Mobile Performance Testing Approaches and ChallengesNous Infosystems
This whitepaper speaks about how Mobile Apps play a key role in daily business functions and the changing trends of consumer web-usage along with a brief summary of mobile application performance drivers...
User Activity Analysis Using Accelerometer and Cloud ComputingMarwan Issa
This dissertation focuses on analyzing the accelerometer data collected from built-in sensors in smartphones using the advanced technology of cloud computing for processing and analyzing.
Mobile Performance Testing Approaches and ChallengesNous Infosystems
This whitepaper speaks about how Mobile Apps play a key role in daily business functions and the changing trends of consumer web-usage along with a brief summary of mobile application performance drivers...
User Activity Analysis Using Accelerometer and Cloud ComputingMarwan Issa
This dissertation focuses on analyzing the accelerometer data collected from built-in sensors in smartphones using the advanced technology of cloud computing for processing and analyzing.
Measurement of mobile business applicationsAFF Group
MOBILE DEVICES ARE PRESENT EVERYWHERE. IT IS INEVITABLE FOR EVERY COMPANY TO IMPLEMENT A COMPREHENSIVE MOBILE STRATEGY. AN APPLICATION DOES NOT ONLY SERVE TO INPUT AND DISPLAY TEXTUAL AND VISUAL INFORMATION.
IT IS IMPORTANT TO BUILD SUCH A KNOWLEDGE BASE BY MEANS OF WHICH WE CAN COLLECT, ANALYSE AND ASSESS MEASURABLE DATA.
This study investigates the importance of the usability of a Mobile First Company (MFC) app. The number of
MFCs is growing rapidly worldwide, and the existence of such companies primarily rely on their apps being used. There
is a broad range of usability literature, however scarce data exists, that describes how app usability contributes to the
success of MFCs. This research uses a case study to empirically extract an initial link between MFC success and the perceived usability of its app. Arabic-System Usability Scale (A-SUS) is employed to evaluate the usability of an MFC app
in Kuwait. The results are used to start collecting data in order to initiate a correlation between MFC success with its app
perceived usability.
Mobile application development processTalentSmart1
Mobile app development is the process of creating software applications for cell phones and other portable devices. These software programs may come pre-installed on hardware or may need to be downloaded and installed by users. Creating software for mobile apps, integrating backend services like data access APIs, and testing the application on target devices are all part of the mobile application development services provided by app development companies.
We employ cutting-edge technologies to create a variety of web and mobile applications. Our experts leverage agile methodologies to provide world-class application development services that are scalable, resilient, and swift while also providing a great customer experience.
The two main mobile app development platforms are IOS from Apple and Android from Google. In contrast to Google Android, which is made available for mobile devices and businesses that meet the requirements for Android software applications, Apple uses its iOS application specifically for its own devices.
Talent Smart is a renowned app development company, offering application development services that aid in the creation of well-designed, user-friendly, and efficient apps in India and USA. At Talent Smart, we have a skilled team that is well-educated in building applications for multiple platforms and B2B organizations.
Abstraction and Automation: A Software Design Approach for Developing Secure ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Town-Guide Android Application
Student Name
Submission Date
Cover Letter
This project involved design and requirements gathering for an Android application called Town-guide application. The following is the list of people who engaged in the requirements gathering and the design study:
The Study Team Members
Name
Organization
Role
Asker Jones
City Guide Inc.
Database administrator
Peter Smith
City Guide Inc.
Mobile App Developer
Miss. Jayne Wang
City Guide Inc.
Requirements analyst
Alex Sigh
City Guide Inc.
System Designer
Study Objectives
The general objective of the study is to introduce a new android application for visitors at the end of next month to help lower their travelling costs by 50% and reduce the time for finding places and services to one minute. The project also aims to help visitors find category of services in a region by one click with details such as directions, ratings, costs and security. Through this study, the major deliverables are to gain understanding of the Town-guide system’s requirements and design through analysis of the market and the existing application in the same market.
Executive Summary
The Town-Guide Android app is intended to help users who are majorly visitors in a city to find locations, services and other products. The major objective of the project is to help people adopt to new places. Though there are various applications in the market with a near same purpose, the design and inclusion of features will allow the Town-Guide app have the desired breakthrough in the market. O understand the design and user requirements, it is essential to gather data on the available similar applications, their features and aspects that their users find challenging.
The study team will conduct a system analysis process where the mobile app developers will identify similar applications in the market. Specifically, the team will identify the application that help international visitors find their directions in the local places (Koutroumanis, 2011). The business analysist will identify all the business requirements of these systems and the way the requirements are implemented.
The analysis of the existing system will take one week where the analyst and the application developers will document the existing systems, issues in the current market and possible solutions or system alternatives that will solve the issues. This major method of analysis of the current system will be through peer reviews on the play store. The researchers will develop a list of questions that will help them go through the application reviews of existing customers. These questions and guidelines include the rating of the current applications, security challenges, application features, and application limitations, design of the application and ease-of-use of the application.
The recommendation of the system analysis is that the system is to integrate several functionalities from other system to enhance efficiency and solve the identified pro ...
BROKE-IMPLEMENT AGILE METHOD OF MOBILE APP DEVELOPMENTijseajournal
The mobile application market has been expanding very rapidly. For successful mobile app development and ensuring app’s visibility, one needs to follow a systematic approach. Currently, all the models are based on two methodologies of mobile app development i.e. Waterfall methodology and Agile Methodology. In agile methodology, the different phases of app development cycle take place in parallel, with a defined pipeline of expected features and requirements. While there are many advantages of parallel development of various modules under the agile theory, the development is fraught with certain challenges. In a case a previous module doesn’t perform as expected, the entire undertaking may be subject to failure. Keeping this weakness in mind, this paper is presenting an idea of broke-implement agile method. This method is especially beneficial from a user’s point of view as it provides them the opportunity to customize the app while development is underway. Thus, it helps make the user comfortable and ensure he/ she is satisfied with the product. Moreover, this method helps user choose only the relevant features thereby translating into cost and time savings.
Complete Guide on How to Build a healthcare app in 2023JoeyNarella
The healthcare industry is an aggregation and integration of sectors within the economic system that provides goods and services to treat patients with curative, preventive, rehabilitative, and palliative care.There is no doubt that the healthcare industry is growing rapidly and is expected to continue doing so in the coming years. This has created a wide range of opportunities for businesses looking to enter the healthcare market.
Complete Guide on How to Build a healthcare app in 2023DanielWong515580
There is no doubt that the healthcare industry is growing rapidly and is expected to continue doing so in the coming years. This has created a wide range of opportunities for businesses looking to enter the healthcare market.
Improve Estimation maturity using Functional Size Measurement and Historical ...Harold van Heeringen
Many software projects still fail in recent years, also agile projects. Improving estimation maturity in order to start with a realistic estimate instead of an optimistic one can really save billions of dollars in most local software industries. The Chinese government may now be moving towards an active software estimation maturity improvement strategy in its new 5-year plan. Functional size measurement and relevant historical data as well as parametric estimation tools are key to such a strategy. This presentation was the key-note speech at the China System and Software Process Improvement Association conference on software estimation, Beijing China, May 27 2016.
Nowadays, as the software industry is slowly becoming more mature, software measurement and performance measurement are becoming increasingly important. Organizations need to know their productivity and competitiveness in software development projects for various reasons. In many software development contracts, targets are set for the suppliers to reach. These targets are based on software metrics like productivity, speed of delivery and software quality. In order to check if the targets are reached, it is necessary to measure the functional size of the software product that is delivered and also the functional size of the software development project that is carried out, as there is usually a difference between these two sizes. To be able to use functional size in contracts, it must be measured in an objective, repeatable, verifiable and therefore defensible way. That being the case, the industry’s best practice is to use an ISO/IEC standard for functional size measurement, e.g. Nesma, COSMIC or IFPUG function points. However, these methods only measure the functional user requirements from the total software requirements to be delivered. In activities like project estimation and productivity measurement, the influence of the non-functional requirements is expressed in the Project Delivery Rate (PDR) which is expressed in effort hours per function point. If more than the average amount of non-functional requirements need to be realized in a project (or more severe non-functional requirements), the PDR used should also be higher. In the industry it is customary to set productivity targets based on an average (or calibrated) influence of non-functional requirements and this works quite fine in traditional software projects. In software development projects that are executed in an agile way, this is not always the case. When working agile, there are forces that influence the traditional way of performance measurement significantly, resulting in a number of serious issues. In this paper these issues are explained and a method to overcome these issues is proposed.
More Related Content
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MOBILE DEVICES ARE PRESENT EVERYWHERE. IT IS INEVITABLE FOR EVERY COMPANY TO IMPLEMENT A COMPREHENSIVE MOBILE STRATEGY. AN APPLICATION DOES NOT ONLY SERVE TO INPUT AND DISPLAY TEXTUAL AND VISUAL INFORMATION.
IT IS IMPORTANT TO BUILD SUCH A KNOWLEDGE BASE BY MEANS OF WHICH WE CAN COLLECT, ANALYSE AND ASSESS MEASURABLE DATA.
This study investigates the importance of the usability of a Mobile First Company (MFC) app. The number of
MFCs is growing rapidly worldwide, and the existence of such companies primarily rely on their apps being used. There
is a broad range of usability literature, however scarce data exists, that describes how app usability contributes to the
success of MFCs. This research uses a case study to empirically extract an initial link between MFC success and the perceived usability of its app. Arabic-System Usability Scale (A-SUS) is employed to evaluate the usability of an MFC app
in Kuwait. The results are used to start collecting data in order to initiate a correlation between MFC success with its app
perceived usability.
Mobile application development processTalentSmart1
Mobile app development is the process of creating software applications for cell phones and other portable devices. These software programs may come pre-installed on hardware or may need to be downloaded and installed by users. Creating software for mobile apps, integrating backend services like data access APIs, and testing the application on target devices are all part of the mobile application development services provided by app development companies.
We employ cutting-edge technologies to create a variety of web and mobile applications. Our experts leverage agile methodologies to provide world-class application development services that are scalable, resilient, and swift while also providing a great customer experience.
The two main mobile app development platforms are IOS from Apple and Android from Google. In contrast to Google Android, which is made available for mobile devices and businesses that meet the requirements for Android software applications, Apple uses its iOS application specifically for its own devices.
Talent Smart is a renowned app development company, offering application development services that aid in the creation of well-designed, user-friendly, and efficient apps in India and USA. At Talent Smart, we have a skilled team that is well-educated in building applications for multiple platforms and B2B organizations.
Abstraction and Automation: A Software Design Approach for Developing Secure ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Town-Guide Android Application
Student Name
Submission Date
Cover Letter
This project involved design and requirements gathering for an Android application called Town-guide application. The following is the list of people who engaged in the requirements gathering and the design study:
The Study Team Members
Name
Organization
Role
Asker Jones
City Guide Inc.
Database administrator
Peter Smith
City Guide Inc.
Mobile App Developer
Miss. Jayne Wang
City Guide Inc.
Requirements analyst
Alex Sigh
City Guide Inc.
System Designer
Study Objectives
The general objective of the study is to introduce a new android application for visitors at the end of next month to help lower their travelling costs by 50% and reduce the time for finding places and services to one minute. The project also aims to help visitors find category of services in a region by one click with details such as directions, ratings, costs and security. Through this study, the major deliverables are to gain understanding of the Town-guide system’s requirements and design through analysis of the market and the existing application in the same market.
Executive Summary
The Town-Guide Android app is intended to help users who are majorly visitors in a city to find locations, services and other products. The major objective of the project is to help people adopt to new places. Though there are various applications in the market with a near same purpose, the design and inclusion of features will allow the Town-Guide app have the desired breakthrough in the market. O understand the design and user requirements, it is essential to gather data on the available similar applications, their features and aspects that their users find challenging.
The study team will conduct a system analysis process where the mobile app developers will identify similar applications in the market. Specifically, the team will identify the application that help international visitors find their directions in the local places (Koutroumanis, 2011). The business analysist will identify all the business requirements of these systems and the way the requirements are implemented.
The analysis of the existing system will take one week where the analyst and the application developers will document the existing systems, issues in the current market and possible solutions or system alternatives that will solve the issues. This major method of analysis of the current system will be through peer reviews on the play store. The researchers will develop a list of questions that will help them go through the application reviews of existing customers. These questions and guidelines include the rating of the current applications, security challenges, application features, and application limitations, design of the application and ease-of-use of the application.
The recommendation of the system analysis is that the system is to integrate several functionalities from other system to enhance efficiency and solve the identified pro ...
BROKE-IMPLEMENT AGILE METHOD OF MOBILE APP DEVELOPMENTijseajournal
The mobile application market has been expanding very rapidly. For successful mobile app development and ensuring app’s visibility, one needs to follow a systematic approach. Currently, all the models are based on two methodologies of mobile app development i.e. Waterfall methodology and Agile Methodology. In agile methodology, the different phases of app development cycle take place in parallel, with a defined pipeline of expected features and requirements. While there are many advantages of parallel development of various modules under the agile theory, the development is fraught with certain challenges. In a case a previous module doesn’t perform as expected, the entire undertaking may be subject to failure. Keeping this weakness in mind, this paper is presenting an idea of broke-implement agile method. This method is especially beneficial from a user’s point of view as it provides them the opportunity to customize the app while development is underway. Thus, it helps make the user comfortable and ensure he/ she is satisfied with the product. Moreover, this method helps user choose only the relevant features thereby translating into cost and time savings.
Complete Guide on How to Build a healthcare app in 2023JoeyNarella
The healthcare industry is an aggregation and integration of sectors within the economic system that provides goods and services to treat patients with curative, preventive, rehabilitative, and palliative care.There is no doubt that the healthcare industry is growing rapidly and is expected to continue doing so in the coming years. This has created a wide range of opportunities for businesses looking to enter the healthcare market.
Complete Guide on How to Build a healthcare app in 2023DanielWong515580
There is no doubt that the healthcare industry is growing rapidly and is expected to continue doing so in the coming years. This has created a wide range of opportunities for businesses looking to enter the healthcare market.
Improve Estimation maturity using Functional Size Measurement and Historical ...Harold van Heeringen
Many software projects still fail in recent years, also agile projects. Improving estimation maturity in order to start with a realistic estimate instead of an optimistic one can really save billions of dollars in most local software industries. The Chinese government may now be moving towards an active software estimation maturity improvement strategy in its new 5-year plan. Functional size measurement and relevant historical data as well as parametric estimation tools are key to such a strategy. This presentation was the key-note speech at the China System and Software Process Improvement Association conference on software estimation, Beijing China, May 27 2016.
Nowadays, as the software industry is slowly becoming more mature, software measurement and performance measurement are becoming increasingly important. Organizations need to know their productivity and competitiveness in software development projects for various reasons. In many software development contracts, targets are set for the suppliers to reach. These targets are based on software metrics like productivity, speed of delivery and software quality. In order to check if the targets are reached, it is necessary to measure the functional size of the software product that is delivered and also the functional size of the software development project that is carried out, as there is usually a difference between these two sizes. To be able to use functional size in contracts, it must be measured in an objective, repeatable, verifiable and therefore defensible way. That being the case, the industry’s best practice is to use an ISO/IEC standard for functional size measurement, e.g. Nesma, COSMIC or IFPUG function points. However, these methods only measure the functional user requirements from the total software requirements to be delivered. In activities like project estimation and productivity measurement, the influence of the non-functional requirements is expressed in the Project Delivery Rate (PDR) which is expressed in effort hours per function point. If more than the average amount of non-functional requirements need to be realized in a project (or more severe non-functional requirements), the PDR used should also be higher. In the industry it is customary to set productivity targets based on an average (or calibrated) influence of non-functional requirements and this works quite fine in traditional software projects. In software development projects that are executed in an agile way, this is not always the case. When working agile, there are forces that influence the traditional way of performance measurement significantly, resulting in a number of serious issues. In this paper these issues are explained and a method to overcome these issues is proposed.
Nowadays, as the software industry is slowly becoming more mature, software measurement and performance measurement are becoming increasingly important. Organizations need to know their productivity and competitiveness in software development projects for various reasons. In many software development contracts, targets are set for the suppliers to reach. These targets are based on software metrics like productivity, speed of delivery and software quality. In order to check if the targets are reached, it is necessary to measure the functional size of the software product that is delivered and also the functional size of the software development project that is carried out, as there is usually a difference between these two sizes. To be able to use functional size in contracts, it must be measured in an objective, repeatable, verifiable and therefore defensible way. That being the case, the industry’s best practice is to use an ISO/IEC standard for functional size measurement, e.g. Nesma, COSMIC or IFPUG function points. However, these methods only measure the functional user requirements from the total software requirements to be delivered. In activities like project estimation and productivity measurement, the influence of the non-functional requirements is expressed in the Project Delivery Rate (PDR) which is expressed in effort hours per function point. If more than the average amount of non-functional requirements need to be realized in a project (or more severe non-functional requirements), the PDR used should also be higher. In the industry it is customary to set productivity targets based on an average (or calibrated) influence of non-functional requirements and this works quite fine in traditional software projects. In software development projects that are executed in an agile way, this is not always the case. When working agile, there are forces that influence the traditional way of performance measurement significantly, resulting in a number of serious issues. In this paper these issues are explained and a method to overcome these issues is proposed.
The importance of benchmarking software projects - Van Heeringen and OgilvieHarold van Heeringen
Benchmarking is a crucial management activity that enables organizations to understand how competitive they are. Using functional size measurement methods and historical data enables organizations to improve their processes and become more succesful.
Avoid software project horror stories - check the reality value of the estima...Harold van Heeringen
Many large software projects turn into software horror stories, resulting in newspaper headlines and even political issues. Often, the project costs and schedule were estimated unrealistically optimistic, using immature estimation techniques. A relatively simple way to avoid many problems is to perform a reality check on the estimate. This presentation was given on the conference of the International Cost Estimating and Analysis Association (ICEAA2014), June 2014 (Denver, USA)
ISMA 9 - van Heeringen - Using IFPUG and ISBSG to improve organization successHarold van Heeringen
Introduction to the International Software Benchmarking Standards Group and 3 cases in which function points together with ISBSG data really resulted in business value:
- Reality check of an estimate made by experts
- Assessing the competitive position of a department
- Selecting a single software supplier
This presentation shows why it is important to benchmark the performance of software projects and organizations. Measurement of performance and comparing this to relevant peer groups provides the knowledge and understanding for managemenr to make informed decisions on where the organization stands and where it should go. This presentation was given at the Italian GUFPI-ISMA conference (December 2013) and addressed also the way the Italian industry is performing according to the ISBSG Country Analysis report.
Using the ISBSG data to improve your organization success - van Heeringen (Me...Harold van Heeringen
This presentation gives an introduction into the ISBSG organization and shows how the ISBSG products and data can help the software industry to become more mature. Three cases from personal experience are showed: a reality check of an expert estimate (that turned out to be optimistic), the analysis of the outgoing bids of a software supplier and the measurement of the performance of a single supplier, providing target productivity levels they should reach.
DevOps and metrics presentation, co-presentation by Dave van Herpen and Harold van Heeringen (both Sogeti Nederland B.V.). The key message of the presentation is the fact that metrics are important in DevOps environments and that it is important to do a thorough analysis of which metrics are important to collect and for which reasons.
In many organizations, bottom up estimation of software development projects is still the way to go. Management feels that top-down (parametric) estimation models require too much effort and cost. In this presentation, a random selection of 10 bids are analyzed and the bottom-up estimates and top-down estimates are compared with regard to accuracy and effort spend.
In many organizations, bottom up estimation of software development projects is still the way to go. Management feels that top-down (parametric) estimation models require too much effort and cost. In this paper, a random selection of 10 bids are analyzed and the bottom-up estimates and top-down estimates are compared with regard to accuracy and effort spend.
When clients outsource their software development projects, they need to make sure that these suppliers don't overprice the projects. As it is often not longer possible to select the best offer, there should be another mechanism to measure the value that they are getting in comparison to the money they are paying. Supplier Performance Measurement enables clients to keep in control of theis project costs in outsourcing situations and to negotiate performance improvements with the suppliers.
Project Control using functional size - which method to use?Harold van Heeringen
Project Control is one of the most difficult tasks of a project manager. To assess whether a project is still on track is very difficult because the team members often report overconfident status reports. Using functional size and specialized tooling, like QSM Control or SEER PPMC, helps the project manager to get a real good understanding of the status of the project. These tools produce accurate forecasts and offer the possibility to do what-if analysis in order to select the best way to get a project back on track. In this presentation, it is examined which method would produce the best results, NESMA or IFPUG FPA or COSMIC FPA.
Metrics based software supplier selection - Best practice used in the largest...Harold van Heeringen
Abstract—This article provides insight into a ‘best practice’ used for the selection of software suppliers at the largest Dutch telecom operator, KPN[1]. It explains the metrics rationale applied by KPN when selecting only one preferred supplier (system integrator) per domain instead of the various suppliers that were previously active in each domain. Presently (Q2 2012) the selection and contracting process is entering its final phase. In this paper, the model that was built and used to assess the productivity of the various suppliers and the results of the supplier selection process are discussed. In addition, a number of lessons learned and recommendations are shared.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
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Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
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Van Heeringen and van Gorp - Measure the functional size of a mobile app using the COSMIC FSMM
1. Measure the functional size of a mobile app
Using the COSMIC functional size measurement method
Harold van Heeringen
Sizing Estimating and Control
Sogeti Nederland B.V.
Vianen, the Netherlands
harold.van.heeringen@sogeti.nl
Edwin van Gorp
Sizing Estimating and Control
Sogeti Nederland B.V.
Vianen, the Netherlands
edwin.van.gorp@sogeti.nl
Abstract— this paper describes a way the COSMIC [1]
measurement method could be applied to measure the functional
size of mobile apps. Mobile apps are a fairly new type of software
applications that are installed on mobile devices, usually a
smartphone or a tablet. There are some important differences
between traditional software applications and mobile apps, and
these differences are the reason that a measurer has to make a
number of assumptions and choices when doing the
measurement. In this paper, these assumptions and choices are
explained and the authors propose a way future COSMIC
measurements of mobile apps could be carried out. In addition,
an ‘approximate’ method is proposed that can be used to size
mobile apps in a fast and accurate way.
Keywords; Mobile apps; COSMIC; Functional size;
Approximate Method; Measurement.
I. INTRODUCTION
The IT industry changes rapidly and new types of
hardware, software architectures and applications emerge in a
rapid pace. Software development companies face the fact that
they need to adapt, in order to be able to deliver new types of
software development projects. They need to have the right
people (knowledge and skills) in their organization to adapt to
the new world, but also they need to stay competitive and try to
limit their risk when it comes to quoting for projects. Software
estimation, based on functional size, remains an important
activity, also in the ‘new world’ of software development.
This paper is about measuring the functional size of one of
these rather new types of software applications, the mobile app
[2]. Probably everybody in the modern world knows what a
mobile app is nowadays, but for those who have no clue, a
short explanation is given in the next section.
II. MOBILE APPS
Mobile apps are applications that can be installed on a
mobile device, like a tablet or a smartphone, and usually these
apps are connected to the internet through Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or
a cellular mobile data connection. Apps can be downloaded
and installed from an app store. There are two main app stores
available, the iOS app store for Apple devices [3], like the
iPhone and iPad, and the Google Play android app store [4].
Both app stores have more than 800,000 apps available for
download. A lot of these apps can be downloaded for free,
others can be bought for a (usually small) fee. There are many
different kind of mobile apps available, e.g. games, mobile
banking apps, weather apps, traffic apps, social media apps, et
cetera. Most apps connect the user real-time with the outside
world, where the user can find up-to-date information about
almost everything.
Apps integrate software with the use of hardware, like the
GPS sensor that enables the mobile device to exactly pinpoint
the location of the device on the globe. Another characteristic
of mobile apps is that they are usually controlled through a
‘touch screen’ user interface, where the user controls the
functionality of the app through touching the screen, tapping
visible controls and pinching text to make it larger or smaller.
The newest trend is the one of company proprietary apps
that can be downloaded from a company internal app store,
only by employees of that company. An example could be an
app that shows new messages on the intranet in an app on a
mobile device, or an app that shows the daily specials of the
company restaurant to the employees.
III. WHY ARE MOBILE APPS DIFFERENT?
Although Mobile apps could be regarded as a modern type
of a client-server architecture, they seem to be different from
traditional applications, because of a number of reasons, a few
of them being:
- The user can interact with the apps in more ways than in
traditional applications. For instance, the app can react
to changing the position (toggling) of the mobile device,
to shaking the mobile device and some apps can accept
voice messages (e.g. Siri [5]);
- Some apps behave to real-time events as well, like
moving of the mobile device, switching from Wi-Fi to
cellular and back or when the network is out of reach.
- Some of the data the app is using is stored on the mobile
device, and some may be in the cloud or on a back-end
system. The exact architecture may be very different for
each app;
- Apps must have functionality that handle interruptions,
like an incoming call.;
2. - There are usually important non-functional
requirements to which an app should comply, e.g.
security, performance, minimum data traffic, space
occupied on the device and consumption of battery
power.
There is a publication available that covers the functional
size measurement of mobile apps using the IFPUG [6] method,
published in the IFPUG guide to IT and Software Measurement
[7]. This paper focuses on the way a functional size
measurement can be carried out using the COSMIC method
and proposes an approximate method of sizing mobile apps in a
fast and accurate way.
IV. APPROXIMATE METHOD
Sogeti has developed an approximate COSMIC method to
determine the functional size of a mobile app quickly yet
accurately. This method is described in this section.
Basic assumptions
The approximate method to measure the functional size of
mobile apps is based on the COSMIC method. The following
additional and/or explicit basic assumptions also apply to this
method:
- A mobile app is considered to be an application layer
that is developed on top of one or more data layers (see
document [1], section 2.2.4). Whether such a data layer
is physically stored on the mobile device or on a central
server (or in a combination thereof) has no relevance to
the measurement;
- Logically, no persistent data is stored in the application
layer. Storing data on the mobile device to reduce data
traffic or to make it possible to work with the app when
no network connection is available is considered to be a
technical solution. As a result of this only Entry and
Exit data movements are identified when applying this
method;
- Within a mobile app, functional processes can use
certain process data that is spontaneously present, e.g.
system date and -time, the current GPS location, etc.
(see document [1], section 4.1.2, Entry rule C);
- Mobile apps are considered to be business applications.
Therefore one Exit data movement should be identified
for all application error messages in any one functional
process (see document [8], section 4.4.7);
- Because application error message can come from the
data layer, one Entry data movement should be
identified for all application error messages in any one
functional process as well (see document [9], section
3.2).
A. Measurement Strategy
The measurement strategy phase for this approximate
method does not differ, in principle, from the ‘standard’
measurement strategy phase of the COSMIC functional size
measurement method. For this approximate method, it is also
necessary to consider the purpose and scope of the
measurement and to identify the functional users and the level
of granularity that should be measured, as described in chapter
2 of document [1]. It is important however to carry out this
phase with the basic assumptions as described above in mind.
B. Mapping phase
The mapping phase for this approximate method does not
differ, in principle, from the ‘standard’ mapping phase of the
COSMIC functional size measurement method. For this
approximate method, it is also necessary to identify the set of
functional processes of the piece of software to be measured
and the objects of interest and the data groups referenced by the
piece of software to be measured, as described in chapter 3 of
document [1]. It is important however to carry out this phase
with the basic assumptions as described above in mind.
C. Measurement phase
The measurement phase of this approximate method
consists of two steps:
1. Identifying the type of each functional process;
2. Quantifying the parameters involved for the identified
type of functional process.
Step 1: Identifying the type of each functional process
This step is carried out by looking at the primary intent of
the functional processes that are identified in the mapping
phase. Each functional process can be characterized by its
primary intent to be of one of the following types:
- View functionality: the primary intent of this type of
functional process is to present data to at least one of the
functional users;
- Data manipulation: the primary intent of this type of
functional process is to add information to, change
information in or delete information from the persistent
data storage;
- Enquiry functionality: in section 4.1.5 of document [8]
it is explained that a FUR to update or delete persistent
data requires two separate functional processes. One for
the actual update/deletion (a functional process for data
manipulation as described above) and one which reads
and displays the data that needs to be updated/deleted.
This second functional process is characterized as an
enquiry functional process;
- User supporting functionality: this type of functional
process can be described as a function showing a list
from which a user can make a selection (e.g., a selection
screen, pick function, pick list, list box, or pop-up
function). When this type of functionality is available
on a screen but the user is not obliged to use it (in other
words: the user can fill all fields on the screen without
using this functionality), than this type of functionality
should be regarded as a separate functional process.
When the user chooses to use the non-mandatory
selection screen, he actually triggers a new functional
process. And this functional process is characterized as
user supporting functionality. Note: if the selection
3. screen is the only way to fill the corresponding field,
than the usage of the screen is mandatory and therefore
part of the data manipulation functional process in
which it is offered;
- Special functionality: there are some special types of
functionality in addition to the abovementioned generic
types that need to be distinguished for this approximate
method. These types are:
o Dynamically generated menus
o Log in and log out functionality
o Help functionality
o Invoking external functionality
Step 2: Quantifying the parameters involved for the identified
type of functional process
When all functional processes are characterized, the
parameters involved for each functional process need to be
quantified in order to find the (approximate) functional size of
the mobile app.
2a: View functionality
A basic view functional process has a value of 6 CFP:
E Start entry
X Question for information to the data layer
E Receiving data
E Receiving application error messages
X Show data
X Show application error messages
- The basic process includes the viewing of data attributes
that belong to a data group of one object of interest.
They are obtained en received from the data layer and
displayed to the functional user.
- The ability to change the view of the displayed data
(e.g. by filtering or sorting the data) does not lead to the
identification of additional data movements. This
merely involves the so-called control commands (see
section 4.1.10 of document [1]).
A basic view functional process displays data to the user.
For each additional data group that is displayed, the size of
the functional process is increased with 2 CFPs:
E Receiving data
X Show data
- For each additional data group that can be viewed
within the same functional process, 2 additional data
movements are identified. One data movement for
receiving the data from the data layer and one data
movement for presenting the data to the functional user.
A separate data movement for the question for
information to the data layer is not necessary, the
question for information has the same data attributes no
matter how many data groups are eventually involved.
- An additional data group is displayed when:
o A different object of interest is queried or
o The same object of interest is queried but for a
different set of data attributes. This occurs for
example when view functionality is used, by
persons with different authorization profiles,
wherein dependent on the profile different data
attributes are shown.
- No additional data group is identified when a functional
process offers several display options to present
different sets of data attributes of the same object of
interest to one and the same user, where this user can
switch between the display options by pressing (scroll)
buttons, selecting different tabs or tilting the mobile
device.
Example: when a functional process shows transactional
data in a list (in portrait mode) and offers the user the
possibility to view more attributes of the same object of
interest by tilting the mobile device, this still concerns
viewing the same data group.
4. This functional process displays a transaction overview. When tilting
the mobile device, more data attributes are shown. This is considered
as displaying a single data group as tilting the device is considered as
a control command.
For each data group that shows calculated or derived data,
the size of the functional process is increased with 1 CFP:
X Show data
- If a data group is shown that comprises of calculated
and/or determined data, one additional data movement
is identified. A (sub)total under a list of retrieved data is
a good example here.
Summary: for each functional process with the primary
intent to present data to at least one of the functional users, the
functional size is found using this formula:
4 + (2 * number of data groups derived from the data layer)
+ (1 * number of data groups with calculated and/or
determined data)
2b: Data manipulation functionality
A basic data manipulation functional process has a value of
4 CFP:
E Start entry
X Providing information to the data layer
E Receiving application error messages
X Show application error messages
- The basic process includes adding data attributes to,
changing data attributes in of deleting data attributes
belonging to a data group of one object of interest. The
data attributes involved are provided to the data layer,
which takes care of processing them.
For each additional data group that is manipulated, the size
of the functional process is increased with 2 CFPs:
E Entering data
X Providing information to the data layer
- For each additional group of data attributes that can be
manipulated within the same functional process, two
additional data movements are identified. One data
movement for entering the data by the user and one data
movement for providing the data to the data layer;
- An additional data group is manipulated when:
o A different object of interest is manipulated or
o The same object of interest is manipulated but
the set of data attributes which is manipulated
differs from another set of data attributes from
the same object of interest that is manipulated
within the same functional process. This
occurs for example when data manipulation
functionality is used, by persons with different
authorization profiles, wherein dependent on
the profile different data attributes can be
manipulated.
- It is recognized that it is not a regularity that for every
manipulated data group both an Entry and an Exit data
movement will always exist. For this approximate
method it is however assumed that this is the case;
- It goes without saying that for functionality to delete
data, it is impossible to identify two data groups of the
same object of interest within one functional process.
For each data group that is shown to the user within the
manipulation process, the size of the functional process is
increased with 3 CFPs:
X Question for information to the data layer
E Receiving data
X Show data
-
- If additional data is displayed during the data
manipulation process, based on the data that is entered,
than additional data movements need to be identified for
asking for, receiving and displaying the data.
Example: during the addition of an address, the name of
the street and the town are shown, based on the postal
code and house number that are entered, this concerns
viewing the object of interest postal code data within the
process of adding the address.
- If mandatory user supporting functionality (a selection
screen, pick function, pick list, list box, or pop-up
function) is offered to the user within the data
manipulation process, this should also be considered as
displaying additional data. For non-mandatory user
supporting functionality, a different type of functional
process is distinguished.
5. If using a pick list like the one above is considered as a separate
functional process or as part of the data manipulation functional
process in which the pick list is invoked, depends on whether the usage
of the pick list is mandatory or not.
For each validation for which referential data is needed, the
size of the functional process is increased with 2 CFPs:
X Question for information to the data layer
E Receiving data
-
- If a particular data validation is explicitly described in
the functional documentation of the mobile app and for
that validation referential data is needed from the data
layer (i.e. the referential data consists of data attributes
of an identified object of interest), two additional data
movements need to be identified (one for the question
for information and one for receiving the data);
- If the validation is executed by the data layer, the same
functional size is applicable. In that case, there is one
data movement for asking for a validation and one data
movement is for receiving the result.
Summary: for each functional process with the primary
intent to manipulate data, the functional size is found using this
formula:
2 + (2 * number of data groups that are manipulated) + (3 *
number of displayed data groups) + (2 * number of validation
with referential data)
2c: Enquiry functionality
Enquiry functionality is identical to view functionality.
Everything that is described in section 2a also applies to
enquiry functionality.
2d: User supporting functionality (non-mandatory)
User supporting functionality, which the user is not
required to use, is identical to view functionality. Everything
that is described in section 2a also applies to non-mandatory
user supporting functionality.
2f: Special functionality - Dynamically generated menus
Main and/or sub menus that are generated dynamically
(based on authorizations (login status and/or user roles) or
based on data attributes associated with an object of interest)
are identical to view functionality. Everything that is described
in section 2a also applies to dynamically generated menus.
A menu is not dynamically generated when it looks exactly
the same under every conceivable circumstance. In this case,
all the menu items are always displayed in the same way, and
any authorization limitations are checked only after a menu
option is selected by the user. If a menu can be displayed
differently based on authorizations or data attributes associated
with an object of interest, than the menu should be considered
as view functionality that displays the authorization options to
the user.
A dynamically generated menu. The 5 options can be either shown in
colour or greyscale, depending on the authorization level of the user.
2g: Special functionality - Log in and log out functionality
A log in functional process always has a value of 5 CFP:
E Start entry
X Providing credentials to the data layer
E Receiving log status
E Receiving application error messages
X Show application error messages
- When a user logs in, log in credentials (usually
username and password) are entered to be verified. This
verification is done by or against data from the data
layer, so the credentials are provided to the data layer.
The data layer passes the log status (logged in or not
logged in, a possible role etc.) back to the app. This
status is not explicitly shown to the user, it is or can be
part of the application error messages data movements.
- The log status is considered to be process data that is
spontaneously present in all other functional processes
of the app.
- A log in functional process is only included in the
functional size measurement when it is explicitly
6. described in the functional documentation of the app
and when it was or needs to be developed especially for
the app.
A basic log out functional process has a value of 2 CFP:
E Start entry
X Show application error messages
- When a user logs out, only the process item log status is
changed. Therefore, no data moves across the boundary
of the mobile app layer, except for the start entry
(representing the triggering event for logging out) and
possible application error messages.
- A log out functional process is only included in the
functional size measurement when it is explicitly
described in the functional documentation of the app
and when it was or needs to be developed especially for
the app.
When logging out is recorded in the data layer 2 additional
CFPs need to be identified:
X Providing credentials to the data layer
E Receiving application error messages
- If an explicit functional reason is described why logging
out must be recorded in the data layer (e.g. when there
is a FUR (in the app or in a back office application) for
an overview of users that used the app), 2 additional
CFPs need to be identified.
2h: Special functionality - Help functionality
According to section 4.4.6 of document [8], a functional
process needs to be identified for any type of help functionality
that is present in the app. Such a functional process is identical
to view functionality. Everything that is described in section 2a
also applies to help functionality.
Help functionalities are of the same type if they can be
regarded as different occurrences of the same output-type.
This help function has four occurrences of the same output-type. One
help function should be identified for the functional size measurement.
Given the above, the appearance of a help function is
irrelevant for the measurement. This also means that if a help
function is implemented differently, still everything that is
described in section 2a applies for this functionality (e.g. help
texts can be stored as documents and opened in an application
associated with the document type once the user wants to read
the help text from within the app. This is much alike invoking
external functionality (see 2i) but because it ultimately is an
implementation of help functionality, it needs to be measured
as being such. Only when (help) text, which is implemented in
such a way, can be used from within more than one app or
application, this should be considered as invoking external
functionality. As long as the text exclusively belongs to the app
being measured, it must be identified as help functionality.
2i: Special functionality - Invoking external functionality
It is not unusual that external functionality is invoked from
within a mobile app. This external functionality may be another
app, a web page in a browser or a document in an external
application (other than in the sense of help functionality, see
2h) or otherwise. Also, when an app on a smartphone calls a
certain telephone number as a result of clicking an option
within an app, this is considered as invoking external
functionality.
Invoking such functionality is considered as the start entry
(triggering event) of a functional process that is outside the
scope of the app being measured. And therefore, no CFPs are
awarded for such functionality.
D. Epilogue
The approximate method, as described above, is based on
the COSMIC Functional size measurement method. It, above
all, is intended as guidelines on how to apply the ‘standard’
COSMIC method quickly yet correctly when measuring mobile
apps. In case of doubt and uncertainty all that is written about
the application of the method by the Common Software
Measurement International Consortium is a directive.
V. REFERENCES
[1] Common Software International Measurement Consortium, The
COSMIC Functional Size Measurement Method, version 3.0.1,
Measurement Manual (The COSMIC Implementation Guide for
ISO/IEC 19761: 2003), May 2009, http://www.cosmicon.com
[2] Mobile apps, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_app
[3] iOS app store (Apple), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/App_Store_(iOS)
[4] Google Play (formerly known as the Android app market)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Play
[5] Siri personal assistant app, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siri_(software)
[6] IFPUG, International Function Point User Group. Function Point
Counting Practises Manual. 4.3. 2009. http://www.ifpug.org
[7] The IFPUG Guide to IT and Software Measurement, CRC press, 2012,
ISBN 978-1-4398-6930-7
[8] Common Software International Measurement Consortium, The
COSMIC Functional Size Measurement Method, version 3.0, Guideline
for Sizing Business Application Software, version 1.1, May 2009,
http://www.cosmicon.com
[9] Common Software International Measurement Consortium, The
COSMIC Functional Size Measurement Method, version 3.0.1,
Guideline for Sizing Service-Oriented Architecture Software, version
1.0, April 2010, http://www.cosmicon.com