Atarud is an expert system for learning languages. It provides the following advice:
- Speak the target language as much as possible and pay close attention to pronunciation and body language.
- Memorize phrases and sentences, not individual words, to help with fluency.
- Practice using new words in a variety of phrases and sentences to aid memorization rather than learning words in isolation.
The document provides an overview of the different types of TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) tests, including the Computer Based Test (CBT), Paper Based Test (PBT), and Internet Based Test (iBT). It describes the sections of the iBT, including reading, listening, speaking, and writing. Each section is tested differently, with multiple choice questions, short answer responses, and essay writing. The document offers tips for taking the test and managing time during the different sections. Overall, the TOEFL aims to test English language proficiency skills required for college-level academic settings.
The document discusses the history and development of chocolate over centuries. It details how chocolate originated from cacao beans used by the Olmecs and Mayans as currency and medicine. Later, chocolate drinks became popular among the Aztecs and Europeans discovered chocolate in the 16th century, initially using it as medicine before it became widely consumed as a sweet treat.
There are two types of menstrual pain: primary and secondary dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea is believed to be caused by hyperactivity of the hormone prostaglandin and presents in women in their teens and 20s without any underlying medical issues. Secondary dysmenorrhea occurs when there are underlying problems in the uterus or pelvic organs that cause pain, which may develop in women who previously had painless periods. The document outlines natural remedies women can try to ease menstrual pain, such as using a heating pad, massage, exercise, and over-the-counter medications. It also mentions that birth control may help regulate periods and reduce pain.
Flat design is evolving while still maintaining its core principles of simplicity and minimalism. The new flat design incorporates some subtle textures and shadows while retaining clean, bold visuals. Emerging trends in flat design include more detailed iconography, dramatic typography, accented colors used sparingly, consistency in fonts, and an emphasis on minimalism. Flat design influences and merges with other styles like Material Design, incorporating animation and layering. In the future, flat elements will likely be adapted by other designs while flat design itself continues integrating new techniques like imagery and parallax scrolling.
Present perfect and present perfect progressiveAtarud A Lingua
The document discusses the difference between the present perfect tense and present perfect progressive tense. The present perfect tense is used to talk about an action that started and ended at an unclear time in the past or an action that started in the past and may still be relevant. The present perfect progressive tense is used to talk about an ongoing action that began in the past and continues in the present. However, for the verbs "teach, live, and work", both tenses can be used interchangeably. The present perfect tense can also be used with repeated actions and state verbs like "know, like" when used with "since" or "for".
Speak English as much as possible to improve your skills. Think and dream in English to become fully immersed in the language. Speaking English regularly, thinking in English, and even dreaming in English can help you greatly improve your proficiency with the language.
English, Maori, and New Zealand Sign Language are New Zealand's official languages. Maori became an official language in 1987 and New Zealand was the first country to declare sign language as official in 2006. New Zealand has a diverse population influenced by indigenous Maori culture as well as European, Asian, and Pacific Island immigrants. The Maori culture has experienced a renaissance in wood carving, weaving, and construction of carved meeting houses while their songs and dances have become popular among young New Zealanders.
The document provides an overview of the different types of TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) tests, including the Computer Based Test (CBT), Paper Based Test (PBT), and Internet Based Test (iBT). It describes the sections of the iBT, including reading, listening, speaking, and writing. Each section is tested differently, with multiple choice questions, short answer responses, and essay writing. The document offers tips for taking the test and managing time during the different sections. Overall, the TOEFL aims to test English language proficiency skills required for college-level academic settings.
The document discusses the history and development of chocolate over centuries. It details how chocolate originated from cacao beans used by the Olmecs and Mayans as currency and medicine. Later, chocolate drinks became popular among the Aztecs and Europeans discovered chocolate in the 16th century, initially using it as medicine before it became widely consumed as a sweet treat.
There are two types of menstrual pain: primary and secondary dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea is believed to be caused by hyperactivity of the hormone prostaglandin and presents in women in their teens and 20s without any underlying medical issues. Secondary dysmenorrhea occurs when there are underlying problems in the uterus or pelvic organs that cause pain, which may develop in women who previously had painless periods. The document outlines natural remedies women can try to ease menstrual pain, such as using a heating pad, massage, exercise, and over-the-counter medications. It also mentions that birth control may help regulate periods and reduce pain.
Flat design is evolving while still maintaining its core principles of simplicity and minimalism. The new flat design incorporates some subtle textures and shadows while retaining clean, bold visuals. Emerging trends in flat design include more detailed iconography, dramatic typography, accented colors used sparingly, consistency in fonts, and an emphasis on minimalism. Flat design influences and merges with other styles like Material Design, incorporating animation and layering. In the future, flat elements will likely be adapted by other designs while flat design itself continues integrating new techniques like imagery and parallax scrolling.
Present perfect and present perfect progressiveAtarud A Lingua
The document discusses the difference between the present perfect tense and present perfect progressive tense. The present perfect tense is used to talk about an action that started and ended at an unclear time in the past or an action that started in the past and may still be relevant. The present perfect progressive tense is used to talk about an ongoing action that began in the past and continues in the present. However, for the verbs "teach, live, and work", both tenses can be used interchangeably. The present perfect tense can also be used with repeated actions and state verbs like "know, like" when used with "since" or "for".
Speak English as much as possible to improve your skills. Think and dream in English to become fully immersed in the language. Speaking English regularly, thinking in English, and even dreaming in English can help you greatly improve your proficiency with the language.
English, Maori, and New Zealand Sign Language are New Zealand's official languages. Maori became an official language in 1987 and New Zealand was the first country to declare sign language as official in 2006. New Zealand has a diverse population influenced by indigenous Maori culture as well as European, Asian, and Pacific Island immigrants. The Maori culture has experienced a renaissance in wood carving, weaving, and construction of carved meeting houses while their songs and dances have become popular among young New Zealanders.
The document discusses the past perfect tense in English. It defines the past perfect tense as used to talk about an action that was completed at an unspecified time before a specific time or another action in the past. It provides structures for affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms. It discusses common uses including actions that started and ended before another past action or a specific time. It also discusses using the past perfect tense to show cause and effect. The document provides examples and discusses using the past perfect tense in main and subordinate clauses.
The document is a collection of interviews with 28 experts in web design and development about emerging trends in 2013 and beyond. It discusses trends in mobile and web design, animation techniques, layout and UI design, the evolution of technologies like responsive design and touch interfaces. The experts provide their perspectives on simplicity, app-inspired design, alternative navigation patterns, and the balance between photorealistic and flat design aesthetics.
This document describes a standpipe water system used for fire suppression. It has four main purposes: 1) quick suppression in the early stages of a fire before automatic systems activate, 2) operation by one person, 3) minimizing water damage by targeting water delivery, and 4) allowing occupant safety and rescue. It describes three classes of standpipe systems with different hose connection sizes used by building occupants, trained personnel, and fire departments. Standpipe systems are required in various building types where fire department response times exceed five minutes. The document also provides details on typical standpipe hardware components.
This document provides an overview and analysis of web design trends for 2013-2014. It examines 11 major trends, including the era of content-centric design, storytelling, responsive websites, flat design, parallax scrolling, video backgrounds, and non-standard navigation. For each trend, 15 examples of websites demonstrating that trend are provided and analyzed. The document suggests that these trends reflect an increased focus on usability, content, and adapting to different devices and screen sizes. It aims to identify popular patterns that can inspire web designers.
A comprehensive presentation on TOEFL iBT by Jan Rahimi, one of the senior te...Atarud A Lingua
The document provides an overview of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) exam. It discusses the three types of TOEFL tests that have been used: Computer Based Test (CBT), Paper Based Test (PBT), and Internet Based Test (iBT). The iBT, introduced in 2005, is now the primary test format. The document then outlines the four sections of the iBT - Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing - and provides details on the types of questions, timing, scoring, and expectations for each section. Key preparation tips are also included to help test-takers succeed on the TOEFL exam.
This document provides an overview of optical fiber communication networks. It discusses how optical fibers work using the principle of total internal reflection. It describes the different types of fibers used - multi-mode and single-mode fibers. The document also covers fiber splicing techniques like mechanical and fusion splicing and compares their characteristics. Additional topics covered include fault detection tools like OTDRs and how they work to identify faults or breaks in fiber links. Finally, the document briefly defines geographic information systems and their role in network documentation.
This document provides a yearly scheme of work for Year 6. It outlines the weekly themes, learning outcomes, specifications, grammar/vocabulary, moral values and thinking skills, and textbook pages for each week. The scheme covers 10 weeks and includes units on personal relationships, the world of sport, bright ideas, and long ago stories. Each week focuses on developing students' listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills through lessons targeting pronunciation, vocabulary, comprehension, sentence construction, and description writing. Moral values such as honesty, diligence, and cooperation are also emphasized.
This document outlines the curriculum units for a first grade English program. It includes 8 units that will be covered throughout the school year, focusing on topics like emotions, community, conflict resolution, folktales, habitats, and growth. Each unit includes vocabulary, concepts, and skills that will be taught, such as days of the week, story elements, interview skills, punctuation, and writing for an audience.
English language yearly scheme of work y6 year 2014 Shafira Khalid
The document provides a yearly scheme of work for Year 6 students. It outlines the topics, learning outcomes, specifications, grammar/vocabulary, moral values/thinking skills, and textbook pages for each week. Over the course of 14 weeks, students will cover units on personal relationships, the world of sport, bright ideas, and long ago stories. They will work on listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills while learning about values like honesty, cooperation, and gratitude. Specifications include pronouncing multisyllabic words, asking questions, reading comprehension, and writing descriptions.
The document discusses using radio as a medium to address the farm sector through media. It notes that radio is an inexpensive, localized, and simple broadcasting method to transfer field-based experiences to villagers. It recommends producing highly localized content in the local language at times suitable for farmers and their families. The document provides tips for effective radio formats and content, suggesting keeping the language non-technical and focused, using simple sentences and examples, and engaging listeners with an entertaining delivery style.
The document discusses barriers to effective communication and how to overcome them. It identifies potential barriers including the credibility of the sender, different interpretations of words or messages, and issues with channels of communication like body language. It also notes barriers from the receiver's environment or background. To overcome these barriers, the sender should understand the receiver's perspective and follow best practices for clear communication. The receiver should also prepare well by listening actively and ensuring understanding.
Here are the key points about making polite requests in English:
- Use modal verbs like "can", "could", "may" to make the request sound more polite. For example, "Could you tell me..." instead of "Tell me...".
- Add polite expressions like "please", "if possible", "would you mind" to soften the request. For example, "Please let me know if..."
- Address the person properly using their name or title to show respect. For example, "Madam" in the conversation.
- Give a reason for your request to make it more reasonable. Praveen explains why he needs the information.
- Respond politely if the request is denied,
This document provides an introduction to idioms and metaphors. It discusses how idioms are fixed expressions that use language metaphorically rather than literally. Common examples of idioms are provided. It also explains that metaphors are comparisons between two unlike things that help understand one idea in terms of another. Some key metaphors discussed are time is money, business is war, and life is a journey. The document emphasizes that idioms and metaphors are very important aspects of the English language.
The document discusses the past perfect tense in English. It defines the past perfect tense as used to talk about an action that was completed at an unspecified time before a specific time or another action in the past. It provides structures for affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms. It discusses common uses including actions that started and ended before another past action or a specific time. It also discusses using the past perfect tense to show cause and effect. The document provides examples and discusses using the past perfect tense in main and subordinate clauses.
The document is a collection of interviews with 28 experts in web design and development about emerging trends in 2013 and beyond. It discusses trends in mobile and web design, animation techniques, layout and UI design, the evolution of technologies like responsive design and touch interfaces. The experts provide their perspectives on simplicity, app-inspired design, alternative navigation patterns, and the balance between photorealistic and flat design aesthetics.
This document describes a standpipe water system used for fire suppression. It has four main purposes: 1) quick suppression in the early stages of a fire before automatic systems activate, 2) operation by one person, 3) minimizing water damage by targeting water delivery, and 4) allowing occupant safety and rescue. It describes three classes of standpipe systems with different hose connection sizes used by building occupants, trained personnel, and fire departments. Standpipe systems are required in various building types where fire department response times exceed five minutes. The document also provides details on typical standpipe hardware components.
This document provides an overview and analysis of web design trends for 2013-2014. It examines 11 major trends, including the era of content-centric design, storytelling, responsive websites, flat design, parallax scrolling, video backgrounds, and non-standard navigation. For each trend, 15 examples of websites demonstrating that trend are provided and analyzed. The document suggests that these trends reflect an increased focus on usability, content, and adapting to different devices and screen sizes. It aims to identify popular patterns that can inspire web designers.
A comprehensive presentation on TOEFL iBT by Jan Rahimi, one of the senior te...Atarud A Lingua
The document provides an overview of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) exam. It discusses the three types of TOEFL tests that have been used: Computer Based Test (CBT), Paper Based Test (PBT), and Internet Based Test (iBT). The iBT, introduced in 2005, is now the primary test format. The document then outlines the four sections of the iBT - Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing - and provides details on the types of questions, timing, scoring, and expectations for each section. Key preparation tips are also included to help test-takers succeed on the TOEFL exam.
This document provides an overview of optical fiber communication networks. It discusses how optical fibers work using the principle of total internal reflection. It describes the different types of fibers used - multi-mode and single-mode fibers. The document also covers fiber splicing techniques like mechanical and fusion splicing and compares their characteristics. Additional topics covered include fault detection tools like OTDRs and how they work to identify faults or breaks in fiber links. Finally, the document briefly defines geographic information systems and their role in network documentation.
This document provides a yearly scheme of work for Year 6. It outlines the weekly themes, learning outcomes, specifications, grammar/vocabulary, moral values and thinking skills, and textbook pages for each week. The scheme covers 10 weeks and includes units on personal relationships, the world of sport, bright ideas, and long ago stories. Each week focuses on developing students' listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills through lessons targeting pronunciation, vocabulary, comprehension, sentence construction, and description writing. Moral values such as honesty, diligence, and cooperation are also emphasized.
This document outlines the curriculum units for a first grade English program. It includes 8 units that will be covered throughout the school year, focusing on topics like emotions, community, conflict resolution, folktales, habitats, and growth. Each unit includes vocabulary, concepts, and skills that will be taught, such as days of the week, story elements, interview skills, punctuation, and writing for an audience.
English language yearly scheme of work y6 year 2014 Shafira Khalid
The document provides a yearly scheme of work for Year 6 students. It outlines the topics, learning outcomes, specifications, grammar/vocabulary, moral values/thinking skills, and textbook pages for each week. Over the course of 14 weeks, students will cover units on personal relationships, the world of sport, bright ideas, and long ago stories. They will work on listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills while learning about values like honesty, cooperation, and gratitude. Specifications include pronouncing multisyllabic words, asking questions, reading comprehension, and writing descriptions.
The document discusses using radio as a medium to address the farm sector through media. It notes that radio is an inexpensive, localized, and simple broadcasting method to transfer field-based experiences to villagers. It recommends producing highly localized content in the local language at times suitable for farmers and their families. The document provides tips for effective radio formats and content, suggesting keeping the language non-technical and focused, using simple sentences and examples, and engaging listeners with an entertaining delivery style.
The document discusses barriers to effective communication and how to overcome them. It identifies potential barriers including the credibility of the sender, different interpretations of words or messages, and issues with channels of communication like body language. It also notes barriers from the receiver's environment or background. To overcome these barriers, the sender should understand the receiver's perspective and follow best practices for clear communication. The receiver should also prepare well by listening actively and ensuring understanding.
Here are the key points about making polite requests in English:
- Use modal verbs like "can", "could", "may" to make the request sound more polite. For example, "Could you tell me..." instead of "Tell me...".
- Add polite expressions like "please", "if possible", "would you mind" to soften the request. For example, "Please let me know if..."
- Address the person properly using their name or title to show respect. For example, "Madam" in the conversation.
- Give a reason for your request to make it more reasonable. Praveen explains why he needs the information.
- Respond politely if the request is denied,
This document provides an introduction to idioms and metaphors. It discusses how idioms are fixed expressions that use language metaphorically rather than literally. Common examples of idioms are provided. It also explains that metaphors are comparisons between two unlike things that help understand one idea in terms of another. Some key metaphors discussed are time is money, business is war, and life is a journey. The document emphasizes that idioms and metaphors are very important aspects of the English language.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Vc1
1. 1
Atarud
A lingua Advanced System
Speak the target language.
Pay close attention to pronunciation.
Copy the body language.
Memorize phrases and sentences Not individual words.
VC1
4. 4
borrow
broken down
fluently
obey
the prophet
to Skype
nephew
determine
following
scheduled
relieved
unusual
fascinate
memo
float /floated
effortlessly
stream
foot/feet
wet
downhill
get your feet wet
it will be downhill from there
injured injury
worse
find out
close attention
expensive
cell phone
appreciate
couple
celebrate
anniversary
marriage
improve
mail man
description
mad at someone
private
salary
11. 11
sail s
makeshift
raft
glide out/glided out
skating
frozen pond
steaming cup
coca
flag
often
the Louvre
unparalleled
talent
fat
fit
thick
thin
glad
sad
quick
calm
noisy
wealthy/rich
poor/broke
wrong
tiny/petty
huge/large/vast
proper
improper
wise
mean
cruel
18. 18
surrounded
a great deal of time
Unit 8
ability
possibility
request
polite
favor
advice
hashish
conditional
build
mosque
obligation
demand
prohibit/prohibited
traffic law
cut out
warning
suggestion
traffic jam
again
probability
preference
more
trouble
a couple of
ice