Vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients required for livestock growth, health, and productivity. The document outlines the key functions, deficiency signs, and sources of important vitamins like A, D, E, K, B1, B2, and minerals like calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chloride. It also distinguishes between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins, macro and microminerals, and provides examples of each. Maintaining adequate levels of vitamins and minerals is important to prevent deficiencies that can cause issues like poor growth, reproductive problems, and disease.
This document provides information on vitamins and minerals, including:
- Vitamins are organic nutrients required in small amounts that cannot be synthesized by the body. They are classified as fat-soluble or water-soluble.
- Minerals are inorganic nutrients also required in small amounts. Macrominerals and microminerals are distinguished.
- Specific vitamins and minerals are described, including their functions, deficiency signs, and sources. Vitamin deficiencies that could cause poor posture, childlessness, bleeding gums, lameness, and night blindness are identified.
This document summarizes key vitamins needed in livestock feeding, including their functions, deficiency signs, and sources. It discusses fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K which are stored in tissues, and water-soluble vitamins B, B1, B2, B6, B12, niacin, folic acid, and C which are not stored and require constant supply. Each vitamin's role is outlined, such as vitamin A supporting vision and immunity, vitamin D enabling calcium and phosphorus utilization for bone formation, and vitamin K supporting blood clotting. Deficiency signs and common dietary sources are also noted for each essential vitamin.
This presentation provide the basics of nutrition and nutritional supplements, the classification, sources, therapeutic uses, deficiency symptoms and toxicity.
This document discusses several vitamins and minerals, their sources, functions, and deficiency diseases. It provides information on thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, iron, zinc, and iodine. For each one, it lists key dietary sources, the important roles they play in the body, and examples of deficiency signs and diseases that can result from not getting enough in the diet. Images are included to illustrate several deficiency conditions.
Vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients that support many important functions in the body. Vitamins are divided into fat-soluble and water-soluble categories. Minerals include macrominerals like calcium, phosphorus, and potassium that are needed in larger amounts, as well as microminerals like iron, iodine, and zinc that are needed in trace amounts. Each nutrient plays an important role and deficiency can lead to health issues, so it is important to obtain vitamins and minerals from a variety of foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dairy, and meat.
This document provides information about vitamins, including their classes, functions, deficiency signs, and sources. It discusses the differences between fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble vitamins. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in tissues while water-soluble vitamins are not stored and require a constant supply. The document then provides details for several important vitamins, including their roles, what may occur during a deficiency, and common food sources. Vitamins discussed include A, D, E, K, C, B-complex vitamins, and B12. The information aims to outline essential characteristics and functions of various vitamins for animal health.
Vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients that assist many chemical reactions in the body. Vitamins are classified as either fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (B, C). They help with vision, tissue growth, bone development, and carbohydrate metabolism. Minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and iron are important components of bones and teeth, while others like sodium and potassium help regulate fluid balance and muscle function. Deficiencies can cause conditions like rickets, anemia, or goiter. The body absorbs and stores vitamins and minerals differently, with fat-soluble vitamins accumulating more easily.
This document provides information on vitamins and minerals, including:
- Vitamins are organic nutrients required in small amounts that cannot be synthesized by the body. They are classified as fat-soluble or water-soluble.
- Minerals are inorganic nutrients also required in small amounts. Macrominerals and microminerals are distinguished.
- Specific vitamins and minerals are described, including their functions, deficiency signs, and sources. Vitamin deficiencies that could cause poor posture, childlessness, bleeding gums, lameness, and night blindness are identified.
This document summarizes key vitamins needed in livestock feeding, including their functions, deficiency signs, and sources. It discusses fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K which are stored in tissues, and water-soluble vitamins B, B1, B2, B6, B12, niacin, folic acid, and C which are not stored and require constant supply. Each vitamin's role is outlined, such as vitamin A supporting vision and immunity, vitamin D enabling calcium and phosphorus utilization for bone formation, and vitamin K supporting blood clotting. Deficiency signs and common dietary sources are also noted for each essential vitamin.
This presentation provide the basics of nutrition and nutritional supplements, the classification, sources, therapeutic uses, deficiency symptoms and toxicity.
This document discusses several vitamins and minerals, their sources, functions, and deficiency diseases. It provides information on thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, iron, zinc, and iodine. For each one, it lists key dietary sources, the important roles they play in the body, and examples of deficiency signs and diseases that can result from not getting enough in the diet. Images are included to illustrate several deficiency conditions.
Vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients that support many important functions in the body. Vitamins are divided into fat-soluble and water-soluble categories. Minerals include macrominerals like calcium, phosphorus, and potassium that are needed in larger amounts, as well as microminerals like iron, iodine, and zinc that are needed in trace amounts. Each nutrient plays an important role and deficiency can lead to health issues, so it is important to obtain vitamins and minerals from a variety of foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dairy, and meat.
This document provides information about vitamins, including their classes, functions, deficiency signs, and sources. It discusses the differences between fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble vitamins. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in tissues while water-soluble vitamins are not stored and require a constant supply. The document then provides details for several important vitamins, including their roles, what may occur during a deficiency, and common food sources. Vitamins discussed include A, D, E, K, C, B-complex vitamins, and B12. The information aims to outline essential characteristics and functions of various vitamins for animal health.
Vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients that assist many chemical reactions in the body. Vitamins are classified as either fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (B, C). They help with vision, tissue growth, bone development, and carbohydrate metabolism. Minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and iron are important components of bones and teeth, while others like sodium and potassium help regulate fluid balance and muscle function. Deficiencies can cause conditions like rickets, anemia, or goiter. The body absorbs and stores vitamins and minerals differently, with fat-soluble vitamins accumulating more easily.
Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for normal growth and nutrition and are required in small quantities, their deficiency causes diseases.
Biochemist Casimir Funk discovered vitamin B1 in 1912 in rice bran.
It cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism and must be obtained from the diet.
Bradley Joseph Mancuso - Explaining what is Balanced Diet ?bradleyjoseph8
Bradley Joseph Mancuso fitness expert In perth Explaining what is Balanced Diet ?
For more info visit bradley mancuso website - https://bradleyjosephmancuso.blogspot.com/
For Follow Bradley On Linkedin - www.linkedin.com/in/bradley-joseph-mancuso
A balanced diet provides the right types and amounts of foods to maintain health. It includes major nutrients like proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. A balanced diet prevents deficiencies and related diseases, while excess of some nutrients can also lead to health issues. Maintaining a balanced diet through nutrition from food and supplements, staying hydrated, and exercising regularly supports overall well-being.
Function and deficiency symptoms of vitamins and mineralsBoby Basnet
This document discusses vitamins and minerals, including their classification, functions, deficiency symptoms, and sources. It provides detailed information on various vitamins (A, D, E, K, B1, B2, B6, B5, C) and discusses whether they are fat-soluble or water-soluble, how they function in the body, what signs might indicate a deficiency, and common food sources. The document also briefly discusses minerals and their macro and micronutrient classifications.
Vitamins are organic compounds that are required in small amounts for various metabolic processes in the body. They are classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Vitamin A supports vision, growth, immunity, and skin health. Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption and bone growth. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and protects cell membranes. Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting. Vitamin C is an antioxidant and supports wound healing and collagen production. The B vitamins function as coenzymes in energy production from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Deficiencies of various vitamins can lead to conditions like scurvy, beriberi, rickets, and pellagra
This document discusses vitamins and provides details about 13 key vitamins. It begins by defining vitamins as organic compounds that are essential for normal metabolism but must be obtained through diet. Vitamins are then classified as either fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (B vitamins, C). For each vitamin, the document outlines sources, structure, signs of deficiency, and main functions in the body. The goal is to educate readers on what vitamins are, where they are found, and why they are important for health.
People with increased nutrient needs may require supplements. Women who menstruate heavily may need iron supplements. Newborns require a single vitamin K dose at birth. Women of childbearing age need folic acid supplements to reduce neural tube defects in babies. Vitamins are organic compounds essential in small amounts and must be obtained from food or supplements. They regulate chemical reactions and cannot be synthesized by the body. Fat soluble vitamins like A, D, E and K are stored in tissues while water soluble vitamins like the B vitamins and C are not stored and require constant supply.
A balanced diet provides the right types and amounts of foods to maintain health. It includes proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Proteins help build tissues, boost immunity, and aid healing. Carbohydrates provide energy. Fats give energy and transport vitamins. Vitamins and minerals support growth, development, and many bodily functions. A lack of key nutrients can cause deficiencies and diseases. Maintaining a balanced diet with supplements as needed along with exercise and water intake supports overall well-being.
Vitamins are organic compounds that are required by the body in small amounts. They assist in various metabolic functions and cannot be synthesized by the body. Vitamins are classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K and can be stored in the body, while water-soluble vitamins like vitamin C and the B vitamins cannot be stored. Vitamins play important roles as coenzymes and catalysts in reactions throughout the body. Deficiencies can result in various diseases, while excess intake of fat-soluble vitamins can be toxic.
Nutritional deficiency disease in poultry can occur if the diet is lacking in essential nutrients. Poultry require over 40 chemical compounds from six classes of nutrients including minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and trace elements, as well as vitamins. Deficiencies can cause issues like bone deformities, decreased egg production, and poor hatchability. Maintaining the proper ratios and amounts of nutrients is important for poultry health.
This document discusses water soluble vitamins. It defines water soluble vitamins and explains that they must be obtained through the diet, as they are not produced in the body and excess amounts are excreted. The document then covers each water soluble vitamin individually - including major dietary sources, recommended daily allowances, functions, and deficiency symptoms. The vitamins discussed are B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12, C, and folic acid. For each one, the roles of their coenzymes in biochemical reactions are explained. Deficiency diseases like beriberi, pellagra, and scurvy are also detailed.
This document summarizes various vitamin and mineral deficiencies. It discusses fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, recommended daily allowances, and deficiency diseases like scurvy, beriberi, and rickets. Specific vitamins and minerals covered include A, D, E, K, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, and protein. Genetic disorders involving amino acid metabolism are also summarized, such as phenylketonuria and maple syrup urine disease.
This document provides information on various vitamin and nutrient deficiencies. It discusses both water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, listing sources of each and risks for deficiencies. Specific deficiencies like scurvy, beriberi, and rickets are explained. Protein deficiencies like kwashiorkor and marasmus are also summarized. Inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism like phenylketonuria and maple syrup urine disease are described.
Feeding the proper amounts of vitamins and minerals is essential for dairy cattle health, growth, and optimum milk production. Feeding less than optimal amounts can result in increased disease, reproductive problems, lower milk production, and decreased growth. Important vitamins and minerals include calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chloride, magnesium, potassium, vitamins A, D, E, and trace minerals like zinc, copper, cobalt, and selenium. Maintaining adequate levels of these vitamins and minerals prevents costly health issues and improves dairy cattle performance.
This document discusses vitamins and minerals, their functions, sources, and deficiencies. It covers vitamins A, B, C, D and their water-soluble and fat-soluble properties. Minerals discussed include calcium, iron, sodium, fluoride and phosphorus. The document provides information on each vitamin/mineral's role in the body and recommends ways to avoid losing vitamins during food preparation like using little water and steaming rather than boiling.
Vitamins are organic compounds that are required in small amounts for normal growth, maintenance, and reproduction. They are classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Deficiencies of specific vitamins can lead to diseases like scurvy, rickets, and beriberi. While vitamins are essential for health, excessive intake of certain vitamins can also be toxic. Maintaining a balanced diet is important to meet vitamin needs without risk of deficiency or toxicity.
Vitamins and minerals are essential micronutrients that serve important functions in the body. Vitamins are organic compounds needed in small amounts that can be divided into water and fat soluble categories. Minerals are inorganic elements that are classified as major or trace minerals needed for processes like bone and tissue formation. The document provides details on the functions, sources, and deficiency effects of important vitamins like A, D, C and B vitamins and minerals like calcium, iron, and iodine. Fortification of foods can help address micronutrient deficiencies in populations.
This document provides information on several B vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins. It discusses the functions, deficiency signs, and sources of vitamins A, D, E, K, B1, B2, B3, B4, C, and choline. Vitamins are essential nutrients that must be obtained through diet or supplementation as the human body cannot synthesize them. They support many important processes in the body including growth, vision, bone health, blood clotting, and energy metabolism. Deficiency in certain vitamins can lead to diseases like scurvy, rickets, or neurological disorders.
Vitamins are essential organic nutrients required in small amounts that cannot be synthesized by the body. They are divided into fat soluble and water soluble vitamins. The document defines several vitamins (A, D, E, K, B1-B12, C) and discusses their functions, deficiency signs, and food sources. It also covers vitamin-containing supplements like cod liver oil and shark liver oil.
This document discusses vitamins, classifying them as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K and are absorbed with fats. Water-soluble vitamins include vitamin C and the B complex vitamins. The B complex vitamins act as coenzymes in energy production and metabolism. The document provides details on functions, deficiency and toxicity symptoms, and food sources for several important vitamins.
Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for normal growth and nutrition and are required in small quantities, their deficiency causes diseases.
Biochemist Casimir Funk discovered vitamin B1 in 1912 in rice bran.
It cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism and must be obtained from the diet.
Bradley Joseph Mancuso - Explaining what is Balanced Diet ?bradleyjoseph8
Bradley Joseph Mancuso fitness expert In perth Explaining what is Balanced Diet ?
For more info visit bradley mancuso website - https://bradleyjosephmancuso.blogspot.com/
For Follow Bradley On Linkedin - www.linkedin.com/in/bradley-joseph-mancuso
A balanced diet provides the right types and amounts of foods to maintain health. It includes major nutrients like proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. A balanced diet prevents deficiencies and related diseases, while excess of some nutrients can also lead to health issues. Maintaining a balanced diet through nutrition from food and supplements, staying hydrated, and exercising regularly supports overall well-being.
Function and deficiency symptoms of vitamins and mineralsBoby Basnet
This document discusses vitamins and minerals, including their classification, functions, deficiency symptoms, and sources. It provides detailed information on various vitamins (A, D, E, K, B1, B2, B6, B5, C) and discusses whether they are fat-soluble or water-soluble, how they function in the body, what signs might indicate a deficiency, and common food sources. The document also briefly discusses minerals and their macro and micronutrient classifications.
Vitamins are organic compounds that are required in small amounts for various metabolic processes in the body. They are classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Vitamin A supports vision, growth, immunity, and skin health. Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption and bone growth. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and protects cell membranes. Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting. Vitamin C is an antioxidant and supports wound healing and collagen production. The B vitamins function as coenzymes in energy production from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Deficiencies of various vitamins can lead to conditions like scurvy, beriberi, rickets, and pellagra
This document discusses vitamins and provides details about 13 key vitamins. It begins by defining vitamins as organic compounds that are essential for normal metabolism but must be obtained through diet. Vitamins are then classified as either fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (B vitamins, C). For each vitamin, the document outlines sources, structure, signs of deficiency, and main functions in the body. The goal is to educate readers on what vitamins are, where they are found, and why they are important for health.
People with increased nutrient needs may require supplements. Women who menstruate heavily may need iron supplements. Newborns require a single vitamin K dose at birth. Women of childbearing age need folic acid supplements to reduce neural tube defects in babies. Vitamins are organic compounds essential in small amounts and must be obtained from food or supplements. They regulate chemical reactions and cannot be synthesized by the body. Fat soluble vitamins like A, D, E and K are stored in tissues while water soluble vitamins like the B vitamins and C are not stored and require constant supply.
A balanced diet provides the right types and amounts of foods to maintain health. It includes proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Proteins help build tissues, boost immunity, and aid healing. Carbohydrates provide energy. Fats give energy and transport vitamins. Vitamins and minerals support growth, development, and many bodily functions. A lack of key nutrients can cause deficiencies and diseases. Maintaining a balanced diet with supplements as needed along with exercise and water intake supports overall well-being.
Vitamins are organic compounds that are required by the body in small amounts. They assist in various metabolic functions and cannot be synthesized by the body. Vitamins are classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K and can be stored in the body, while water-soluble vitamins like vitamin C and the B vitamins cannot be stored. Vitamins play important roles as coenzymes and catalysts in reactions throughout the body. Deficiencies can result in various diseases, while excess intake of fat-soluble vitamins can be toxic.
Nutritional deficiency disease in poultry can occur if the diet is lacking in essential nutrients. Poultry require over 40 chemical compounds from six classes of nutrients including minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and trace elements, as well as vitamins. Deficiencies can cause issues like bone deformities, decreased egg production, and poor hatchability. Maintaining the proper ratios and amounts of nutrients is important for poultry health.
This document discusses water soluble vitamins. It defines water soluble vitamins and explains that they must be obtained through the diet, as they are not produced in the body and excess amounts are excreted. The document then covers each water soluble vitamin individually - including major dietary sources, recommended daily allowances, functions, and deficiency symptoms. The vitamins discussed are B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12, C, and folic acid. For each one, the roles of their coenzymes in biochemical reactions are explained. Deficiency diseases like beriberi, pellagra, and scurvy are also detailed.
This document summarizes various vitamin and mineral deficiencies. It discusses fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, recommended daily allowances, and deficiency diseases like scurvy, beriberi, and rickets. Specific vitamins and minerals covered include A, D, E, K, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, and protein. Genetic disorders involving amino acid metabolism are also summarized, such as phenylketonuria and maple syrup urine disease.
This document provides information on various vitamin and nutrient deficiencies. It discusses both water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, listing sources of each and risks for deficiencies. Specific deficiencies like scurvy, beriberi, and rickets are explained. Protein deficiencies like kwashiorkor and marasmus are also summarized. Inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism like phenylketonuria and maple syrup urine disease are described.
Feeding the proper amounts of vitamins and minerals is essential for dairy cattle health, growth, and optimum milk production. Feeding less than optimal amounts can result in increased disease, reproductive problems, lower milk production, and decreased growth. Important vitamins and minerals include calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chloride, magnesium, potassium, vitamins A, D, E, and trace minerals like zinc, copper, cobalt, and selenium. Maintaining adequate levels of these vitamins and minerals prevents costly health issues and improves dairy cattle performance.
This document discusses vitamins and minerals, their functions, sources, and deficiencies. It covers vitamins A, B, C, D and their water-soluble and fat-soluble properties. Minerals discussed include calcium, iron, sodium, fluoride and phosphorus. The document provides information on each vitamin/mineral's role in the body and recommends ways to avoid losing vitamins during food preparation like using little water and steaming rather than boiling.
Vitamins are organic compounds that are required in small amounts for normal growth, maintenance, and reproduction. They are classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Deficiencies of specific vitamins can lead to diseases like scurvy, rickets, and beriberi. While vitamins are essential for health, excessive intake of certain vitamins can also be toxic. Maintaining a balanced diet is important to meet vitamin needs without risk of deficiency or toxicity.
Vitamins and minerals are essential micronutrients that serve important functions in the body. Vitamins are organic compounds needed in small amounts that can be divided into water and fat soluble categories. Minerals are inorganic elements that are classified as major or trace minerals needed for processes like bone and tissue formation. The document provides details on the functions, sources, and deficiency effects of important vitamins like A, D, C and B vitamins and minerals like calcium, iron, and iodine. Fortification of foods can help address micronutrient deficiencies in populations.
This document provides information on several B vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins. It discusses the functions, deficiency signs, and sources of vitamins A, D, E, K, B1, B2, B3, B4, C, and choline. Vitamins are essential nutrients that must be obtained through diet or supplementation as the human body cannot synthesize them. They support many important processes in the body including growth, vision, bone health, blood clotting, and energy metabolism. Deficiency in certain vitamins can lead to diseases like scurvy, rickets, or neurological disorders.
Vitamins are essential organic nutrients required in small amounts that cannot be synthesized by the body. They are divided into fat soluble and water soluble vitamins. The document defines several vitamins (A, D, E, K, B1-B12, C) and discusses their functions, deficiency signs, and food sources. It also covers vitamin-containing supplements like cod liver oil and shark liver oil.
This document discusses vitamins, classifying them as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K and are absorbed with fats. Water-soluble vitamins include vitamin C and the B complex vitamins. The B complex vitamins act as coenzymes in energy production and metabolism. The document provides details on functions, deficiency and toxicity symptoms, and food sources for several important vitamins.
2. Vitamin Facts
• Vitamins are essential organic nutrients,
required in small amounts.
• They cannot be synthesized by the
body. Must be obtained by outside
sources like diet, rumen bacteria & sun.
• Required for growth, maintenance,
reproduction and lactation.
3. Classes of Vitamins
Fat Soluble Vitamins:
stored in tissues
Examples
A
D
E
K
Water Soluble Vitamins:
not stored in tissues, must
have constant supply
Examples
B, B1, B2, B6 & B12
Niacin
Folic Acid
C
4. Function, Deficiency Signs & Sources
Vitamin A
Function: development healthy skin and nerve tissue.
Aids in building up resistance to infection. Functions in
eyesight and bone formation. ALL ANIMALS require a
source of Vitamin A. It is important in the ration of
pregnant females.
Deficiency signs: retarded growth in the young, the
development of a peculiar condition around the eyes
known as Xerophthalmia, night blindness and
reproductive disorders.
Sources: whole milk, carotene, animal body oils (cod
fish and tuna), legume forages and can be synthetically
produced.
5. Vitamin E
Function: normal reproduction.
Deficiency signs: poor growth, "crazy chick" disease,
Muscular Dystrophy, "white muscle" disease in
ruminants and swine and "stiff lamb" disease (affects
the nerves and muscles).
Sources: synthetic for poultry and swine, cereal grains
and wheat germ oil, green forages, protein
concentrates, oil seeds (peanut and soybean oil).
Vitamin E rapidly destroyed in rancid or spoiled fats.
That is why these may cause white muscle disease.
Utilization of Vitamin E is dependent on adequate
selenium.
6. Vitamin D
Function: is essential for the proper utilization of
calcium and phosphorus to produce normal, healthy
bones.
Deficiency signs: retarded growth, misshapen bones
(rickets), lameness and osteoporosis.
Sources: Whole milk, sun-cured hays, forage crops,
fish liver oils, irradiated yeast.
7. Vitamin K
Function: necessary for the maintenance of normal
blood coagulation.
Deficiency signs: blood loses its power to clot or the
time needed for clotting is longer and serious
hemorrhages can result from slight wounds or bruises.
Sources: green leafy forages, fish meal, liver,
soybeans, rumen and intestinal synthesis, and the
synthetic compounds.
8. Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
Function: has an effect on the metabolism of calcium in
the body (Not required in rations of farm animals.).
Deficiency signs: none demonstrated in livestock.
Human deficiency: scurvy (swollen and painful joints
and bleeding gums) and brittleness of bones.
Sources: citrus fruits, tomatoes, leafy vegetables and
potatoes.
9. Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)
Function: required for the normal metabolism of
carbohydrates.
Deficiency signs: loss of appetite, muscular weakness,
severe nervous disorders, general weakness and wasting
(BeriBeri).
Sources: raw, whole grains and especially their seed
coats and embryos; fresh green forage; and yeast, milk
and rumen synthesis.
10. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Function: necessary for normal embryo development,
important in the metabolism of amino acids and
carbohydrates.
Deficiency signs: poor reproduction characterized by
small litters and deformed young (cleft palate and club-
footedness) curly toe paralysis in chicks, digestive
disturbances, general weakness and eye abnormalities.
Sources: milk and dairy by-products, yeast, green
forages, well cured hay (especially alfalfa), whole grains,
wheat bran and synthetic riboflavin rumen synthesis.
11. Mineral Facts
• Essential inorganic nutrients, required in
small amounts.
• As many as 20 minerals may be
required!
• Required for growth, maintenance,
reproduction and lactation.
12. Who is Cap. KS Naclmg?
The Macrominerals
• Calcium Ca
• Phosphorous P
• Potassium K
• Sulfur S
• Sodium Na
• Chlorine Cl
• Magnesium Mg
13. Calcium (Ca)
Function: major component of bones and teeth and
essential in blood coagulation, nerve and muscle
function and milk and egg production.
Deficiency signs: retarded growth, deformed bones in
young animals (rickets), and soft shelled eggs and
osteoporosis in older animals.
Sources: milk, oyster shells and limestone.
14. Sodium chloride
Considered together because of a close biochemical
relationship and are provided as common salt (NaCl)
Function: required for the formation and retention,
concentration and pH of body fluids, such as protoplasm,
blood. Important in the formation of digestive juices and
functions in nerve and muscle activity.
Deficiency signs: poor condition and depressed appetite.
Most farm produced feeds are deficient in these two
minerals.
Sources: salt supplements and injectable products.
15. Phosphorus (P)
Function: essential for the formation of bones, teeth,
and body fluids. Required for metabolism, cell
respiration and normal reproduction.
Deficiency signs: similar to calcium deficiency, lack
of appetite, poor reproduction and unthrifty
appearance.
Sources: dicalcium phosphate, bone meal, and low
fluorine phosphates.
16. Potassium (K)
Function: retention and formation of body fluids, pH
concentration of body fluid and rumen digestion.
Deficiency signs: nonspecific and unlikely under most
conditions but may have decreased feed consumption
and efficiency.
Sources: roughages. Grains are less than roughages .
17. Manganese (Mn)
Function: Fetal development, udder development, milk
production and skeleton development.
Deficiency signs: Abortions, reduced fertility, deformed
young and poor growth.
Sources: Most use trace mineralized salt.
18. I Cu FeSe Mn Mozn!
What’s that supposed to mean?
The Microminerals
Iodine (I)
Copper (Cu)
Iron (Fe)
Selenium (Se)
Manganese (Mn)
Molybedenum (Mo)
Zinc (Zn)
19. Copper (Cu)
Function: should be present in animal tissues for iron
to be properly utilized, hemoglobin formation and
synthesis of keratin for fair and wool growth.
Deficiency signs: poor pigmentation of feathers,
stringy wool, sway back lambs, lack of muscle
coordination and anemia.
Sources: forages and copper salts.
20. Iron (Fe):
Function: essential for the function of every organ and
tissue of the body (Hemoglobin).
Deficiency signs: seldom occurs in older animals,
nutritional anemia, labored breathing and pale eyelids,
ears and nose.
Sources: forages and copper or trace mineral salts.
21. Cobalt (Co)
Function: required as a nutrient for the microorganisms
in ruminants and thereby aids in rumen synthesis of
Vitamin B12. Because swine cannot manufacture B12
from cobalt, the diets are supplemental with vitamin B12
instead.
Deficiency signs: lack of appetite, loss of weight, rough
hair coat, anemia, decreased milk and wool production
and death in extreme cases.
Sources: legume forages and salt containing cobalt.
22. Magnesium (Mg)
Function: similar to calcium and phosphorus.
Deficiency signs: Animals are irritable, their heart beat
is irregular and there is severe kidney damage.
Sources: mineral supplements and ordinary feeds.
23. Poor posture?
Ca & P
Which nutrient deficiencies
does Cap. KS have?
Childless/
reproductive
dysfunction?
B2 & A
Bleeding gums &
Scurvy?
C
Lameness?
D & E
Night blindness?
A
Blood won’t clot?
K
24. Vocabulary Review
Nutrients: chemical substances in food that are
used by the body to produce energy and
tissues.
Vitamins: essential organic nutrients, required in
small amounts, that cannot be synthesized
by the body. Required for growth,
maintenance, reproduction and lactation.
Vitamin deficiency: decline in health due to the lack of
a vitamin in a ration.
25. Vocabulary Review
Fat soluble vitamin: a vitamin that can be stored and
accumulated in the liver and other fatty tissues.
Water soluble vitamin: a vitamin that cannot be stored
in the tissues. Must be provided regularly as
deficiencies can develop in a short time.
Minerals: essential inorganic compounds, required in
small amounts. Required for growth,
maintenance, reproduction and lactation.
Macrominerals: required in large amounts.
Microminerals required in small amounts.