This document provides information about graphics modes and resolutions for various PC display standards over time, including: - Early text-based modes like MDA and CGA, as well as early graphic modes like EGA, VGA, and Super VGA. - Key specifications like resolution, color depth, and refresh rates. - Performance metrics like maximum dot clocks and frequencies supported by different graphics cards and standards. - Emergence of accelerated 3D graphics cards starting in the late 1990s.

2. 8
16

3. Text Mode)

4. DOS
Graphic Mode)
PC IBM
graphic mode
pixel

6. teletype)

7. dump terminal)

8. ISA PCI PCI

9. 3D

10. VGA)
VGA
ISA
Super
VGA)
VESA-Video Electronic Standard
Association

11. Graphic
Accelerator)
co-processor
2D
3D

12. 16 256 High Colour True Colour
1 4 8 16 24
0.125 .5 1 2 3
640x480 38,400 153,600 307,200 614,400 921,600
800x600 60,000 240,000 480,000 960,000 1,440,000
1024x768 98,304 393,216 768,432 1,572,864 2,359,296
1152x864 124,416 497,664 995,328 1,990,636 2,985,984
1280x1024 163,840 655,360 1,310,720 2,621,440 3,932,160
1600x1200 240,000 960,000 1,920,000 3,840,000 5,760,000
1920x1340 321,600 1,286,400 2,572,800 5,145,600 7,718,400
2048x1536 393,216 1,572,864 3,145,728 6,291,456 9,437,184

13. MMX
3D NOW

14. 2D 3D
graphic coprocessor

15. 14 15 17
21

16. 14 284 213 11.2 8.4
15 305 229 12 9
16 325 244 12.8 9.6
17 345 259 13.6 10.2
20 406 305 16 12
21 427 320 16.8 12.6

17. 720
240
240 720
0.33
dot pitch)

18. dot clock

19. dot ck
(Hz) (KHz) (MHz) (MHz)
MDA 720x350 80 18.3 12.6 16.3
CGA 640x200 60 15.75 7.68 14.3
EGA 640x350 60 21.5 13.4 16.3
VGA (480) 640x480 75 31.5 18.4 25
VESA 800x600 800x600 75 46.875 36 45
VESA 1024x768 1024x768 75 60 60 75
VESA 1280x1024 1280x1024 75 80 100 125

20. 100-300
Energy*Star
14
30

21. 17-19
15
17-19 17