The National Energy Board regulates over 73,000 km of pipelines and 1,400 km of international power lines in Canada. It uses a risk-informed approach to monitor compliance, where the level of monitoring is determined by considering the potential consequences of non-compliance and previous compliance activities. Compliance verification involves planned inspections and audits to ensure safety, environmental protection, and adherence to regulations. Companies must address any issues found and the NEB may take enforcement actions if needed to obtain compliance. Investigations are also conducted to identify root causes of incidents and develop mitigation plans. The NEB works with companies and the public on issues around pipeline operations and maintenance activities.