This document discusses hygiene and sanitation. It defines health and hygiene, and explains that good hygiene practices are essential for daily life and protecting health. Personal hygiene involves regular cleaning of the body. Sanitation refers to keeping places clean and removing waste to prevent disease. Poor sanitation can spread diseases through flies breeding in human waste and germs transmitting through unwashed hands. The document emphasizes practicing good hygiene and sanitation to stay healthy.

1. WEEK 4
HYGIENE AND SANITATION

2. What is Health & Hygiene?
• Health is a state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity
• Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that
help to maintain health and prevent the spread of
disease

3. HYGIENE
Drinking, eating, washing, excreting – these are things we do every day
of our lives. But the way we do them can have a major impact on our
health. Good hygiene practices are an essential part of daily life and we
all need to understand what hygiene means, why it’s important for our
health and wellbeing,and how we can change our behavior to safeguard
our health. Promoting good hygiene in your community and educating
people in ways to protect themselves and their families from ill health is
one of the most important aspects of your work.

4. Hygiene
But what is this conditions what we have to do ? Think about it

6. What is Personal Hygiene?
Regular Routine of
Personal Care Washing
and Grooming of
 Hair
 Face and Skin
 Teeth
 Ears
 Hands
 Nails
 Feet

7. Why is Personal Hygiene Important?
Good personal hygiene not only enhances our appearance, its importance is
directly related to preventing infections, diseases, and keeps us free from
unpleasant odors.
Personal hygiene is very important for preventing poisoning and illness. Hand
washing, maintaining general cleanliness and being aware of the dangers of
cross contamination between raw and cooked meats are the most important
factors to remember when preparing food.
Practicing proper hygiene is important to your mental health and helps you
feel better about yourself.

8. Uniform
Why we must wear a Uniform???

9. • Slip – too little friction
or traction between
feet (footwear) &
walking/working
surface, resulting in
loss of balance.

10. • Trip
– Foot/lower leg hits object &
upper body continuous
moving, resulting in loss of
balance.
– Stepping down to lower
surface & losing balance

11. • Fall – occurs when too far off
center of balance
• Two types
– Fall at same level
• Fall to same walking/working surface,
or fall into or against objects above
same surface
– Fall to lower level
• Fall to level below walking or working
surface

12. • Slips, Trips & Falls can happen anywhere in
your operation.
• Slips & Trips can result in falls, possibly
disability or death.
• Costs to employer & worker can be substantial.
Costs of STFs

13. • To the Employer:
– Loss of Productivity & Business
– Increased industrial insurance
premiums
– Costs associated with training
replacement workers
Costs of STFs

14. • To the Worker:
– Loss wages & out-of-pocket expenses
– Pain
– Temporary or permanent disability
– Reduces quality of life
– Depression
– Death
Costs of STFs

15. • Sprains & Strains (Keseleo & Tegang)
• Bruises & Contusions (Memar)
• Fractures (Patah Tulang)
• Abrasions & Lacerations (Lecet & Luka)
Injuries

16. • Wet product or spills on smooth floors or
walking surfaces
– Water
– Mud
– Grease
– Oil
– Food
– Blood
Causes of Slips

17. • Dry product or spills making walking
surface slippery
– Dusts
– Powders
– Granules
– Wood
– Plastic wrapping
Causes of Slips

18. • Highly-polished floors can be slick even
when dry
– Concrete
– Marble
– Ceramic tile
• Freshly-waxed surfaces
• Transitioning from one surface to another
– Carpeted to vinyl
– Grid to smooth concrete
Causes of Slips

19. • Sloped walking surfaces
• Loose, unanchored rugs or mats
• Loose floorboards or shifting tiles
• Wet, muddy or greasy shoes
• Ramps & gang planks without skid-
or slip- resistant surfaces
Causes of Slips

20. • Sloped, uneven or muddy
terrain
• Weather Hazards
• Leaves, Pine Needles & Other
Plant debris (Wet or Dry)
Causes of Slips

21. • Uncovered hoses, cables,
wires or extension cords
across aisles or walkways.
• Clutter, obstacles in aisles,
walkway & Work Areas
• Open cabinet, file or desk
drawers & doors
Causes of Trips

22. • Changes in elevation or levels
– Unmarked steps or ramps
• Rumpled or rolled-up carpets/mats
or carpets with curled edges
• Irregularities in walking surfaces
– Thresholds or Gaps
• Missing or uneven floor tiles &
bricks
Causes of Trips

23. • Damage Steps
• Non-Uniform, Improper or
Irregular Steps
– Taller or Shorter
– Shallower Tread Depth
– Otherwise Irregular
Causes of Trips

24. SANITATION

25. What is Sanitation?
The process of keeping places free from
dirt, infection, disease, etc., by removing
waste, trash and garbage, can be done by
cleaning streets, Washing yourself
regulary, safe drinking water, etc

26. Why is Sanitation Important?
Important for
Health
A good
economic
investment
Important for
Social
Development
Helps the
Environment
Achievable

27. Why is Sanitation Important cont…
Good Sanitation can prevent
you from getting diarrhoea
and can also help prevent
other serious diseases.
When you practice good
sanitation, your family saves
money on healthcare and
treatment.
Important
for
Health
Good
economic
investment

28. Why is Sanitation Important cont…
When you keep yourself & your
surroundings clean, you fall sick less
often & are more likely to attend
school/work regularly. If you are
Healthy you can help build a strong society.
When you get rid of waste properly, you can
help to protect water sources. It also means
that you don’t have to smell the disgusting
mess all around you.
Important
For Social
Development
Helps the
Environment

29. Why is Sanitation Important cont…
Better Sanitation is
possible….but it all starts with
me and you!!!
Achievable

30. What does poor sanitation Cause?
Poor sanitation gives many infections the ideal
opportunity to spread causing disease and
illness in the community!!

31. What does poor sanitation Cause
cont….
• Human excreta have been
implicated in the transmission of
many infectious diseases including
cholera, typhoid, infectious
hepatitis, polio.

32. What does poor sanitation Cause
cont….
• Trachoma is another infection/ disease caused
by poor sanitation and causes blindness. It is
spread by a combination of:
▫ • poor sanitation, allowing the flies that spread
the infection to breed;
▫ • poor hygiene associated with water scarcity and
poor water quality;
▫ • lack of education and understanding of how
easily the infection can spread in the home and
between people.

33. How are diseases spread?
If you poop in any
open
environment, flies
feed and lay eggs
in it.
If you don’t wash
hands with water &
soap after pooping.
Germs remain on
hands
When flies land on
food or if you touch
food with unwashed
hands germs are
carried over.
If you eat foodwith
germs on, germs
enter your body.
….And you
get sick!

34. How to prevent Diseases from
spreading….
• Use a clean toilet which have covers as this
prevent flies from landing on the poop. If you
don’t have a toilet make a small whole to poop in
and cover with sand when done.
• Wash yours hands after using the toilet with safe
water and soap.

35. How to prevent Diseases from
spreading, cont….
• Use safe and clean bottles or buckets to carry or store water in.
• Clean your environment to avoid bad smells and breeding places for flies.
• Cover food to keep flies from sitting on it.