to KG 1 / B – KG 1 / C room
6 Side Lawn # 6 16 Adjacent to KG 1 / A – KG 2 / F room
7 Side Lawn # 7 20 Adjacent to KG 2 / D – KG 2 / E room
8 Side Lawn # 8 20 Adjacent to KG 2 / B – KG 2 / C room
9 Side Lawn # 9 12 Adjacent to KG 2 / A room
10 Raised Plant Bed Concrete
Border
12 Adjacent to Lawn # 1, Lawn # 2 and
covered Playground area
11 School Trees 29 Scattered around the campus
(Outdoor)
The school opens from 0700 hours until 1400 hours, which is the prescribed period for Kindergarten,
as per Ministry of Education of Qatar. The normal school days are from Sundays to Thursdays.
Fridays and Saturdays are considered weekend and therefore no classes during these days.
Due to restrictions of girl schools in Qatar, the inspection was scheduled on dismissals and weekend.
The school occupancy during the site assessment was at about 3.85%. Only five (5) utility personnel,
three (3) cleaners and two (2) security guards were present throughout the inspection.
It has also been identified that the population concentration are mainly in the twelve (12) classrooms
for KG 1 and KG 2. The rest of the facility and other rooms are occupied based on the school
calendar of activities while the others are office areas for school administrators.
Population Profile and Demographic Analysis
Since this is an independent school facility, there is limited number of adults present in the campus
and mostly pupils aged from 4-5 years old are the majority in population.
Table 5. Population Profile
Profile Count
Adults 45
Adults (Older than 45 years of age) 7
Student population 199
Average number of students per class 25
Since the school population is composed of 81.71% KG students and 99.19% are female, the sample
population is considered to be a typical cross section and the group susceptibility if suddenly exposed
to Legionella is deemed to be from low to normal level of risk.

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Chapter 4 – Achieving Compliance
Achieving Compliance: Understanding and Following Standards and Regulations
In order to ensure compliance with standards and regulations, there must be a risk management plan
for each site or school, which takes the risk assessment and creates a process for monitoring and
validating the risks identified by referencing the British Standard BS 8580:2010 (Water Quality. Risk
Assessments for Legionella. Code of Practice) and Approved Code of Practice (ACoP L8). (European
Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2010)
This site-specific risk assessment plan consists of four phases: assessment, monitoring, management
and review.
Figure 5. Water Risk Management Plan Cycle
Approved Code of Practice (ACOP) has been used as a guide for the requirements of the Health and
Safety at Work etc Act 1974 (the HSW Act) and the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
Regulations 2002 (COSHH) and its application to the risk from exposure to legionella bacteria (the
causative agent of legionellosis, including Legionnaires’ disease). In addition, it has been used as
reference guide on sections 2, 3, 4 and 6 of the HSW Act and regulatiosns 6, 7, 8, 9 and 12 of
COSHH. The Code also gives guidance on compliance with the relevant parts of the Management of
Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (the Management Regulations).
This risk assessment emphasizes responsibility on employers and those with responsibilities for the
control of premises, i.e. schools. And to comply with their legal duties, school administrators should:
a) Identify and assess sources of risk. This includes checking whether conditions will encourage
bacteria to multiply.
b) prepare a written scheme for preventing or controlling the risk

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c) Implement, manage and monitor precautions – if control measures are to remain effective,
regular monitoring of the systems and control measures is essential.
d) Keep records of the precautions
e) Appoint a competent person with sufficient authority and knowledge of the installation
This risk assessment report has outlined the action items and provided technical and management
recommendation. All action items and recommendations must be fulfilled according to the risk degree
factor to achieve compliance and conformity to the regulations and standards.
PDL conducted thorough inspection, documented water register records and identified potential
hazards within the schools’ water systems and recommended actions to reduce the risk of legionella
outbreaks. The Water Risk Assessors evaluated the building water systems susceptible to Legionella
colonization either by inhalation or aspiration of legionellae from a contaminated environmental
source. The report includes full and detailed assessment of all water related plant that comprised of
routine operation and regular system usage such as breakdown, operational interruption, system
failure and other unforeseen conditions.
Wherever water aerosols can be created there is a risk of infection. Generally, any individual who
encounters aerosols containing Legionella may be susceptible to the disease but the risk is higher for
males than females aged over 45, a smoker or if the persons’ immune system is impaired. Young
people and children tend to be less susceptible to Legionnaires’ disease. (HSA Ireland, 2010)
Thus, in assessing and evaluating the risk and drawing up recommendation, the population profile
had been taken into careful consideration:
a) Population profile includes highly susceptible individuals i.e. age, illness, immunosuppression,
smoker etc.
b) Population at risk is high i.e. densely populated areas
Supporting the population susceptibility, this water risk assessment adhered to ACoP L8
requirements, and reported the following for compliance:
 Risk of Water Droplet Formation
 Risk of Bacteria Proliferation
 Details of water systems operations and specifications
 Degree of risk and its nature (system/management)
 Mitigation of risk
 Short term and long term recommendation
However, since this is the first water risk assessment commissioned for the school, the water risk
assessment plan and water management system must be reviewed regularly and in this case, on an
annual basis or whenever there is a requirement to re-assess and revise the original assessment. Re-
assessment may be commissioned provided, but not limited to:
 Changes to the plant or water systems or its use
 Changes to the use of building itself
 The availability of new information relating to the control of any risk
 As a result of routine checking, indicating that control measures are no longer effective
 A Legionnaires’ disease / Legionellosis is associated with the system
PDL Risk Assessors have the necessary understanding, training and experience to be able to
demonstrate competence, but PDL is not accredited to any “Legionella Control Association (LCA)”in
Qatar.

Page | 19
Chapter 5 – School Water Services Register
Site Water Services Register
Source Water Supply Company : KAHRAMAA (The Qatar General Water and Electricity Corporation)
Incoming Water Main Line : Single Main 54 mm or approximately 2-inch Incomer Pipe
Suppression System : Fire Hose Reel & Fire Extinguishers
A thorough on-site manual inspection conducted summarizes the extent of water services installations
and is considered true and correct at the time review. Registration is limited to sensory evaluation and
visual qualification of the site assessors.
Hence, the absence of old or updated schematic diagrams cannot guarantee that all pipework over
ground, underground, through floorings, walls and ceilings has been traced and accounted for. There
is a possibility that certain groundwork, dead ends or dead legs may have been unidentified.
Table 6. Summary of Water Registers
No. Site Water Register Services Available (Yes/No) No. of Systems
1 Main Water Supply to property Yes 1
2 Cold Water Storage and Distribution
Services
Yes
7 (Total)
2 Main Domestic
Water Tanks
5 Roof top Domestic
Water Tanks
3 Cold Water Taps / Outlets
Yes
47
1 Little Used*
4 Domestic Hot Water Services Yes 19
Small Volume Water Heater (POU) Vertical POU
5 Hot Water Taps / Outlets
Yes
47
1 Little used*
6 Showerheads Yes 1
7 Pump Stations Yes 1
8 Drinking Fountains Yes 2
9 Sprinkler and Hose Reel System
Yes
3 Fire Hose Reels
1 Breeching Inlet
10 Thermostatic Bath Shower Mixer Tap
(Wall-mounted)
Yes 1
11 Outdoor Irrigation Sprinkler (Fixed spray
Sprinklers)
Yes 168

Page | 20
12 Above-ground Soaker Hose Irrigation
System
Yes 41
13 Irrigation System Yes 2 Water Tanks
14 Shataff Sprays (Bidet) Yes 33
15 Fire Water Tank Yes 1
*1 monobloc tap (cold / hot) with drop in sink at Mezzanine floor – Cleaner room
To illustrate the locations of the water tanks within the school vicinity, the details are outlined below:
Figure 6. Aerial View of the Schools’ Water Distribution System
Area 1: Source Water
Area 2: Domestic Water Area 3: Domestic Water
Area 4: Domestic Water

Page | 21
Main water source are being distributed in the Pump room, where the domestic water tanks are
installed. The reservoirs are automatically replenished based on the demand of water for a period of
time. From these 2,000-gallon tanks, the water is pumped to the roof water storage tanks to serve the
main building: Area 2 serves the KG1 wing and Area 3 serves the KG2 wing.
Table 7. School Water Distribution System Details
Description Location Capacity Water Register Tag / MOE #
Pump Room
Domestic Water Tank # 1 Area 1 2000 US Gallons 00016188
Irrigation Water Tank # 3 Area 1 2000 US Gallons 00016186
Irrigation Water Tank # 4 Area 1 2000 US Gallons 00016185
Pump Room
Fire Water Tank Area 1 3000 US Gallons --
Main Building Roof Top
Domestic Water Tank # 5 Area 2 / KG 1 Wing 800 US Gallons 00016976
Guard House
Drinking Water Type
KG1 Water Fountain KG1 Wing Refrigerated 00017220
KG2 Water Fountain KG2 Wing Refrigerated 00017214
Legend:
-- Data / MOE Sticker unavailable
It can be noted that these water tanks are installed in open areas, where weather conditions might
contribute to the water quality and integrity, such extreme temperatures during the summer season,
sand storms and other natural outdoor phenomenon.

Page | 22
Chapter 6 – Risk Assessment Conclusion
The risk matrix guidelines can be found in the appendices of this report.
Table 8. Proliferation Potential
Risk Criteria
Risk Rating
System
Capacity &
Turnover
System
Design &
Materials of
Construction
System
Condition
Control
Strategy
Aerosol
Exposure
Potential
Risk Score
Very High
5
High Risk
Systems
High Risk
Systems
present /
Issues
Identified
High Risk
Systems
present /
Issues
Identified
High Risk
Systems
present /
Issues
Identified
High Risk
System
generating
aerosol
22 - 25
High
4
System
Comprises
high risk
system without
or significant
issues present
on hot and cold
water system
System
Comprises
high risk
system without
or significant
issues present
on hot and cold
water system
System
Comprises
high risk
system without
or significant
issues present
on hot and cold
water system
System
Comprises
high risk
system without
or significant
issues present
on hot and cold
water system
Multiple
Showers
present
17 - 21
Medium
3
Minimal water
storage. Some
issues
identified
Hot or Cold
water system
showing with
design and
construction
issues
Hot or Cold
water system
showing signs
of
contamination
Some
temperature
control issues
identified
A single
shower
12 - 16
Low
2
Minimal water
storage. No
issues
identified
Only low risk
actions
identified
Slight
contamination
Temperature
control is
absolute
Sink Splash
Only – large
site
06 - 11
Insignificant
1
No storage, no
lack of use
No issues.
Minimal stored
water at point
of use
No stored
water and
clean
No stored
water and good
temperature
control
Sink Splash
Only – small
site
5
Total Score
Site Score 3 3 4 3 3 16
Interpretation:
The proliferation potential risk for the site was tallied equal to 15, which is equivalent to Medium Risk
Rating. The medium rating was due to the issues recorded below:
 The primary findings that resulted to the “Medium“ level of risk is due to the following:
o Presence of Shower (with stored hot and cold water)
o Scaling in bidet sprays
o Debris in water tanks
 Cleaner room mezzanine pantry is suspected to be classified as little used, as per on-site
inspection. This must be reviewed, tagged, checked and confirmed on a regular basis. All
trails of actions must be recorded in the site log sheet.

Page | 23
Table 9. Population Susceptibility Potential
Risk Rating Population Description
Risk
Score
Very High
A significant population of at risk types identified who could be
exposed to the sites water systems
47
High
A population of at risk types identified who could be exposed to sites
water systems
36
Medium Normal cross section of the population 17
Low
Access strictly controlled to non at risk groups, some visitors and
contractors site visit whose susceptibility is unknown
10
Insignificant
Access strictly controlled to non at risk groups and those with
temporary susceptibility not permitted access
5
Population Susceptibility Score Total: 17
Interpretation:
The school population were mainly children and the number of adults on-site was low, thus, this is
considered a typical cross section of the sample population. The group susceptibility if exposed to
aerosol carrying Legionella is to be a normal level of risk.
Table 10. Population Susceptibility Criteria
Risk Criteria
Risk Rating Age (>45) Health Lifestyle Immunodeficiency Risk Score
Very High
5
Significant
number of
individuals aged
>45
Significant
number of
individuals
suffering from
disease
(Diabetes, Lung,
Heart etc.)
Significant
number of
individuals have
lifestyle issues
(Smoker / Heavy
Drinkers)
Significant
number of
individuals have
immunodeficiency
22 - 25
High
4
A population of
individuals aged
>45
A population of
individuals
suffering from
disease
(Diabetes, Lung,
Heart etc.)
A population of
individuals have
lifestyle issues
(Smoker / Heavy
Drinkers)
A population of
individuals have
immunodeficiency
17 - 21
Medium
3
A number of
individuals aged
>45
A number of
individuals
suffering from
disease
(Diabetes, Lung,
Heart etc.)
A number of
individuals have
lifestyle issues
(Smoker / Heavy
Drinkers)
A number of
individuals have
immunodeficiency
12 - 16
Low
2
A few of
individuals aged
>45
A few of
individuals
suffering from
disease
(Diabetes, Lung,
Heart etc.)
A few of
individuals have
lifestyle issues
(Smoker / Heavy
Drinkers)
A few of
individuals have
immunodeficiency
06 - 11
Insignificant
1
Very few of
individuals aged
>45
Very few of
individuals
suffering from
disease
(Diabetes, Lung,
Heart etc.)
Very few of
individuals have
lifestyle issues
(Smoker / Heavy
Drinkers)
Very few of
individuals have
immunodeficiency
5

Page | 24
Site Score 1 1 1 1 Total: 4*
Interpretation
The school population is considered to be a low risk group when exposed to aerosol carrying
Legionella due to the healthy characteristics and state of the sample population.
*Outbreaks occur when two or more people are exposed to Legionella in the same place and get sick at about the
same time. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, USA)
Management Control
Risk Criteria
Risk Rating
Policy &
Communication
Written Scheme Training Records Risk Score
Very High
5
No evidence
found
No evidence
found
No evidence
found
No evidence
found
18 – 20
High
4
Omissions and/or
deficiencies
identified
Omissions and/or
deficiencies
identified
Omissions and/or
deficiencies
identified
Omissions and/or
deficiencies
identified
14 – 17
Medium
3
A minor omission
identified and/or
minor deficiencies
identified
A minor omission
identified and/or
minor deficiencies
identified
A minor omission
identified and/or
minor deficiencies
identified
A minor omission
identified and/or
minor deficiencies
identified
10 – 13
Low
2
No omissions
identified, a minor
deficiency
identified
No omissions
identified, a minor
deficiency
identified
No omissions
identified, a minor
deficiency
identified
No omissions
identified, a minor
deficiency
identified
5 – 9
Insignificant
1
No omissions or
deficiencies
identified
No omissions or
deficiencies
identified
No omissions or
deficiencies
identified
No omissions or
deficiencies
identified
4
Site Score 5 5 5 5 Total: 20
Interpretation:
The site score is tallied at 20, which translates to a “VERY HIGH” management control risk. The high
rating was due to the issues recorded below:
 No Water Safety Plan, Policy and Communication protocol on-site.
 Not in the scope of works of PDL or any other contractor.
 Absence of written water examination scheme
 Monitoring needs to be thorough to ensure all hot water heaters are working at optimum level.
This must be monitored at least once a year.
 A full water management quality control program must be implemented detailing the chain of
responsibilities, written protocols and out of specification results.

Page | 25
Overall Risk Rating
Risk Rating Risk Description Risk
Score
Very High Where it is certain or near certain that the exposure will occur, and a
susceptible population will be present
96 – 117
High Where exposure will often occur, and the presence of a susceptible
population is foreseeable
63 – 95
Medium Where exposure will sometimes occur, and the presence of a
vulnerable population whilst foreseeable is limited
42 – 62
Low Where exposure will seldom occur, and only a very small susceptible
population is foreseeable on an infrequent basis
20 – 41
Insignificant Exposure and Presence of a susceptible population is not foreseeable 0 – 19
Overall Rating Score Total: 60
Interpretation:
The general overall risk score given to the school site is tallied at 60, which is categorized as a
“Medium” risk rating. The medium rating was due to the issues recorded below:
 At the time of inspection, and due to the absence of a written scheme, the assessors relied on
the technical interview with the on-site technician and validated by the visual inspection made,
the water control regime being conducted are water tank cleaning and verified by the water
analysis testing.
 Based on the recent water analysis, there were no Legionella detected on all the sampling
points, thus, implementation of control measures must be commissioned to eliminate or
mitigate the risk of Legionellosis. In addition to the routine microbiological testing, chemical
analysis* is required for source water and other critical sampling areas.
 The shower head in Area 4 – Guard house must ne regularly cleaned and the water
temperature must be monitored regularly due to one security personnel aged more than 45
years old.
 All recommendations and action items detailed in this report must be implemented to lower
the risk rating from medium to low.
*Refer to KAHRAMAA Water Quality and Drinking Water Standards recommendations.

Page | 26
Chapter 7 – Priority Level and Risk Metering for Action Items
PDL employs a color-coded prioritization system to simplify the reporting and implementation of the
actions plans. To ensure the health and safety of the school personnel and pupils, the Maintainers
must follow the action items and implemented according to the highest priority in order to reduce risk
of Legionellosis. The target date of completion of the action points is ranked based on the priority
rating and urgency. The timescales enumerated below is the recommended action timelines, and
must be followed according to its risk rating.
Priority Level Criteria
Colour Code Priority Level Action required
RED HIGH
Immediate Action Required
To be completed as soon as
reasonably practicable
These are urgent and critical
actions and directly relate to an
uncontrollable scenario and
exposure on an unacceptable
risk level
YELLOW MODERATE
Warning, cause for concern
To be completed within 3
months
These action items relates to
deviation in international and
local standards, regulations,
codes of practice and legal
frameworks. Must be targeted
to complete within a month or
planned as low as reasonably
practicably in weekly milestones
or in phases or within three
months.
BLUE MINOR
Improvement Required
To be completed w/in 6 months
These are action items that
deemed low risk within the
existing system or procedures
in reference to the accepted
standards and industry best
practices.

Page | 27
Action Item Risk Metering System
LR - Legionella Risk Metering Guide
LR - Legionella Risk Metering has been used to prioritize corrective actions relating directly
to legionella control. Our assessment is based on the residual risk with the current design &
control systems in place. Failure of the current control system could easily result in the
water system reverting to a far higher risk rating - the water systems inherent risk.
Level 0  HAZARD (Legionellosis) x LIKELIHOOD (Very Low) = RISK (Minimal)
 No additional action required.
Level 1  HAZARD (Legionellosis) x LIKELIHOOD (Low) = RISK (Slight risk under
abnormal operating conditions)
 Take actions when other more significant risks have been completed.
Level 2  HAZARD (Legionellosis) x LIKELIHOOD (Possible) = RISK (Possible risk with
existing operating conditions)
 Take actions when operationally practicable, time periods often programmed to fit
with shutdowns or planned maintenance.
Level 3  HAZARD (Legionellosis) x LIKELIHOOD (Present) = RISK (Probable risk with
existing operating conditions)
 Take actions as soon as possible, time periods are typically a few months
maximum.
Level 4  HAZARD (Legionellosis) x LIKELIHOOD (High) = RISK (Imminent risk of harm or
loss)
 Take immediate action to reduce the risk, this may include taking systems off line.
GR - General Risk Metering Guide
GR - General Risk Rating has been used to prioritize corrective actions relating to general safety
concerns, such as working at heights, or scalding risks.
Level 0  No additional action required.
Level 1  Take actions when other more significant risks have been completed.
Level 2  Take actions when operationally practicable.
Level 3  Take actions as soon as possible.
Level 4  Take immediate action to reduce risk.
Actions identified in risk assessments are often designed to achieve low risk or no risk status on
completion; in practical terms this isn’t always achievable. To this end, BS8580:2010 introduced the
concept of A.L.A.R.P (As Low As Reasonably Practicable) into legionella risk assessment. This
amounts to a more pragmatic approach to remedial works and control measures ensuring that each
risk system is being managed appropriately according to the inherent risk. (Water Hygiene Center,
2017)
Action items are detailed on the next section of this report.
To be as objective as possible, PDL have referenced all the findings based on the Approved Code of
Practice (ACOP) advice on the requirements of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 (the HSW
Act)1 and the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH)2 applied to the
risk from exposure to legionella bacteria (the causative agent of legionellosis, including Legionnaires’
disease). (ACoP L8, 2013)

Page | 28
Chapter 8 – Action Items Details
Managing the risk and Record Keeping
General on-site observations: There was one technician on-site who is handling the daily
operations of the school. He is the overall in-charge for school and other maintenance issues.
However, there were no on-site records and documents presented when requested during the water
risk assessment inspection.
1.) The HSW Act applies to the risks from exposure to legionella bacteria that may arise from work
activities. The Management Regulations provide a broad framework for controlling health and safety
at work. As well as requiring risk assessments, they also require employers to have access to
competent help in applying the provisions of health and safety law; to establish procedures for
workers if there are situations presenting serious, imminent danger; and for co-operation and co-
ordination where two or more employers or self-employed people share a workplace. (ACoP L8,
2013)
This WRA will validate the long-term commitment of the school to ensure the health and safety of its
stakeholders by providing high water quality at all times. The water management system must be
made site specific that contains pertinent details outlined below:
 Appointment of a competent person or persons / duty holder to help undertake the measures
needed to comply with the requirements in COSHH.
 A formal health and safety management system for water systems must be implemented
based on the risk assessment carried out for site.
 The site-specific water management policy for Legionella control must demonstrate the
schools’ commitment in ensuring the water quality at its best and the required resources are
available as needed. The policy must also include the COSHH requirement for risk
elimination, approved water fittings and materials to be used for the water system.
 Define staff responsibilities and lines of communication properly and document them clearly in
the water management system. This must include duty holder, contractors and sub-
contractors.
 Details of the contact arrangements for emergency call-out personnel should be clearly
displayed at access points to all automatically or remotely controlled water systems.
 Communications and management procedures are particularly important where several
people are responsible for different aspects of the operational procedures. In such
circumstances, responsibilities should be well defined in writing and understood by all
concerned. Lines of communication should be clear, unambiguous and audited regularly to
ensure they are effective. This also applies to outside companies and consultants who may
be responsible for certain parts of the control regime.
 The written scheme should include, where appropriate, and with reference to the risk
assessment: (a) an up-to-date plan showing the layout of the plant or water system, including
parts temporarily out of use (a schematic diagram is sufficient); (b) a description of the correct
and safe operation of the system; (c) the precautions to take; (d) checks to carry out to ensure
the written scheme is effective and the frequency of such checks; (e) the remedial action to
take if the written scheme is shown to be not effective.
 Site specific task list must identify all personnel in charge with the water management system
of their specific responsibilities including the daily monitoring and maintenance. And in the
event of absence of the person in charge, there must a contingency plan in place.

Page | 29
 Regular reviews of the on-site worksheets, water logbooks and checklists must be done to
ensure compliance of the water system.
 Water System Management personnel training and competency certificate copies must be
filed.
 Site precautions are continuously applied and that adequate information is available. Keep
records of the assessment, the precautionary measures, and the treatments. All records
should be signed, verified or authenticated by those people performing the various tasks
assigned to them.
 The duty holder should also ensure that all employees involved in work that may expose an
employee or other person to legionella are given suitable and sufficient information,
instruction and training. This includes information, instruction and training on the significant
findings of the risk assessment and the appropriate precautions and actions they need to take
to safeguard themselves and others.
 Documented corrective actions in the event of positive result for Legionella from the water
system.
Risk Meter 4 3 2 1 0
Number of items that require attention - Legionella risks 7 0 0 0 0
Number of items that require attention - General risks 6 0 0 0 0
PRIORITY LEVEL: HIGH Compliance Task
Action item for: The Maintainers Action item signed off complete:
Action item completed by (date): Comments:
Cold Water Storage Tanks KAHRAMAA Tank
2. Cold Water Storage Tanks are located in Area 1 and installed in the Pump Room. Accessibility is
challenging for remedial works, routine inspections and monitoring due to the room design.
General on-site observations: The Pump room is surrounded by concrete walls but no roofing fitted,
hence, the storage tanks are exposed in open air. Inside the Pump room are 2 domestic water tanks,
2 irrigation water tank and 1 fire water tank. There is a big hole on top of the domestic water # 2,
which is accessible for foreign materials or objects. There is also water leaking coming from the
irrigation water tank # 4. The general cleanliness of the room is unsatisfactory, thus, needed
regular housekeeping schedule.
Health and Safety Hazards: For water tank inspection, there is a 6 ft. Aluminum Twin Step Ladder
for use, however, due the nature of the room, aisles are too cramp, narrow, and slight floor elevation,
there is a probability of slipping and falling hazard. (Note: Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) requires that fall protection be provided at elevations of four feet in general
industry workplaces)

Page | 30
Description Capacity MOE # Tank Water Temperature
Pump Room
Domestic Water Tank # 1 2000 US Gallons 00016188 23.9
0
C
0
C
Irrigation Water Tank # 3 2000 US Gallons 00016186 22.1
0
C
Irrigation Water Tank # 4 2000 US Gallons 00016185 29.3
0
C
Pump Room
Fire Water Tank 3000 US Gallons -- NA
Legend:
NA – No access
 Tank water temperature logged at an average of 23.175
0
C within the water temperature
specification of KAHRAMAA, which is <45, at point of delivery.
 Annual inspection of the cold water storage tank should be done to check its condition inside
and outside, and the water within it. Slight to moderate level of debris warrants tank cleaning
must be planned every 12 month period. Bi-annual preventive maintenance schedule is
preferable.
 Execute a minimum of 3-year plan for annual cleaning and chlorination.
 *The lid of the water tanks in Area 1 are loosed thread and are being supported by concrete
bricks to stay intact. The lid should be closely fitted and in good condition.
 The thermal insulation installation of the pipeworks are worn out that could result to
intermittent water temperature. Restoration and repair are recommended. The thermal
insulation should be in good condition so that it protects from extremes of temperature.
 A record of the total cold water consumption over a typical day should be established to
confirm that there is reasonable flow through the tank and that water is not stagnating.
 Temperature profiling must be commissioned to verify if the water distribution system is
maintaining temperatures in all parts of the system in normal use, to control adequately any
microbial growth, including legionellae.
 Domestic Water Tank # 2 / MOE Asset # 00016187 has approximately 8-inch hole on top
positioned at quadrant # 1 or at 85
0
C. This opening must be sealed as soon as possible.
 Annually (Summer) or based on the temperature profiling, check the tank water temperature
remote from the ball valve and the incoming mains temperature. Record the maximum
temperatures of the stored and supply water recorded by fixed maximum/minimum
thermometers where fitted.
 Annually check thermal insulation to ensure it is intact and consider weather proofing where
components are exposed to the outdoor environment.
 For expansion vessels, where practical, flush through and purge to drain. Bladders should be
changed according to the manufacturer’s guidelines.
Total Risk Meter 4 3 2 1 0

Page | 31
Pump Room - KAHRAMAA
Domestic Water Tank # 1 / MOE # 00016188
This water tank is situated in between the Fire Water Tank and and the Domestic Water Tank # 2.
 Tank water temperature is recorded at 23.9
0
C within the water temperature specification of
KAHRAMAA, which is <45, at point of delivery.
 Slight to moderate level of debris warrants tank cleaning must be planned every 12 month
period. Bi-annual preventive maintenance schedule is preferable.
 Legionella and E. Coli testing should be carried out at a minimum, on a quarterly basis for the
first year.
 Cleaning and chlorination should be done at least once a year.
 Water Usage and Turn Over must be established within the next 6 months.
 Debris present on the top most part of the tank, external cleaning must also be done.
PRIORITY LEVEL:MEDIUM Compliance Task
This water tank is situated in between the Domestic Water Tank # 1 and the concrete wall, positioned
in the corner of the Pump room.
0
 Notice that the storage tank water temperature is almost the same as the ambient
temperature, since the tank was replenishing during the inspection.
 It has approximately 8-inch hole on top positioned at quadrant # 1 or at 85
0
C. This opening
must be sealed as soon as possible.
 Legionella and E. Coli testing should be carried out at a minimum, on a monthly basis as the
opening is sealed for three months and on a quarterly basis from there on for the first year.

Page | 32
Irrigation Water Tank # 3 / MOE # 00016186
This water tank is situated in between the Irrigation Water Tank # 4 and the concrete wall, positioned
in the corner of the Pump room.
0
 Legionella and E. Coli testing should be carried out at a minimum, on a quarterly basis for the
first year.
PRIORITY LEVEL: MEDIUM Compliance Task
Irrigation Water Tank # 4 / MOE # 00016185
This water tank is situated in between the Pump room entrance door and the Domestic Water Tank #
3.
0

Page | 33
 During the site visit, there are water spilling all the over the Pump room floor, the water is
coming from this tank due to leaking. The leak must be located and sealed.
 Flushing and cleaning must be done once the leak is closed. For regular maintenance,
cleaning and chlorination should be done at least once a year.
 Legionella and E. Coli testing should be carried out at a minimum, on a monthly basis as the
leak is sealed for three months and on a quarterly basis from there on for the first year.
Main Building Roof Top Cold Water Storage Tanks
3. The Main Building Cold Water Storage Tanks are located in Area 2 and Area 3. Area 2 serves the
KG1 wing and Area 3 serves the KG2 wing. Accessibility is challenging for remedial works, routine
inspections and monitoring due to the location of water tanks at the Mezzanine Roof Top.
General on-site observations: The cold water storage tanks are situated right next to each other, 2
tanks for 2 and 2 tanks for Area 3. All of these tanks are exposed in wide open areas, under direct
sunlight, which suggests that any changes in the weather conditions might affect the integrity and
quality of the water stored.
Health and Safety Hazards: For water tank inspection, there is a 15 ft. Walk-thru Fixed Ladder with
Safety Cage for access to the roof top and another 10-ft. Fixed Ladder climb to the Mezzanine roof
top where the tanks are installed, in this scenario, there is a probability of slipping and falling hazard.
(Note: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires that fall protection be
provided at elevations of four feet in general industry workplaces)
Description Location MOE # Tank Water
Temperature
Main Building Roof Top
Domestic Water Tank # 5 Area 2 / KG 1 Wing 00016976 23.9
0
C
0
C

Page | 34
0
C
0
C
 Tank water temperature logged at an average of 23.075
0
C within the water temperature
specification of KAHRAMAA, which is <45, and almost the same average as the KAHRAMAA
water source.
and outside, and the water within it. Slight to moderate level of debris warrants tank cleaning
must be planned every 12 month period. Bi-annual preventive maintenance schedule is
preferable.
 The thermal insulation installation of the pipeworks are worn out that could result to
intermittent water temperature. Restoration and repair are recommended. The thermal
insulation should be in good condition so that it protects from extremes of temperature.
 Temperature profiling must be commissioned to verify if the water distribution system is
maintaining temperatures in all parts of the system in normal use, to control adequately any
microbial growth, including legionellae.
temperatures of the stored and supply water recorded by fixed maximum/minimum
thermometers where fitted.
 Annually check thermal insulation to ensure it is intact and consider weatherproofing where
components are exposed to the outdoor environment.
This water tank is situated on the roof top right next to Domestic Water Tank # 6, in wide open area
under the direct heat of sunlight.
0
 Notice that the storage tank water temperature is the same as the Domestic Water Tank # 1,
which could be the source of the stored water.
 Legionella and E. Coli testing should be carried out on a quarterly basis for the first year.

Page | 35
0
 Notice that the storage tank water temperature is almost the same as the Domestic Water
Tank # 2, as both tanks are being replenished during the inspection, which could also be the
source of the stored water.

Page | 36
0
 Notice that the storage tank water temperature is almost the same as the Domestic Water
Tank # 4, which could indicate that the water has been stored in the tank for quite a period.
0

Page | 37
Guard House Roof Top Cold Water Storage Tank
3. The Guard House Roof Top Cold Water Storage Tank is located in Area 4. Area 4 serves only the
Guard house personnel. Accessibility is challenging for remedial works, routine inspections and
monitoring due to the location of water tanks at the roof top.
General on-site observations: The cold water storage tank is situated on the roof top. The tank
exterior is dusty and full of dirt and sand, on the topmost part including the tank cover. This tank is
exposed in the open areas, under direct sunlight, which suggests that any changes in the weather
conditions might affect the integrity and quality of the water stored.
Health and Safety Hazards: For water tank inspection, there is a 6 ft. Aluminum Twin Step Ladder
for use, however, due the nature of the location at the room top, there is a probability of slipping and
falling hazard. (Note: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires that fall
protection be provided at elevations of four feet in general industry workplaces)
Description Capacity MOE # Tank Water Temperature
Guard House
0
C
 Tank water temperature logged at 25.90
0
KAHRAMAA, which is <45, and almost the same average as the KAHRAMAA water source.
and outside, and the water within it.
temperatures of the stored and supply water recorded.
 Moderate to heavy level of debris, tank cleaning should be planned immediately.
 Legionella and E. Coli testing should be carried out immediately upon implementation of the
WRA action items, and must be done on a quarterly basis for the first year thereafter.

Page | 38
Hot and Cold Water Distribution Services
Small Volume Water Heaters
4. In the school campus, there are nineteen (19) independent small volume 50-L POU water heaters
that serve the administration offices and the classrooms. Each classroom has a toilet equipped with
water heaters and a separate wash area for children’s’ use.
General On-site Observations: Due to the nature of the school, KG school for girls, PDL team has
been limited to access the facility during dismissal and weekends only. Hence, most of the heaters at
the time of checking were turned off.
 The 50-L POU water heater must undergo regular preventive maintenance schedule based
on manufacturer’s recommended frequency and must maintain a heating temperature
between 50
0
C and 60
0
C.
 It was verified during the on-site inspection that mostly of the water heaters were either turned
off or not working and in some cases that it was functioning, had not reached the minimum
hot water temperature – since it was just turned on during the inspection - to eliminate the risk
of Legionella. It is recommended to turn on the water heater for at least an hour to reach the
default temperature setting before using.
 A daily procedure and protocol must be included in the water management regime to ensure
that the water heaters are at optimum temperature for usage.
 Take temperatures at sentinel points (nearest outlet, furthest outlet and long branches to
outlets) to confirm they are at a minimum of 50 °C within one minute (55 °C in healthcare
premises). Do this on a monthly basis.
 Take temperatures at a representative selection of other points to confirm they are at a
minimum of 50 °C to create a temperature profile of the whole system over a defined time
period.
 Consideration should be given to removing infrequently used showers, taps and any
associated equipment that uses water. If removed, any redundant supply pipework should be
cut back as far as possible to a common supply
 Infrequently used equipment within a water system (ie not used for a period equal to or
greater than seven days) should be included on the flushing regime.
 On a weekly basis, flush the outlets until the temperature at the outlet stabilises and is
comparable to supply water and purge to drain.
 Regularly use the outlets to minimise the risk from microbial growth in the peripheral parts of
the water system, sustain and log this procedure once started.
 To maintain protection against scald risk, TMVs require regular routine maintenance carried
out by competent persons in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

Page | 39
 All POU’s water heaters must be tested and run to check if it works at optimum level (50
0
C –
60
0
C
Room / Location HWT Usage CWT Usage
Mistress 35
0
C F 21.8
0
C F
Common Toilet
(Network Room)
48.2
0
C F 23.8
0
C F
Common Kitchen 45.8
0
C F 22.2
0
C F
Nurse Room OFF F 20.6
0
C F
KG1/F Wash Area OFF S 22.8
0
C F
KG1/F Toilet OFF S 20.5
0
C F
KG1/E Wash Area OFF S 22.8
0
C F
KG1/E Toilet OFF S 22.5
0
C F
KG1/D Wash Area OFF S 23.0
0
C F
KG1/D Toilet OFF S 23.2
0
C F
KG1/C Wash Area OFF S 21.5
0
C F
KG1/C Toilet OFF S 21.3
0
C F
KG1/B Wash Area OFF S 22.7
0
C F
KG1/B Toilet OFF S 22.5
0
C F
KG1/A Wash Area OFF S 25.8
0
C F
KG1/A Toilet OFF S 25.5
0
C F
Cleaner Room
Ground Pantry
OFF F 23.5
0
C F
Cleaner Room
Mezzanine Pantry
OFF F 22.1
0
C F
KG2/F Wash Area OFF S 22.5
0
C F
KG2/F Toilet OFF S 22.6
0
C F
KG2/E Wash Area OFF S 22.7
0
C F
KG2/E Toilet OFF S 22.5
0
C F

Page | 40
KG2/D Wash Area OFF S 21.6
0
C F
KG2/D Toilet OFF S 21.5
0
C F
KG2/C Wash Area OFF S 21.3
0
C F
KG2/C Toilet OFF S 21.1
0
C F
KG2/B Wash Area OFF S 22.1
0
C F
KG2/B Toilet OFF S 28.1
0
C F
KG2/A Wash Area NF S NF F
KG2/A Toilet 75.0
0
C S 22.2
0
C F
Guard Toilet 71.6
0
C F 20.0
0
C F
Legend:
HWT = Hot Water Temperature
CWT = Cold Water Temperature
F = Frequent
S = Seldom
NF = Not Functioning
 Cold water temperature for all taps logged at higher than 20.0
0
C, within the water temperature
specification of KAHRAMAA, which is <45, at point of delivery. *Note that the ambient
temperature outside is 19.8
0
C at the time of inspection.
 For the hot water temperature, there is a risk of scalding where water comes out of taps at
temperatures above 44°C. For most people, the scalding risk is minimal where water is
delivered up to 50°C at hand-wash basins and a hot water warning notice may be sufficient.
 For Guard and KG2/A toilet (too high), the water heater setting must be set to 50
0
C to avoid
scalding.
 For the Mistress room, the water heater setting must be set 50
0
C to avoid Legionella
colonisation.
 The water heaters must be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s preventive
maintenance schedule. During the site inspection, there were heaters identified that produced
water temperatures as high as 70
0
C, which warrants thermostat adjustments to prevent the
possibility of scalding of the end users and as low as 35
0
C, in which the Legionella bacteria
multiply at temperatures are between 20-45°C and nutrients are available.
 The absence of written protocol and schedule for the activation of hot water system may pose
scalding risk to the students. It is recommended to put up “HOT WATER WARNING” notice to
all hot water taps in the classroom.
 A written protocol must also be generated and must identify who is responsible for turning
ON/OFF of the hot water system.
Temperature Monitoring Data
For the temperature monitoring of hot and cold water systems, the ACoP L8 Table 2.1 served as the
guidance for the control regime.

Page | 41
Test Parameters:
 As per ACoP L8 the temperature should be below 20
0
C after flushing the water tap for up to
two minutes.
*Water supplied from the water storage tanks is between 20
0
C – 28
0
C within KAHRAMAA
limits of 45
0
C.
 The hot water temperatures should be at least 50
0
C within one minute of running the water.
*Water supplied from water heater is between 35
0
C – 75
0
C. Temperatures in bold italics are
outside ACoP L8 limits and hot water temperatures over 60
0
C are marked in RED.
Drinking Water Fountains
5. There are 2 stainless steel fully-recessed drinking fountains with cuspidor located in the common
hall: 1 near the KG 1 pass thru hall way access and 1 near KG 2 pass thru hall way access.
 The KG 1 drinking fountain is not working at the time of inspection. Non-functioning water
outlets should be labelled as a matter of good housekeeping, health and safety within the
school vicinity.
 KG 2 drinking fountain but not properly labelled. Drinking water outlets should be labelled as a
matter of good housekeeping, health and safety within the school vicinity.
 It is also a good practice to put up the recent laboratory testing water certificates for each
potable drinking water for health and safety reasons.
 Water Temperature is at 19.8
0
C, within the specifications.

Page | 42
Shower Head
6. There is only one (1) hand held shower system located at the Guard house.
 Limescale and hardness was seen in the shower head. The build-up and deposits is imminent
since the school has no water treatment and filtration system and is due to Calcium (Ca) and
Magnesium (Mg) content in water and can be mitigated using water softener.
 It is recommended to dismantle, descale, clean and disinfect shower head and hoses on a
quarterly basis.
Shattaf / Bidet Sprays
7. There were twenty nine (29) bidet sprays in the school facility and out of these, fourteen (14) were
identified to have limescale and hardness deposits and eleven (11) have some water aerosols
suspended on the surface.
 Limescale and hardness was seen in the shower head and sprays. The build-up and deposits
is imminent since the school has no water treatment and filtration system and is due to
Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) content in water and can be mitigated using water
softener.
 It is recommended to dismantle, descale, clean and disinfect shower head, hoses and sprays
on a quarterly basis.

Page | 43
Room / Location Visual Observations
Limescale (Yes/No) Aerosols (Yes/No)
Mistress No No
Common Toilet
(Network Room)
No No
Common Kitchen No No
Nurse Room No No
KG1/F Wash Area No No
KG1/F Toilet Yes No
KG1/E Wash Area No No
KG1/E Toilet Yes No
KG1/D Wash Area No No
KG1/D Toilet Yes Yes
KG1/C Wash Area No No
Yes Yes Yes
KG1/B Wash Area No No
KG1/B Toilet Yes Yes
KG1/A Wash Area No No
KG1/A Toilet Yes Yes
Cleaner Room
Ground Pantry
Yes Yes
Cleaner Room
Mezzanine Pantry
No No
KG2/F Wash Area No No
KG2/F Toilet Yes No
KG2/E Wash Area No No
KG2/E Toilet Yes Yes
KG2/D Wash Area No No
KG2/D Toilet Yes Yes
KG2/C Wash Area No No
KG2/C Toilet Yes Yes
KG2/B Wash Area No No
KG2/B Toilet Yes Yes
KG2/A Wash Area No No

Page | 44
KG2/A Toilet Yes Yes
Guard Toilet Yes Yes
Disused / Little-used Outlets
8. At the time of inspection and due to the nature of the school, the disused and little-used outlets
were not yet identified.
 To officially identify the disused or little-used outlets and implement a regular weekly flushing
and documenting the activity in the worksheet. Keep in mind not to release aerosols and use
PPE as required.

Water Hygiene Survey and Risk Assessment Report for Al Khawarizme Kindergaren School for Girls - Doha, Qatar by Julius Neil Buenconsejo

Water Hygiene Survey and Risk Assessment Report for Al Khawarizme Kindergaren School for Girls - Doha, Qatar by Julius Neil Buenconsejo

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