vitamins, vitamin A deficiency advantage

1. NAME: AKSHARA.V.B
DEPARTMENT : BIOMEDICAL
TOPIC: VITAMIN

2. VITAMIN:
 Any of a group of organic compounds which are
essential for normal growth and nutrition and are
required in small quantities in the diet because they
cannot be synthesized by the body.
 The thirteen vitamins required by human metabolism are:
vitamin A (as all-trans-retinol, all-trans-
retinyl-esters, as well as all-trans-beta-carotene and other
provitamin A carotenoids), vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin
B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic
acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B7 (biotin), vitamin
B9 (folic acid or folate), vitamin B12 (cobalamins), vitamin C
(ascorbic acid, vitamin D (calciferols), vitamin E
(tocopherols and tocotrienols), and vitamin K (quinones).
 Vitamins and minerals are considered essential
nutrients—because acting in concert, they perform
hundreds of roles in the body. They help shore up bones,

3. heal wounds, and bolster your immune system. They also
convert food into energy, and repair cellular damage.
VITAMIN A:
 Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic
compounds that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid,
and several provitamin A carotenoid.
 VitaminA has multiplefunctions: it is important for growth
and development, for the maintenance of the immune
system and good vision.
 Vitamin A is needed by the retina of the eye in the form
of retinal, which combines with protein opsin to
form rhodopsin, the light-absorbing molecule necessary
for both low-light (scotopic vision) and color vision.
 Vitamin A also functions in a very different role as retinoic
acid (an irreversibly oxidized form of retinol), which is an
important hormone-like growth factor for epithelial and
other cells.
 IUPAC ID: (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-
trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol

5.  Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally present
in many foods. Vitamin A also helps the
heart, lungs, kidneys, and other organs work properly.
 There are two different types of vitamin A. The first type,
preformed vitamin A, is found in meat, poultry, fish,
and dairy products. The second type, provitamin A, is
found in fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based
products. The most common type of provitamin A in foods
and dietary supplements is beta-carotene.
 Vitamin A is found naturally in many foods and is added to
some foods, such as milk and cereal. You can get
recommended amounts of vitamin A by eating a variety of
foods, including the following:
 Beef liver and other organ meats (but these foods are
also high in cholesterol, so limit the amount you eat).
 Some types of fish, such as salmon.
 Green leafy vegetables and other green, orange, and
yellow vegetables, such as broccoli, carrots, and
squash.
 Fruits, including cantaloupe, apricots, and mangos.
 Dairy products, which are among the major sources
of vitamin A for Americans.
 Fortified breakfast cereals.
o Most multivitamin-mineral supplements contain
vitamin A.

6.  Premature infants, who often have low levels of vitamin A
in their first year. Infants, young children, pregnant
women, and breastfeeding women in developing
countries. People with cystic fibrosis.
 Cancer
 People who eat a lot of foods containing beta-
carotene might have a lower risk of certain kinds
of cancer, such as lung cancer or prostate cancer.
 Age-Related Macular Degeneration
 Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), or the loss
of central vision as people age, is one of the most
common causes of vision loss in older people., a
supplement containing antioxidants, zinc,
and copper with or without beta-carotene has shown
promise for slowing down the rate of vision loss.
 Measles
 When children with vitamin A deficiency (which is
rare in North America) get measles, the disease tends
to be more severe. In these children, taking
supplementswith high doses of vitamin A can shorten
the fever and diarrhea caused by measles.
 Yes, high intakes of some forms of vitamin A can be
harmful.