Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness between countries due to advances in technology and transportation. It began in the 19th century as countries developed economic, political, and business ties. Globalization has impacted many aspects of society including politics, economics, education, trade, and culture. It has led to both benefits like open markets and cross-cultural sharing, as well as issues regarding labor rights and economic instability. While Western culture has spread widely, some argue that globalization has also strengthened local cultural identities. Overall, globalization is an ongoing process that is changing economies and societies around the world in both positive and negative ways.
IV. Wiener Konferenz für Mediation 2006
"CULTURE MEETS CULTURE II"
Das »neue« Unbehagen in der Kultur
Termin: Freitag, 05.Mai 2006, 09.00-9.50
Pais Shobha (USA), Director of Behavioral Medicine in the Department of Family Medicine at Indiana University, USA, doctoral degree in family therapy from Purdue University, USA
Video unter:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghuKoVJDsEo&feature=c4-overview&list=UUgkcVo5EEx9z4rkoi2Vg9cw
Globalization, i.e. the mechanism of continuous integration of different economies of the
world, is strongly in progress all across the globe.Supported by heightenedtempo of
technological changes, by liberalization of trade and by rising significance of supranational
regulations, globalization has opened up the nations to a competition much more intense than
ever before (Globalization: A Brief Overview). Globalization mainly entails the spread of social,
economic and cultural viewpoints in all parts of the world. It also enables high level of
uniformity among various places due this spread. This has been possible because of greater
integration of nations through the growth of investments, international trade and free of flow of
capital.
IV. Wiener Konferenz für Mediation 2006
"CULTURE MEETS CULTURE II"
Das »neue« Unbehagen in der Kultur
Termin: Freitag, 05.Mai 2006, 09.00-9.50
Pais Shobha (USA), Director of Behavioral Medicine in the Department of Family Medicine at Indiana University, USA, doctoral degree in family therapy from Purdue University, USA
Video unter:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghuKoVJDsEo&feature=c4-overview&list=UUgkcVo5EEx9z4rkoi2Vg9cw
Globalization, i.e. the mechanism of continuous integration of different economies of the
world, is strongly in progress all across the globe.Supported by heightenedtempo of
technological changes, by liberalization of trade and by rising significance of supranational
regulations, globalization has opened up the nations to a competition much more intense than
ever before (Globalization: A Brief Overview). Globalization mainly entails the spread of social,
economic and cultural viewpoints in all parts of the world. It also enables high level of
uniformity among various places due this spread. This has been possible because of greater
integration of nations through the growth of investments, international trade and free of flow of
capital.
Globalization refers to the trend toward countries joining together economically, through education, society and politics, and viewing themselves not only through their national identity but also as part of the world as a whole.
Globalization refers to the trend toward countries joining together economically, through education, society and politics, and viewing themselves not only through their national identity but also as part of the world as a whole.
Presented Given by Robert Kintu during a Vodafone Power Talks in Uganda . Use of Technology in Agribusiness. Case of FIT Uganda's INFOTRADE. www.infotradeuganda.com
Dynamic asset allocation under regime switching: an in-sample and out-of-samp...Andrea Bartolucci
My work consists of a comparative study of the performances of the multivariate regime switching model against the single regime model in terms of portfolio returns in the context of dynamic asset allocation.
The study was conducted through the practical application, both in-sample and out of-sample, of the two models under various portfolio optimization approaches.
In the first part of the asset allocation exercise I constructed for any asset pricing model, both in-sample and out-of-sample, two dynamic recursive efficient portfolios that maximize the Sharpe among portfolios on the efficient frontier (one with opened budget constraint that permits between 0% and 100% in the riskless asset, one whose weights must sum to 1); in addition short selling, thus negative asset class weights, is not allowed. The other three dynamic recursive portfolios that I constructed have been chosen as those that maximize the investor utility function with three different risk aversion coefficient subject to non-negative weights and opened upper budget constraint.
The second part of the asset allocation exercise focuses only on the out-of-sample period. Here the Copula-Opinion Pooling approach is applied to implement in the asset pricing model views on the asset returns produced by both the single regime model and the regime switching model. The purpose of this section is to investigate and make a comparison of the behavior of the regime switching model and the single state model in the COP framework in terms of both expected and realized portfolio returns and Sharpe ratio in the context of mean-variance and conditional value-atrisk (CVaR) portfolio optimization. Therefore, in addition to the five recursive optimal portfolios chosen with the same portfolio selection process as in the first part, here using conditional value-at-risk as the risk exposure constraint, I derived the dynamic optimal weights of other five different portfolios equally distributed, in terms of CVaR, along the time dependent efficient frontier for different values of the confidence in the views.
The overperformance can be achieved by the more efficient and desirable risk-reward combinations on the state-dependent frontier that can be obtained only by systematically altering portfolio allocations in response to changes in the investment opportunities as the economy switches back and forth among different states. An investor who ignores regimes sits on the unconditional frontier, thus an investor can do better by holding a higher Sharpe ratio portfolio when the low volatility regime prevails. Conversely, when the bad regime occurs, the investor who ignores regimes holds too high a risky asset weight. She would have been better off shifting into the risk-free asset when the bear regime hits. As a consequence, the presence of two regimes and two frontiers means that the regime switching investment opportunity set dominates the investment opportunity set offered by one frontier.
Global education and current trends from social abstract for the paperAmarwaha
The last century intense with a dream and aspirations and major social experiments has ended with general collapse of initiative for social transformation and total disillusionment with efforts of ‘development’ of the so called ‘developing’ nations. The so called victorious ideology-capitalism- has sought to consolidate its triumph with a call for ‘globalization’ for freeing of market, for unchecked hunting by private capital within and across nations with total disregard for the sovereignty rights of nations across the world. Globalization did not develop evenly: indeed, it was accompanied by inequality and conflict. The global development of economic and social relations has been paralleled by wide disparities between North and South.
This article reviews the phenomenon of globalization, its essence, content and causes are analyzed in various aspects. The special attention is paid to the cultural aspect, opinions of sociologists on the distribution of heterogeneity of world culture and globalization of culture its causes and consequences are analyzed. The theme of global languages and the problem of preserving cultural identity and heritage of different nations and peoples are also revealed. by Dinara Abdunayimova 2020. Globalization, its essence, causes and consequences. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 9 (Sep. 2020), 28-32. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i9.583. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/583/557 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/583
This is my personal essay whilst completing a Post Graduate Diploma in International Relations at the University of the West-Indies. I WILL REALLY APPRECIATE CONSTRUCTIVE DISCOURSE ON THIS TOPIC AS TO ME IT IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY MORE RELEVANT IN TODAY'S INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL LANDSCAPE.
Globalization and its impacts on the world economics development by akram chUniversity Of Gujrat
Globalization is a process of global economic, political and cultural integration. It has made the world become a small village; the borders have been broken down between countries. ''The history of globalization goes back to the second half of the twentieth century, the development of transport and communication technology led to situation where national borders appeared to be too limiting for economic activity'' (Economic Globalization in Developing Countries, 2002). Globalization is playing an increasingly important role in the developing countries. It can be seen that, globalization has certain advantages such as economic processes, technological developments, political influences, health systems, social and natural environment factors. It has a lot of benefit on our daily life. Globalization has created a new opportunities for developing countries. Such as, technology transfer hold out promise, greater opportunities to access developed countries markets, growth and improved productivity and living standards. However, it is not true that all effects of this phenomenon are positive. Because, globalization has also brought up new challenges such as, environmental deteriorations, instability in commercial and financial markets, increase inequity across and within nations.
PA 315Government Business RelationsChapter 111.docxsmile790243
PA 315
Government Business Relations
Chapter 11
1
Up till now, we have completed the first portion of class, which we focused on economic development policies and practices in domestic context. We examined the tensions between government business relations in the following dimensions:
market vs. government (how much role should government play in economic development)
public interest vs. private interest (how to balance the pubic and private interests in economic development)
Starting from today, we are going to the second half of the class, focusing on economic development policies in the international context. The tensions between government and business relations are examined in the following perspectives:
neoliberalism vs. protectionism (how extensive should government policies be promoting free trade and protecting domestic industries)
national interest vs. global responsibility (as a player in the global arena, how to balance the national interest and its global responsibility)
What’s left…
Globalization
Neoliberalism and Protectionism
North American trade agreements (examples of regional trade agreements) –NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement
Free Trade vs. Fair Trade –
European Union (regional economy and political integration) –
IFO: International Finance Institutions –
In the second half of the class, we will shift to analyze the international trading regimes and government’s role in managing them. Here are the topics as listed in your syllabus.
NAFTA – Mexico, Canada, and United States
CAFTA – Expansion of NAFTA – includes Central American countries of
1. Costa Rica
2. El Salvador
3. Guatemala
4. Honduras
5. Nicaragua
In 2004, Dominican Republic was added and the agreement was renamed CAFTA –DR
The free trade area of the Americas is an expansion to the NAFTA. Representatives from all countries in North, South, and Latin America, as well as the Caribbean are involved. The only country not represented is CUBA.
2
What is globalization?
When you think of globalization, do you think of it in positive terms or negative terms?
Globalization
Globalization is an umbrella term
It is the free movement of goods, services, and people across the world in a seamless and integrated manner
Things to consider…
Most regions are self sufficient – locally produced foods, fuels and raw materials are generally processed for local consumption.
Even though trade has been around for centuries (silk traders), trade between regions was limited.
Today, economies of most countries are interconnected creating a single, interdependent global economy.
The term globalization includes change through the spread of ideas, information and perceptions which lead to cultural and social changes.
4
The world is entered into an era of globalism or globalization, which is an umbrella term for a complex series of economic, social, technological, cultural and political changes. It is seen as increasing interdependence, int.
PA 315Government Business RelationsChapter 111.docxhoney690131
PA 315
Government Business Relations
Chapter 11
1
Up till now, we have completed the first portion of class, which we focused on economic development policies and practices in domestic context. We examined the tensions between government business relations in the following dimensions:
market vs. government (how much role should government play in economic development)
public interest vs. private interest (how to balance the pubic and private interests in economic development)
Starting from today, we are going to the second half of the class, focusing on economic development policies in the international context. The tensions between government and business relations are examined in the following perspectives:
neoliberalism vs. protectionism (how extensive should government policies be promoting free trade and protecting domestic industries)
national interest vs. global responsibility (as a player in the global arena, how to balance the national interest and its global responsibility)
What’s left…
Globalization
Neoliberalism and Protectionism
North American trade agreements (examples of regional trade agreements) –NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement
Free Trade vs. Fair Trade –
European Union (regional economy and political integration) –
IFO: International Finance Institutions –
In the second half of the class, we will shift to analyze the international trading regimes and government’s role in managing them. Here are the topics as listed in your syllabus.
NAFTA – Mexico, Canada, and United States
CAFTA – Expansion of NAFTA – includes Central American countries of
1. Costa Rica
2. El Salvador
3. Guatemala
4. Honduras
5. Nicaragua
In 2004, Dominican Republic was added and the agreement was renamed CAFTA –DR
The free trade area of the Americas is an expansion to the NAFTA. Representatives from all countries in North, South, and Latin America, as well as the Caribbean are involved. The only country not represented is CUBA.
2
What is globalization?
When you think of globalization, do you think of it in positive terms or negative terms?
Globalization
Globalization is an umbrella term
It is the free movement of goods, services, and people across the world in a seamless and integrated manner
Things to consider…
Most regions are self sufficient – locally produced foods, fuels and raw materials are generally processed for local consumption.
Even though trade has been around for centuries (silk traders), trade between regions was limited.
Today, economies of most countries are interconnected creating a single, interdependent global economy.
The term globalization includes change through the spread of ideas, information and perceptions which lead to cultural and social changes.
4
The world is entered into an era of globalism or globalization, which is an umbrella term for a complex series of economic, social, technological, cultural and political changes. It is seen as increasing interdependence, int.
PA 315Government Business RelationsChapter 111.docxaman341480
PA 315
Government Business Relations
Chapter 11
1
Up till now, we have completed the first portion of class, which we focused on economic development policies and practices in domestic context. We examined the tensions between government business relations in the following dimensions:
market vs. government (how much role should government play in economic development)
public interest vs. private interest (how to balance the pubic and private interests in economic development)
Starting from today, we are going to the second half of the class, focusing on economic development policies in the international context. The tensions between government and business relations are examined in the following perspectives:
neoliberalism vs. protectionism (how extensive should government policies be promoting free trade and protecting domestic industries)
national interest vs. global responsibility (as a player in the global arena, how to balance the national interest and its global responsibility)
What’s left…
Globalization
Neoliberalism and Protectionism
North American trade agreements (examples of regional trade agreements) –NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement
Free Trade vs. Fair Trade –
European Union (regional economy and political integration) –
IFO: International Finance Institutions –
In the second half of the class, we will shift to analyze the international trading regimes and government’s role in managing them. Here are the topics as listed in your syllabus.
NAFTA – Mexico, Canada, and United States
CAFTA – Expansion of NAFTA – includes Central American countries of
1. Costa Rica
2. El Salvador
3. Guatemala
4. Honduras
5. Nicaragua
In 2004, Dominican Republic was added and the agreement was renamed CAFTA –DR
The free trade area of the Americas is an expansion to the NAFTA. Representatives from all countries in North, South, and Latin America, as well as the Caribbean are involved. The only country not represented is CUBA.
2
What is globalization?
When you think of globalization, do you think of it in positive terms or negative terms?
Globalization
Globalization is an umbrella term
It is the free movement of goods, services, and people across the world in a seamless and integrated manner
Things to consider…
Most regions are self sufficient – locally produced foods, fuels and raw materials are generally processed for local consumption.
Even though trade has been around for centuries (silk traders), trade between regions was limited.
Today, economies of most countries are interconnected creating a single, interdependent global economy.
The term globalization includes change through the spread of ideas, information and perceptions which lead to cultural and social changes.
4
The world is entered into an era of globalism or globalization, which is an umbrella term for a complex series of economic, social, technological, cultural and political changes. It is seen as increasing interdependence, int.
PA 315Government Business RelationsChapter 111.docxkarlhennesey
PA 315
Government Business Relations
Chapter 11
1
Up till now, we have completed the first portion of class, which we focused on economic development policies and practices in domestic context. We examined the tensions between government business relations in the following dimensions:
market vs. government (how much role should government play in economic development)
public interest vs. private interest (how to balance the pubic and private interests in economic development)
Starting from today, we are going to the second half of the class, focusing on economic development policies in the international context. The tensions between government and business relations are examined in the following perspectives:
neoliberalism vs. protectionism (how extensive should government policies be promoting free trade and protecting domestic industries)
national interest vs. global responsibility (as a player in the global arena, how to balance the national interest and its global responsibility)
What’s left…
Globalization
Neoliberalism and Protectionism
North American trade agreements (examples of regional trade agreements) –NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement
Free Trade vs. Fair Trade –
European Union (regional economy and political integration) –
IFO: International Finance Institutions –
In the second half of the class, we will shift to analyze the international trading regimes and government’s role in managing them. Here are the topics as listed in your syllabus.
NAFTA – Mexico, Canada, and United States
CAFTA – Expansion of NAFTA – includes Central American countries of
1. Costa Rica
2. El Salvador
3. Guatemala
4. Honduras
5. Nicaragua
In 2004, Dominican Republic was added and the agreement was renamed CAFTA –DR
The free trade area of the Americas is an expansion to the NAFTA. Representatives from all countries in North, South, and Latin America, as well as the Caribbean are involved. The only country not represented is CUBA.
2
What is globalization?
When you think of globalization, do you think of it in positive terms or negative terms?
Globalization
Globalization is an umbrella term
It is the free movement of goods, services, and people across the world in a seamless and integrated manner
Things to consider…
Most regions are self sufficient – locally produced foods, fuels and raw materials are generally processed for local consumption.
Even though trade has been around for centuries (silk traders), trade between regions was limited.
Today, economies of most countries are interconnected creating a single, interdependent global economy.
The term globalization includes change through the spread of ideas, information and perceptions which lead to cultural and social changes.
4
The world is entered into an era of globalism or globalization, which is an umbrella term for a complex series of economic, social, technological, cultural and political changes. It is seen as increasing interdependence, int ...
1. Writer: Duong Kim Thanh Class: QH2013.F1.E11
WRITING ASSIGNMENT 2
(Version 2)
Topic: Disscus this topic: “Effects of Globalization”
Globalization refers to the virtual contraction of the world into a small place
where all countries are inter-related with each other. It became possible due to
immense progress and growth in information technology and ultimate influences
on means of communication and transportation. Globalization is a 19th century
phenomenon during which countries started to build economic, political and
business ties with each other. There were many causes of globalization, but major
reasons are attributed with improved and fast means of transportation around the
world. Moreover, increased controls and communication are possible through swift
and immediate connections via satellite services and internet. Thus, this paper
explores the phenomena of globalization and focuses predomaninantly on
economical and cultural analysis of it.
In this regard, every aspect of national and international affairs such as
political, economic and education system, international markets and trade has
changed. As a matter of fact, there is a big difference between economical and
cultural system of evaluation of this phenomena. Cultural analyses of
globlalization refers to identification a dominant logic of globalization, which
means from the cultural point of view, globalization represents a phenomena with a
complex set of causes; frequently it can include cultural, ideological, political and
social aspects. From the point of economical perspective, the analysis may be
completed concerning such aspects as possible impact of the level of global
production and exchange of commodities; it implies static and dynamic analysis of
economies state and influence of technologies on them.
Economy is a critical part of political systems and has undergone many
changes through globalization. Some notable features include labor dynamics,
economic models and international commodities. As soon as the means of
transportation was expanded through globalization, not only did the business grow
but mass migration of labor from poorand developing countries was also observed.
An influx of labor occurred in developed countries where markets were stronger
and opportunities for work were plenty (Stalker, 2000; O’Rourke & Williamson,
2002). This migration has provided better work opportunities and independence for
2. Writer: Duong Kim Thanh Class: QH2013.F1.E11
labors, and increased production of goods and services. However, it also brings
about the negative consequences including poor regulation of working conditions
for labor issue of minimum wages, child labor and equal wages for women. In this
context, the rise of labor unions and legislations which safeguard labor rights have
contributed towards creating flexible work environments for workers.
Regarding business and economic systems, globalized capitalist economic
models have been imitated in most of the countries to stay interconnected and
survive in global economic systems. Mode of production of commodities has also
been globalized when raw materials are purchased from one country and products
are manufactured in another country. As a result, marketing and supply chains of
commodities are complex and contain many states in the line of production and
supply (O’Rourke& Williamson, 2002).
There are multiple implications of globalized and integrated marketing
systems, such as those in the European Union and United States. Some aspects are
in the favor of governments and international governmental organization while
some other aspects pose negative impacts on small national markets and individual
businessmen. These include governmental partnerships on various food, utility and
consumer goods and services; consequently improved economies through export
and import earnings. During the times of economic growth through increased
businesses, local political economies in member countries of integrated economic
systems grow their exchange reserves, but there are severe instabilities when the
economic meltdown starts. For example, the 27 countries block in European Union
suffers together when the value of common currency moves down the spiral (Amin
& Thrift, 1995). Contrary to the economic gains for governments through political
partnerships, local industries and individual businessmen face an economic crisis
due to increased imports of cheap products or raw materials from other countries
(Pinilla & Ayuda, 2010). The local industries of raw materials and processing units
collapse when their prices are not competitive with the prices of imported goods.
The case study of booming markets for Chinese raw material and products across
Europe, America and Australia provides a relevant example here (Bridge, 2002;
Ronnback, 2009).
Taking to the account the impact of globalization in culture sphere,
there are both positive and negative effects have been experienced. Societies have
undergone cultural changes and individuals are adapting to a cosmopolitan culture.
In this regard, western culture has been considered to be quite invasive for other
cultures and notion of cultural imperialism has gained strength to explain the
propagation of American culture throughout the world (James, 2005). It has been
suggested that Hollywood movies and television productions are main reasons
3. Writer: Duong Kim Thanh Class: QH2013.F1.E11
behind American culture imperialism. There are individual level changes as well,
in which social institutions like marriage, family, child rearing practices and
lifestyles are absorbing foreign influences. Individuals and societies from
developing countries try to imitate cultures and lifestyles in developed countries,
eventually the traditions, values, social practices, gender roles and social classes
are undergoing swift changes (Tomlinson, 1991; Tomlinson, 2003). Except in
some indigenous societies, micro-cultures have evolved, leading to formation of
diverse societies in terms of social norms and cultural practices.
Prior globalization, there were heterogeneous societies separated by
geographical barriers and lack of means of transportation and these societies had
distinct cultural identities. The critics of cultural globalization argue that cultural
globalization has victimized cultural identities of different societies. The fast
changing times of today represents a transition state in which societies are turning
homogeneous (Meyer & Geschiere, 1999). In this regard, globalized capitalism is
pervasive which ultimately leads to the promotion of goods belonging to western
cultures all over the world. Despite this promotion and invasiveness of western
cultures, according to some cultural theorists, the cultural identities are
strengthened by the process of globalization. The emergence of diversity and
recognition of multi-ethnic groups internationally create tensions for governments
in some countries, but these tensions actually give way to more powerful images of
specific cultures and cultural norms. In addition to this, to endorse their cultural
identities in a globalized world, the members of these in-groups tend to practice
their cultural norms with greater spirits (Tomlinson, 1991; Tomlinson, 2003).
In conclusion, globalization has affected the economic and social
systems across the world and has both positive and negative implications. At one
hand, there are open cultures, better education systems, globalized economics,
integrated markets and complex international affairs in terms of political, economic
and security policies. While on the other hand, there are issues of labor rights,
minimum wages, cultural invasiveness and economic downturns due to integrated
economies. However, globalization is moving in parallel to the social progress
across the world.
4. Writer: Duong Kim Thanh Class: QH2013.F1.E11
REFERRENCES
1. Amin, A., & Thrift, N. (1995). Globalization, institutions, and regional
development in Europe. Oxford University Press.
2. Bridge, G. (2002). Grounding Globalization: The Prospects and Perils of
Linking Economic Processes of Globalization to Environmental Outcomes*.
Economic Geography, 78 (3), 361-386.
3. James, P. (2005). Arguing globalizations: Propositions towards an
investigation of global formation. Globalizations 2 (2), 193-209.
4. Meyer, B. E., & Geschiere, P. E. (1999). Globalization and identity:
Dialectics of flow and closure. Backwell Publishing.
5. O’Rourke, K. H., & Williamson, J. G. (2002). When did Globalization
begin? European Review of Economic History, 6 (1), 23-50.
6. Pinilla, V., & Ayuda, M. I. (2010). Taking advantage of globalization? Spain
and the building of international market in Mediterranean horticultural
products, 1850-1935. European Review of Economic History, 14 (2), 239-
274.
7. Ronnback, K. (2009). Integration of global commodity markets in the early
modern era. European Review of Economic History, 13 (1). 95-120.
8. Stalker, P. (2000). Workers without frontiers: the impact of globalization
and international migration. International Labour Organization.
9. Tomlinson, J. (1991). Cultural imperialism. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
10.Tomlinson, J. (2003). Globalization and cultural identity. The global
transformations reader, 2.