Sunderland was once a major shipbuilding center but declined after the shipyards closed in 1980. The city has struggled economically since. However, Sunderland is now investing in transforming the old shipyard area into one of the largest filmmaking complexes in Europe. This new development will partner with local universities and production companies to establish Sunderland as a major filmmaking hub, providing new opportunities for people to work in their fields like filmmaking and photography without having to leave the North of England. The investment aims to revitalize Sunderland's economy and change it from a city with little purpose to one that is known worldwide.
This document outlines a proposed documentary about Sunderland culture. It discusses the ideas, target audience, and content. The target audience is 16-25 year olds. The documentary would aim to change perceptions about Sunderland by showing investments being made and highlighting nearby attractions. It would include voiceovers and footage of places like Alnwick Castle, Bamburgh, Durham, and Newcastle to provide context. The script would discuss Sunderland's shipbuilding past and its evolution into a filmmaking hub. Feedback showed the target audience and locations were well chosen and the documentary could improve Sunderland's image.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like depression and anxiety.
Johnathon Ramsay and Chris March from Vibe magazine spoke at Sunderland college to discuss their magazine, which aims to showcase the culture of Sunderland and the northeast through work submitted by local people rather than curated by councils. They emphasized the importance of young people getting involved in the magazine industry and spoke about current job opportunities. Their talk inspired the author to take risks in their work despite age or lack of experience.
Leo Pearlman started a media company called Fullwell73 in 2005 with friends to create videos and documentaries. Fullwell73 is known for working with artists like One Direction and producing shows like Sunderland Till I Die. The networking event provided information about upcoming investments in Sunderland and filmmaking processes. It helped the author learn more about potential careers in the film industry and internship opportunities at Fullwell73.
Lee Axon started a personal training business and began making promotional videos for himself and other trainers using only his phone. This led gyms to hire him to make videos, and he eventually started a video production business called DigiFin. Though self-taught, his skills grew as he took on more clients and purchased professional camera equipment. Lee aims for DigiFin to provide fast, high-quality digital finishes for brands. He shared his story of entrepreneurship with students to inspire them that they can change their lives and careers through self-education and not giving up after mistakes.
This document outlines a proposed television series that aims to show the similarities between the north and south of England by challenging stereotypes. The series would follow four families, two from the north and two from the south, as they visit each other's regions. Each episode would feature one northern family visiting one southern family, and vice versa. The goal is to showcase both the advantages and disadvantages of each area through the eyes of families of varying incomes. Presenters Ant and Dec are suggested due to their ability to appeal to younger audiences and experience with both northern and southern England. The target demographic is identified as 16-34 year olds with an interest in exploring different parts of the UK.
Sunderland was once a major shipbuilding center but declined after the shipyards closed in 1980. The city has struggled economically since. However, Sunderland is now investing in transforming the old shipyard area into one of the largest filmmaking complexes in Europe. This new development will partner with local universities and production companies to establish Sunderland as a major filmmaking hub, providing new opportunities for people to work in their fields like filmmaking and photography without having to leave the North of England. The investment aims to revitalize Sunderland's economy and change it from a city with little purpose to one that is known worldwide.
This document outlines a proposed documentary about Sunderland culture. It discusses the ideas, target audience, and content. The target audience is 16-25 year olds. The documentary would aim to change perceptions about Sunderland by showing investments being made and highlighting nearby attractions. It would include voiceovers and footage of places like Alnwick Castle, Bamburgh, Durham, and Newcastle to provide context. The script would discuss Sunderland's shipbuilding past and its evolution into a filmmaking hub. Feedback showed the target audience and locations were well chosen and the documentary could improve Sunderland's image.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like depression and anxiety.
Johnathon Ramsay and Chris March from Vibe magazine spoke at Sunderland college to discuss their magazine, which aims to showcase the culture of Sunderland and the northeast through work submitted by local people rather than curated by councils. They emphasized the importance of young people getting involved in the magazine industry and spoke about current job opportunities. Their talk inspired the author to take risks in their work despite age or lack of experience.
Leo Pearlman started a media company called Fullwell73 in 2005 with friends to create videos and documentaries. Fullwell73 is known for working with artists like One Direction and producing shows like Sunderland Till I Die. The networking event provided information about upcoming investments in Sunderland and filmmaking processes. It helped the author learn more about potential careers in the film industry and internship opportunities at Fullwell73.
Lee Axon started a personal training business and began making promotional videos for himself and other trainers using only his phone. This led gyms to hire him to make videos, and he eventually started a video production business called DigiFin. Though self-taught, his skills grew as he took on more clients and purchased professional camera equipment. Lee aims for DigiFin to provide fast, high-quality digital finishes for brands. He shared his story of entrepreneurship with students to inspire them that they can change their lives and careers through self-education and not giving up after mistakes.
This document outlines a proposed television series that aims to show the similarities between the north and south of England by challenging stereotypes. The series would follow four families, two from the north and two from the south, as they visit each other's regions. Each episode would feature one northern family visiting one southern family, and vice versa. The goal is to showcase both the advantages and disadvantages of each area through the eyes of families of varying incomes. Presenters Ant and Dec are suggested due to their ability to appeal to younger audiences and experience with both northern and southern England. The target demographic is identified as 16-34 year olds with an interest in exploring different parts of the UK.
This document summarizes a student's research into higher education options. The student is primarily interested in attending Sunderland University for its film production program. As backups, they are considering SAE Institute in Glasgow or Liverpool for a shorter digital film course, or applying to film programs at Manchester or Bournemouth universities. The student lives near Sunderland, so they would save on accommodation costs by attending locally. They determined they could not afford to relocate based on student loan amounts not covering full living expenses elsewhere. The document outlines the research process of using UCAS to explore course options and requirements to inform the student's university applications.
Duncan McCall Photography's website has a clean, minimalist design with a black background that makes his images pop. His homepage features recent, high-quality work to showcase his skills. While Abigail Grace Videography has a softer color scheme to seem more inviting, Duncan's sleek, professional design aligned better with the OP's landscape and product photography portfolio. Both emphasize easy navigation and letting the visual work stand out through simple formatting.
The document is a resume for Bailey Thirlaway, who is pursuing photography and videography studies at Sunderland College. Thirlaway has past customer service experience and is seeking part-time employment. They have worked as a photographer/videographer and waiter, and their education includes strong marks in photography, media studies, and communication skills developed through teaching lessons to groups. References are provided.
The document is a resume for Bailey Thirlaway, who is pursuing photography and videography studies at Sunderland College. They are seeking an apprenticeship to further increase their knowledge and skills while being an asset to a creative team. Their education background and experience includes work in digital editing, photography, and videography for various organizations, as well as leadership roles teaching lessons and leading groups in the ACF.
The document is a resume for Bailey Thirlaway, who is pursuing photography and videography studies at Sunderland College. They are seeking an apprenticeship to further increase their knowledge and skills while being an asset to a creative team. Their experience includes work as a digital editor, photographer, and videographer for various organizations, and they have strong communication, leadership, and customer service skills developed through work experience and education.
Bailey Thirlaway is a 17-year-old photography and videography student currently pursuing a course at Sunderland College. He has work experience creating media for web and social media pages at Premier Car Care from 2020-2021. Currently, Bailey works at Gibraltar Rock in Tynemouth where he has improved his social and teamwork skills. He is a flexible, hardworking student seeking further work experience to refine his media skills.
The document discusses opportunities for gaining experience in the film and television industry through ScreenSkills, a program that matches trainees with placements on UK productions. It explains that ScreenSkills trainees apply to the program and can then apply for roles as runners or other entry-level positions. Trainees receive training and the chance to network, with the goal of starting their careers in the industry. The document also notes that many successful people in the industry began as runners to gain experience working on film and TV sets.
The document is a script that follows Bailey and his struggles with social media addiction. It shows how he would wake up and immediately get on social media, spending half an hour scrolling without relaxing. This caused him to game excessively and stop going out. However, the document also acknowledges that social media was used to spread awareness of important events like the George Floyd protests. Ultimately, Bailey decides to quit social media and finds other hobbies like skateboarding and walking in nature, which improve his mental health.
The document outlines a plan for a documentary aimed at 16-35 year olds about reducing social media addiction. It discusses conducting a survey that found most people in that age group have issues with overusing social media and don't know how to cut back. The documentary will use a combination of expository and participatory styles. It will include the filmmaker's personal experiences with social media as well as interviews, and provide alternatives to social media use like spending time with others offline and finding new hobbies. The goal is to educate young people about both the positives and negatives of social media in order to help them use it less frequently.
This equipment list details the resources needed to produce a culture documentary directed by Bailey Thirlaway. It includes cameras, lenses, a tripod, storage cards, and various props like a skateboard, record player, vinyl records, phone, video games, and a book that Bailey will provide from their personal collection to depict different elements of culture in the documentary.
This document profiles a target audience for social media content as college-aged males and females aged 16-35 who enjoy social interaction but struggle with social media addiction, low motivation, and short attention spans. They are active on platforms like TikTok, Instagram, YouTube, Facebook and Twitter but have limited budgets.
The document discusses creating promotional materials for Canon cameras targeted at 15-25 year olds. It suggests focusing on the journey of taking photos as most in that age group enjoy photography and use it to relax. Ideas proposed include a series of posters documenting the process of preparing to take a photo and going on a walk to find the perfect shot. Feedback indicated to add visual examples of the poster concepts, so mockups were created showing someone getting their camera ready at sunrise and relaxing outside after a walk. The goal is to motivate the target audience by illustrating how photography can provide calmness and help reduce stress.
This document summarizes a student's research into higher education options. The student is primarily interested in attending Sunderland University for its film production program. As backups, they are considering SAE Institute in Glasgow or Liverpool for a shorter digital film course, or applying to film programs at Manchester or Bournemouth universities. The student lives near Sunderland, so they would save on accommodation costs by attending locally. They determined they could not afford to relocate based on student loan amounts not covering full living expenses elsewhere. The document outlines the research process of using UCAS to explore course options and requirements to inform the student's university applications.
Duncan McCall Photography's website has a clean, minimalist design with a black background that makes his images pop. His homepage features recent, high-quality work to showcase his skills. While Abigail Grace Videography has a softer color scheme to seem more inviting, Duncan's sleek, professional design aligned better with the OP's landscape and product photography portfolio. Both emphasize easy navigation and letting the visual work stand out through simple formatting.
The document is a resume for Bailey Thirlaway, who is pursuing photography and videography studies at Sunderland College. Thirlaway has past customer service experience and is seeking part-time employment. They have worked as a photographer/videographer and waiter, and their education includes strong marks in photography, media studies, and communication skills developed through teaching lessons to groups. References are provided.
The document is a resume for Bailey Thirlaway, who is pursuing photography and videography studies at Sunderland College. They are seeking an apprenticeship to further increase their knowledge and skills while being an asset to a creative team. Their education background and experience includes work in digital editing, photography, and videography for various organizations, as well as leadership roles teaching lessons and leading groups in the ACF.
The document is a resume for Bailey Thirlaway, who is pursuing photography and videography studies at Sunderland College. They are seeking an apprenticeship to further increase their knowledge and skills while being an asset to a creative team. Their experience includes work as a digital editor, photographer, and videographer for various organizations, and they have strong communication, leadership, and customer service skills developed through work experience and education.
Bailey Thirlaway is a 17-year-old photography and videography student currently pursuing a course at Sunderland College. He has work experience creating media for web and social media pages at Premier Car Care from 2020-2021. Currently, Bailey works at Gibraltar Rock in Tynemouth where he has improved his social and teamwork skills. He is a flexible, hardworking student seeking further work experience to refine his media skills.
The document discusses opportunities for gaining experience in the film and television industry through ScreenSkills, a program that matches trainees with placements on UK productions. It explains that ScreenSkills trainees apply to the program and can then apply for roles as runners or other entry-level positions. Trainees receive training and the chance to network, with the goal of starting their careers in the industry. The document also notes that many successful people in the industry began as runners to gain experience working on film and TV sets.
The document is a script that follows Bailey and his struggles with social media addiction. It shows how he would wake up and immediately get on social media, spending half an hour scrolling without relaxing. This caused him to game excessively and stop going out. However, the document also acknowledges that social media was used to spread awareness of important events like the George Floyd protests. Ultimately, Bailey decides to quit social media and finds other hobbies like skateboarding and walking in nature, which improve his mental health.
The document outlines a plan for a documentary aimed at 16-35 year olds about reducing social media addiction. It discusses conducting a survey that found most people in that age group have issues with overusing social media and don't know how to cut back. The documentary will use a combination of expository and participatory styles. It will include the filmmaker's personal experiences with social media as well as interviews, and provide alternatives to social media use like spending time with others offline and finding new hobbies. The goal is to educate young people about both the positives and negatives of social media in order to help them use it less frequently.
This equipment list details the resources needed to produce a culture documentary directed by Bailey Thirlaway. It includes cameras, lenses, a tripod, storage cards, and various props like a skateboard, record player, vinyl records, phone, video games, and a book that Bailey will provide from their personal collection to depict different elements of culture in the documentary.
This document profiles a target audience for social media content as college-aged males and females aged 16-35 who enjoy social interaction but struggle with social media addiction, low motivation, and short attention spans. They are active on platforms like TikTok, Instagram, YouTube, Facebook and Twitter but have limited budgets.
The document discusses creating promotional materials for Canon cameras targeted at 15-25 year olds. It suggests focusing on the journey of taking photos as most in that age group enjoy photography and use it to relax. Ideas proposed include a series of posters documenting the process of preparing to take a photo and going on a walk to find the perfect shot. Feedback indicated to add visual examples of the poster concepts, so mockups were created showing someone getting their camera ready at sunrise and relaxing outside after a walk. The goal is to motivate the target audience by illustrating how photography can provide calmness and help reduce stress.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.