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- 1. New Zealand w Wireless Application P t Wi l A li ti Protocoll “The reports of my death are greatly exaggerated.” The University of Auckland U A
- 2. WAP: Internet for Mobile Devices Wireless Application Protocol but used synonymous to Protocol, Internet for mobile devices What HTML is to the Internet, WML to WAP What JavaScript™ is to the Internet, WML Script to WAP What HTTP is to the Internet, WSP to WAP N Zealand Wireless Session Protocol: HTTP/1.1 functionality and semantics in a compact binary encoding + extensions New WAP 2.0 allows HTTP across th wireless & I t 2 0 ll the i l t Internet domains. land ersity of Auckl The Unive
- 3. A WML Example <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.3//EN" "http://www wapforum org/DTD/wml13 dtd"> http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml13.dtd > <wml> wml New Zealand <card id="MainCard" title="My First WML Card"> <p> N <img src="hello.wbmp" alt="Hello"/> <br/> Hello World! <br/> land ersity of Auckl <a href="click.wml">Click Me here…</a><br/> </p> </card> The Unive </wml>
- 4. Challenges Internet technology was designed for desktop and larger computers and medium to high bandwidth, generally reliable data networks. Mass-market, hand-held wireless devices have a constrained computing environment compared to desktop computers. New Zealand N land ersity of Auckl The Unive
- 5. Device Comparison Desktop Laptop Mobile CPUs Powerful Less powerful New Zealand Memory Large Small Power Mains Battery N Display Large Small Input Keyboard, Mice Keypad, stylus, land ersity of Auckl touch t h The Unive
- 6. Network Comparison Desktop Laptop Mobile Bandwidth More Less New Zealand Latency Less More N Connection Good Not so good stability land Availability y Good Less predictable p ersity of Auckl The Unive
- 7. Main Goals of WAP Support a wide range of devices Enable device personalization and customization, content delivery, delivery and content presentation presentation. New Zealand N land ersity of Auckl The Unive
- 8. Main Goals of WAP Provide an application model for wireless data services that utilizes the telephony, mobility, and other unique functions of wireless devices and networks. Leverage existing standards where possible, especially existing and evolving Internet standards. New Zealand N land ersity of Auckl The Unive
- 9. A WML Example <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.3//EN" "http://www wapforum org/DTD/wml13 dtd"> http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml13.dtd > <wml> wml New Zealand <card id="MainCard" title="My First WML Card"> <p> N <img src="hello.wbmp" alt="Hello"/> <br/> Hello World! <br/> land ersity of Auckl <a href="click.wml">Click Me here…</a><br/> </p> </card> The Unive </wml>
- 10. WML Structure WML applications use a card and deck metaphor A user interaction is represented by a card, while a complete task is represented by a deck A deck is the smallest unit of WML a web server can send to a WAP browser, and it contains one or more cards , New Zealand The browser displays one card at a time N Card Card land Card ersity of Auckl Card The Unive
- 11. WML Unlike HTML WML is XML Why is this important? HTML, XML. XHTML is XML Is this important? XML. New Zealand N land ersity of Auckl The Unive
- 12. Simple Web Architecture HTTP request New Zealand HTTP response N Client/user Origin agent server land ersity of Auckl The Unive
- 13. The WAP Architecture HTTP WSP request request New Zealand WSP HTTP response p response N WAP user WAP Origin agent gateway* server land INTERNET ersity of Auckl WIRELESS DOMAIN: WAP DOMAIN: Protocols Internet The Unive Protocols * WAP 2.0 does not require the gateway, thus enabling the client to talk directly to the server.
- 14. The WAP Workflow 1. 1 The user requests a URL through the WAP browser 2. The browser passes the request to the WAP gateway using the WAP protocol 3. The WAP gateway creates a normal HTTP request for the URL and passes to the origin server server. New Zealand 4. The origin servers returns the (possibly WML) content of the URL to the WAP gateway. g y N 5. The WAP gateway encodes the HTTP headers and the content (where applicable) into binary format ( g ( pp ) y (e.g., land ersity of Auckl compiled WML), and transmits on to the WAP browser 6. The WAP browser displays the content (e.g. the first The Unive card of the deck)
- 15. New Zealand N WSP/WML Encoding WSP/WML encoding allows the information to be transferred in a narrow pipe (i.e. small bandwidth network) without adding extra land latency. y ersity of Auckl The Unive
- 16. The WAP Protocol Stack Revisited WAP Device WAP Gateway Web Server WAE WAE WSP WSP HTTP HTTP WTP WTP WTLS WTLS TLS (SSL) TLS (SSL) New Zealand WDP WDP TCP TCP Bearers Bearers IP IP N land ersity of Auckl The Unive WSP is essentially a binary-formatted tokenized version of HTTP designed to operate on low-bandwidth high-latency networks
- 17. Sample WAP Request I If-None-Match: "0-6f-3e6cf51a" Accept: image/gif, text/x-vCalendar, image/vnd.wap.wbmp, application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc, text/x-vCard, application/vnd.wap.wmlc, application/vnd.wap.wbxml, text/vnd.wap.wml, text/vnd.wap.wmlscript, text/vnd wap wmlscript text/plain Accept-Language: en Accept-Charset: US-ASCII, ISO-8859-1, UTF-8, ISO-10646-UCS-2 p profile: http://wap.sonyericssonmobile.com/UAprof/T200.xml p p y p New Zealand User-Agent: SonyEricssonT200/R101 bearer-indication: 0 accept-application: 1,2 N X-Nokia-CONNECTION_MODE: X Nokia CONNECTION MODE: CMODE X-Nokia-BEARER: GPRS X-Nokia-gateway-id: NAWG/3.1/Build52 land Via: WTP/1.1 Vodafone wap FTC ( p (Nokia WAP Gateway 3.1/ECD9/3.1.52), 1.1 vlsp1:9010 y ) p ersity of Auckl (squid/2.5.STABLE3) X-Forwarded-For: 172.27.9.3 The Unive
- 18. Sample WAP Request II Accept: application/vnd.wap.coc,application/vnd.wap.wmlc; Type=4360, image/gif, p pp p , pp p ; yp , g g , application/vnd.phonecom.im,application/*, application/vnd.wap.slc,application/vnd.wap.sic, application/vnd.wap.multipart.related,application/vnd.phonecom.mmc-wbxml; Type=4364, audio/iMelody, text/x-vCalendar, application/octet-stream, audio/midi, application/vnd.wap.multipart.mixed, application/vnd.wap.wmlc; Level=1.3, application/vnd.openwave.pp,image/vnd.wap.wbmp, pp p ; , pp p pp, g p p, application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc, application/vnd.uplanet.bearer-choice-wbxml, application/vnd.wap.wmlc; Type=1108,text/x-vCard, application/x-up-device, application/vnd.phonecom.mmc-wbxml, image/vnd.wap.wbmp; Type=0, application/vnd.wap.wmlc, application/vnd.wap.wmlc; Type=4365, text/vnd.wap.wml, text/vnd.wap.co, text/vnd.wap.wmlscript, text/x-wap-wta-wml, text/vnd.wap.sl, p , p , p p, p , p , New Zealand text/vnd.wap.si, text/vnd.wap.connectivity-xml, text/vnd.wap.channel, text/vnd.wap.co, text/vnd.wap.sl, text/vnd.wap.si, text/vnd.wap.wmlscript, text/plain, text/vnd.wap.wml, text/plain User-Agent: Alcatel-BG3/1.0 UP.Browser/5.0.3.3.11 Accept-Language: en p g g N Accept-Charset: UTF-8 profile: http://www-ccpp-mpd.alcatel.com/files/ALCATEL-BG3_1.0.rdf X-Nokia-CONNECTION_MODE: CMODE land X-Nokia-BEARER: GPRS ersity of Auckl X-Nokia-gateway-id: NAWG/3.1/Build52 Via: WTP/1.1 Vodafone wap LDV (Nokia WAP Gateway 3.1/ECD9/3.1.52), 1.1 vlsp1:9010 (squid/2.5.STABLE3) X-Forwarded-For: 172.26.9.3 The Unive
- 19. Sample WAP Request III Accept-Language: en Accept: application/vnd.wap.xhtml+xml, application/vnd.wap.wml, application/xhtml+xml, multipart/mixed, application/vnd.wap.multipart.mixed, image/gif, */*, text/x-vcard, text/x- vcalendar, image/vnd.wap.wbmp vcalendar image/vnd wap wbmp Accept-Charset: utf-8, utf-16, iso-8859-1, iso-10646-ucs-2, Shift_JIS User-Agent: SonyEricssonV600i/R2K Browser/SEMC-Browser/4.2 Profile/MIDP-2.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.1 g New Zealand x-wap-profile: "http://wap.sonyericsson.com/UAprof/V600iR101-3G.xml" Content-Length: 0 X-Nokia-CONNECTION_MODE: TCP N X-Nokia-BEARER: X Nokia BEARER: GPRS X-Nokia-gateway-id: NWG/4.1/Build89 Via: WTP/1.1 Vodafone wap2FTC (Nokia WAP Gateway 4.1/CD13/4.1.89), 1.1 vlsp1:9010 land ( q (squid/2.5.STABLE10) ) ersity of Auckl X-Forwarded-For: 172.27.71.132 The Unive
- 20. Sample WAP Request IV Accept: application/vnd.wap.wmlc, application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc, text/html, text/css, application/xhtml+xml, application/vnd.wap.xhtml+xml, application/vnd.wap.multipart.related, application/vnd.wap.multipart.mixed, multipart/mixed, application/vnd.wap.sic, application/vnd.oma.drm.message, application/vnd.phonecom.mmc-wbxml, application/motorola- pp g , pp p , pp mmstemplate, image/gif, image/bmp, image/vnd.wap.wbmp, image/png, image/jpeg, image/ems.userdefined.picture, image/ems.userdefined.animation, image/ems.predefined.animation, audio/bas, audio/imelody, audio/mid, audio/midi, audio/mp3, audio/mpeg, audio/mpeg3, audio/mpg, audio/x-mp3, audio/x-mpeg, audio/x-mpeg3, audio/x-mpg, audio/x-wav, audio/wav, audio/amr, audio/3gpp, p , p g, p g , pg, , , , gpp, New Zealand video/mp4, video/3gpp, application/mtf, application/vnd.oma.drm.message, application/vnd.oma.drm.rights+xml, text/x-vcard, text/x-vcalendar, text/uri-list, text/vnd.sun.j2me.app- descriptor, application/java-archive, application/octet-stream, application/vnd.wap.mms-message, text/plain, text/vnd.wap.wmlscript, text/vnd.wap.wml p , p p, p N accept-application: 2,4 Accept-Charset: UTF-8 User-Agent: MOT-V600i/0E.65.23R MIB/2.2.1 Profile/MIDP-2.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.0 land Accept-Language: en p g g ersity of Auckl X-Nokia-CONNECTION_MODE: CMODE X-Nokia-BEARER: GPRS X-Nokia-gateway-id: NWG/4.1/Build89 Via: WTP/1.1 Vodafone wap2LDV ( p (Nokia WAP Gateway 4.1/CD13/4.1.89), 1.1 vlsp1:9010 y ) p The Unive (squid/2.5.STABLE10) X-Forwarded-For: 172.26.71.132
- 21. Sample WAP Request V Accept: text/css, text/x-vcard, text/x-vcalendar, image/gif, image/vnd.wap.wbmp Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1, US-ASCII, UTF-8; q=0.8, ISO-10646-UCS-2; q=0.6 Accept-Language: en Cookie2: $Version "1" $Version="1" Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate User-Agent: Nokia6822/2.0 (4.48) Profile/MIDP-2.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.1 x-wap-profile: "http://nds1.nds.nokia.com/uaprof/N6822r100.xml" pp p p New Zealand Content-Length: 0 X-Nokia-CONNECTION_MODE: TCP X-Nokia-BEARER: GPRS N X-Nokia-gateway-id: NWG/4 1/Build89 X Nokia gateway id: NWG/4.1/Build89 Via: WTP/1.1 Vodafone wap2FTC (Nokia WAP Gateway 4.1/CD13/4.1.89), 1.1 vlsp1:9010 (squid/2.5.STABLE10) land X-Forwarded-For: 172.27.71.132 ersity of Auckl The Unive
- 22. Sample WAP Request VI User-Agent: SonyEricssonP990i/R100 Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Symbian OS; 306) Opera 8.60 [en] Accept: text/html, application/xml, application/xhtml+xml, multipart/mixed, image/png, image/jpeg, image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, */* text/x vcard text/x-vcalendar, image/jpeg image/gif image/x xbitmap */*, text/x-vcard, text/x vcalendar image/vnd.wap.wbmp Accept-Charset: windows-1252, utf-8, utf-16, iso-8859-1;q=0.6, *;q=0.1 Accept-Encoding: deflate, gzip, x-gzip, identity, *;q=0 p g , g p, g p, y, ;q New Zealand Pragma: no-cache X-Wap-Profile: "http://wap.sonyericsson.com/UAProf/P990iR100.xml" Content-Length: 0 N X-Nokia-CONNECTION_MODE: X Nokia CONNECTION MODE: TCP X-Nokia-BEARER: GPRS X-Nokia-gateway-id: NWG/4.1/Build89 land Via: WTP/1.1 Vodafone wap2FTC ( p (Nokia WAP Gateway 4.1/CD13/4.1.89), 1.1 vlsp1:9010 y ) p ersity of Auckl (squid/2.5.STABLE10) X-Forwarded-For: 172.27.71.132 The Unive
- 23. Serving WAP Content File extension MIME Type wml text/vnd.wap.wml wmls text/vnd.wap.wmlscript wmlc l application/vnd.wap.wmlc li ti / d l New Zealand wmlsc application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc N wbmp image/vnd.wap.wbmp land ersity of Auckl When the server sees these file extensions, it sets the Content-Type entity header to the corresponding MIME type type. The Unive
- 24. The WAP 2.0 Protocol Stack WAP Device Web Server WAE WAP Gateway WAE HTTP HTTP HTTP HTTP TLS (SSL) TLS (SSL) TLS (SSL) TLS (SSL) TCP TCP TCP TCP New Zealand IP IP IP IP N WIRELESS DOMAIN WIRED DOMAIN land ersity of Auckl WAP 2.0 provides support for both WAP 2.0 and WAP 1.x stacks. The two stacks would operate independently; i.e., there won’t be any The Unive mixing and matching of protocols in accomplishing an end-to-end transaction.
- 25. Further Reading Wireless Application Protocol Architecture Specification Specification. www.WAPForum.org. Wireless Application Environment Defined Media Type Specification. WAP overview on Wikipedia: p New Zealand http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAP N land ersity of Auckl The Unive
- 26. Resources Nokia Mobile Internet Toolkit. This includes a WAP browser and a Toolkit WAP Gateway simulator. Sony Ericsson WAP browser emulator for T68. y OpenWave SDK. This includes an OpenWave WAP browser. SlowView. A free image viewer that supports WBMP images. New Zealand N land ersity of Auckl The Unive
- 27. Exercises Write a WapEchoServer that echoes the received HTTP request back to the client. If you have a WAP-capable phone, study the headers it sends. WAP capable Describe the setup required to capture the headers. You want to capture the headers Nokia mobile browser simulator sends to an arbitrary WAP site How can you do it with the site. New Zealand WapEchoServer? N land ersity of Auckl The Unive