This patent is for a fireplace water heater that uses a network of tubular members to maximize the surface area exposed to heat from the fireplace. It has a lower header along the rear and side walls of the fireplace to define an open area for the fire. An upper header extends along the top wall near the flue. Upright boiler pipes connect the lower and upper headers, with some pipes extending vertically and others diagonally to improve heat transfer. This configuration allows for an open fire area while providing a large heat exchange surface to heat water circulating through the system.
This document describes British patent GB785438 (A) for improvements in heat exchangers. It discloses a rotary regenerative heat exchanger with an annular matrix containing radially arranged, sector-shaped ducts. Heat transfer elements extend diagonally across each duct and are located behind enlarged sealing flanges at the duct ends to maximize cross-sectional flow area. The radial duct walls and complementary sealing members provide maximum sealing area between the drum faces without decreasing fluid flow area.
This patent document describes a combustion process for internal combustion engines that features:
1) A subdivided combustion chamber, such as a pre-combustion chamber or turbulence chamber.
2) Combustion air is caused to rotate in the chamber and fuel is injected into the rotating air.
3) The temperature of the chamber wall is automatically controlled based on engine operating conditions to optimize combustion.
1) The document describes a combustion process for internal combustion engines that involves subdividing the combustion space. It involves causing combustion air to rotate in the subdivided chamber, injecting fuel into the rotating air, and automatically controlling the temperature of the chamber wall based on engine operating conditions.
2) Key features include tangential transfer ducts that impart rotation to the air in the chamber, and a heating element like a resistance wire around the chamber to control its wall temperature. This helps ensure uniform combustion conditions.
3) The process can be used with pre-combustion chambers or turbulence chambers, and provides benefits like improved fuel combustion, power output, and emissions. It allows optimizing the interaction of factors like
This patent document describes a combustion process for internal combustion engines that features:
1) A subdivided combustion chamber, such as a pre-combustion chamber or turbulence chamber.
2) Combustion air is caused to rotate in the chamber and fuel is injected into the rotating air.
3) The temperature of the chamber wall is automatically controlled based on engine operating conditions to optimize combustion.
This patent document describes a combustion process for internal combustion engines that features:
1) A subdivided combustion chamber, such as a pre-combustion chamber or turbulence chamber.
2) Combustion air is caused to rotate in the chamber and fuel is injected into the rotating air.
3) The temperature of the chamber wall is automatically controlled based on engine operating conditions to optimize combustion.
This document lists equipment for an ammonia plant, organized into classes. It includes furnaces, heat exchangers, reactors, towers, drums, pumps, compressors, buildings, specialty equipment, electrical systems, instruments, and utilities. Over 100 items are described, ranging from the primary reformer and waste heat boilers to instrumentation, switchgear, and a deaerator.
The document provides a detailed yet simplified explanation of the internals of a synthesis converter. It describes the main components, including the low pressure shell, two basket assemblies containing catalyst that allow radial gas flow, and two heat exchangers. Diagrams are provided to illustrate how the warm shot gas, cold shot gas, and product gases flow through the system, with the heat exchangers preheating the incoming gases and cooling the outgoing gases. The goal is to clearly explain the complex design to engineers and professionals working in the field.
1) The HVAC system for a retrofit of 70-year-old aircraft hangars was originally planned to use rooftop units and overhead ductwork but an underfloor air system was chosen instead.
2) The underfloor system avoided costs associated with leveling the uneven concrete floors and allowed flexible zoning without exposed ductwork.
3) All mechanical equipment was located inside corner towers of the buildings, preserving the historic appearance while controlling noise and views.
4) The underfloor air system provided energy savings through higher supply air temperatures allowing "free cooling", lower fan power consumption, and improved temperature control with open windows.
This document describes British patent GB785438 (A) for improvements in heat exchangers. It discloses a rotary regenerative heat exchanger with an annular matrix containing radially arranged, sector-shaped ducts. Heat transfer elements extend diagonally across each duct and are located behind enlarged sealing flanges at the duct ends to maximize cross-sectional flow area. The radial duct walls and complementary sealing members provide maximum sealing area between the drum faces without decreasing fluid flow area.
This patent document describes a combustion process for internal combustion engines that features:
1) A subdivided combustion chamber, such as a pre-combustion chamber or turbulence chamber.
2) Combustion air is caused to rotate in the chamber and fuel is injected into the rotating air.
3) The temperature of the chamber wall is automatically controlled based on engine operating conditions to optimize combustion.
1) The document describes a combustion process for internal combustion engines that involves subdividing the combustion space. It involves causing combustion air to rotate in the subdivided chamber, injecting fuel into the rotating air, and automatically controlling the temperature of the chamber wall based on engine operating conditions.
2) Key features include tangential transfer ducts that impart rotation to the air in the chamber, and a heating element like a resistance wire around the chamber to control its wall temperature. This helps ensure uniform combustion conditions.
3) The process can be used with pre-combustion chambers or turbulence chambers, and provides benefits like improved fuel combustion, power output, and emissions. It allows optimizing the interaction of factors like
This patent document describes a combustion process for internal combustion engines that features:
1) A subdivided combustion chamber, such as a pre-combustion chamber or turbulence chamber.
2) Combustion air is caused to rotate in the chamber and fuel is injected into the rotating air.
3) The temperature of the chamber wall is automatically controlled based on engine operating conditions to optimize combustion.
This patent document describes a combustion process for internal combustion engines that features:
1) A subdivided combustion chamber, such as a pre-combustion chamber or turbulence chamber.
2) Combustion air is caused to rotate in the chamber and fuel is injected into the rotating air.
3) The temperature of the chamber wall is automatically controlled based on engine operating conditions to optimize combustion.
This document lists equipment for an ammonia plant, organized into classes. It includes furnaces, heat exchangers, reactors, towers, drums, pumps, compressors, buildings, specialty equipment, electrical systems, instruments, and utilities. Over 100 items are described, ranging from the primary reformer and waste heat boilers to instrumentation, switchgear, and a deaerator.
The document provides a detailed yet simplified explanation of the internals of a synthesis converter. It describes the main components, including the low pressure shell, two basket assemblies containing catalyst that allow radial gas flow, and two heat exchangers. Diagrams are provided to illustrate how the warm shot gas, cold shot gas, and product gases flow through the system, with the heat exchangers preheating the incoming gases and cooling the outgoing gases. The goal is to clearly explain the complex design to engineers and professionals working in the field.
1) The HVAC system for a retrofit of 70-year-old aircraft hangars was originally planned to use rooftop units and overhead ductwork but an underfloor air system was chosen instead.
2) The underfloor system avoided costs associated with leveling the uneven concrete floors and allowed flexible zoning without exposed ductwork.
3) All mechanical equipment was located inside corner towers of the buildings, preserving the historic appearance while controlling noise and views.
4) The underfloor air system provided energy savings through higher supply air temperatures allowing "free cooling", lower fan power consumption, and improved temperature control with open windows.
This document summarizes a patent for a nuclear reactor plant that involves constructing the reactor vessel with a comparatively small thickness and inserting it into a space formed in rock. This allows the rock to take up pressure stresses on the reactor vessel walls, bottom, and top. The reactor vessel is located freely within the rock space, with the rock surface sealed by a sheet lining. The interstice between the lining and vessel is filled with a pressure-transmitting material like water.
This document describes improvements to a carbonating apparatus for producing carbonated water. It details two designs for the apparatus. The first design wraps water and refrigerant pipes in helical coils around a carbonating chamber, with the pipes bonded together and to the chamber wall. This allows both pre-cooling of water and cooling of the chamber. The second design alternates coils of the water and refrigerant pipes around the chamber, with the coils bonded together and to the chamber wall. The first design is preferred for improved heat transfer efficiency. The goal is to economize on refrigeration and reduce operating pressures through efficient cooling of both water and chamber.
This document describes improvements to a carbonating apparatus for producing aerated water. It details a conventional carbonator design and issues with maintaining proper carbonation levels and water temperature. The invention aims to address these issues by wrapping the carbonating chamber in helical coils of pipes, with one pipe carrying water and the other a refrigerant. This design cools the chamber directly to maintain carbonation levels while reducing operating pressures and refrigeration needs.
The document describes the key systems of a boiler, including the water and steam system, air/furnace/flue gas system, fuel system, ash system, and utility systems. It provides details on components like the deaerator, boiler feedwater pump, steam drum, superheater, furnace, sootblower, electrostatic precipitator, induced draft fan, and related conveyors, valves, transmitters and more.
This document provides information about cooling towers, including:
1. Cooling towers reduce water temperature by bringing water and air into direct contact, with some water evaporating to cool the rest.
2. Key components include fill materials to maximize contact between water and air, nozzles to distribute water, and fans to pull air through.
3. Cooling tower performance is evaluated based on parameters like range, approach, and efficiency. Opportunities to improve energy efficiency include selecting an appropriately sized tower, optimizing fill materials and water distribution, and improving fans and pumps.
4. Materials used in cooling towers have evolved over time for factors like corrosion resistance and include galvanized steel, plastics, fiberglass,
A simple vertical boiler has a cylindrical shell surrounding a firebox and produces low pressure steam in small quantities, making it suitable for low power generation or spaces with limited area. It has fewer parts, resulting in lower initial and maintenance costs, and a simple design that is easy to install and replace. However, steam production is limited by its design and heat efficiency is reduced due to the small boiler tubes.
This document describes a spray booth patent from 1957. Key features include:
1) The spray booth uses exhausted ventilation air to pneumatically convey water droplets from the bottom basin to retainers in an exhaust duct above overflow devices, allowing the water to flow back by gravity.
2) This eliminates the need for a circulation pump and reduces clogging from paint in the water compared to pump circulation.
3) The spray booth operates by exhausting air through the operating chamber, which pulls water droplets up from the bottom basin to collectors above before exiting through the exhaust duct.
The document discusses different types of steam boilers. It begins by defining a boiler as a closed vessel for generating steam according to Indian law. It then lists uses of steam such as powering engines and turbines. The document goes on to describe key components of boilers like shells, combustion chambers, and mountings. It classifies boilers based on features like tube content, furnace position, and circulation method. Specific boiler types discussed include simple vertical, Cochran, Lancashire, locomotive, Babcock and Wilcox, La-Mont, and Benson boilers. Each type is summarized with a diagram and key features.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Study of Boilers for Mechanical EngineeringAbdullahKafi18
The document discusses steam generators and their components. It describes the primary functions of steam generators as generating steam under pressure while ensuring high purity steam and maintaining steam temperature over a range of loads. It also discusses circulation in drum-type boilers via natural circulation and forced circulation in high-pressure boilers. Key components of steam generators discussed include the furnace, water and steam circuits, and various accessories like economizers, superheaters, and separators.
Construction of babcock and wilcox boilerAQIB_HAIDER
The Babcock and Wilcox boiler consists of a steam and water drum, water tubes, uptake header, grate, furnace, baffles, superheater, mud box, inspection doors, and damper. Coal is burned on the grate, heating the water tubes and producing steam. The steam rises into the drum while water descends back into the tubes, creating a circulation. Key advantages include high efficiency, replaceable tubes, and accessibility for inspection during operation.
Contains:
History, Specifications Of Boiler, Characteristics of boiler, construction and working, Salient features of boiler, Advantages and disadvantages, video
The document describes a 1957 patent (GB786089 A) for improvements to carbon black furnaces and methods of constructing them. It involves constructing the furnaces from precast refractory sections that are assembled inside metal shells. Individual sections can be readily removed for repair or replacement without disturbing the rest of the furnace. This allows localized faults to be addressed without needing to replace the entire furnace.
The document discusses different types of steam generators or boilers. It begins with an introduction to boilers, then describes how boilers are classified. It provides details on the key differences between fire-tube and water-tube boilers, including their construction, operation, applications and advantages/disadvantages. The document also discusses boiler terms, selection criteria for boilers, essential characteristics of good boilers, and provides details on specific types of fire-tube and water-tube boilers.
This document discusses fire-tube boilers and water-tube boilers. It begins by explaining that steam generators produce steam at desired rates and pressures by burning fuel in a furnace. It then describes that fire-tube boilers have combustion gases pass through tubes surrounded by water, while water-tube boilers have water pass through tubes with combustion gases on the outside. Key differences are that fire-tube boilers can only produce saturated steam up to 18 bars pressure, while water-tube boilers can reach much higher pressures and produce drier steam.
This document provides information about high pressure boilers used in modern steam power plants. It discusses the key features of high pressure boilers such as forced water circulation, small diameter tubes, and higher steam pressures and temperatures. It also outlines several types of high pressure boilers including La Mont, Benson, and Loeffler boilers. Additionally, it describes important boiler mountings like safety valves, water level indicators, and pressure gauges as well as accessories that improve efficiency like economizers, superheaters, and feed pumps.
This document provides information on different types of steam boilers. It begins with introducing key components of steam boilers such as the boiler shell, combustion chamber, grate, furnace, heating surface, mountings, and accessories. It then describes several specific boiler designs including a simple vertical boiler, Cochran boiler, scotch marine boiler, Lancashire boiler, Cornish boiler, locomotive boiler, and Babcock and Wilcox boiler. Each boiler type is summarized with a diagram and description of its key features and components. The document provides technical details on how different boiler designs generate and circulate steam for various industrial applications.
This document provides information on different types of steam boilers. It begins with introducing key components of steam boilers such as the boiler shell, combustion chamber, grate, furnace, heating surface, mountings, and accessories. It then describes several specific boiler designs including a simple vertical boiler, Cochran boiler, scotch marine boiler, Lancashire boiler, Cornish boiler, locomotive boiler, and Babcock and Wilcox boiler. Each boiler type is summarized with a diagram and description of its key features and components. The document provides technical details on how different boiler designs generate and circulate steam for various industrial applications.
This manual covers the basic guidelines and minimum requirements for
periodic inspection of heat exchangers used in petroleum refinery.
Locations to be inspected, inspection tools, frequency of inspection &
testing, locations prone to deterioration and causes, corrosion
mitigation, inspection and testing procedures have been specified in
the manual.
Documentation of observations & history of heat exchangers,
inspection checklist and recommended practices have also been
included.
Heat exchanging equipment is used for heating or cooling a fluid.
Individual heat transfer equipment is named as per its function.
Cooler
A cooler cools the process fluid, using water or air, with no change of
phase.
Chiller
A chiller uses a refrigerant to cool process fluid to a temperature below
that obtainable with water.
Condenser
A condenser condenses a vapour or mixture of vapours using water or
air.
Exchanger
An exchanger performs two functions in that it heats a cold process
fluid by recovering heat from a hot fluid, which it cools. None of the
transferred heat is lost.
Firetube and watertube boilers are the two main types of conventional steam boilers. In a firetube boiler, hot gases from the furnace flow through tubes surrounded by water. Watertube boilers have water inside tubes and hot gases circulating outside. Watertube boilers produce more and hotter steam and are used in power plants, ships, and factories. Common watertube designs include longitudinal drum, cross drum, and bent tube boilers which use natural water circulation. Firetube boilers have combustion inside tubes within a larger vessel containing water. Common designs are dryback and wetback boilers, with wetback being more efficient. Selection of boiler type depends on factors like required pressure, capacity, and
This document summarizes a patent for a nuclear reactor plant that involves constructing the reactor vessel with a comparatively small thickness and inserting it into a space formed in rock. This allows the rock to take up pressure stresses on the reactor vessel walls, bottom, and top. The reactor vessel is located freely within the rock space, with the rock surface sealed by a sheet lining. The interstice between the lining and vessel is filled with a pressure-transmitting material like water.
This document describes improvements to a carbonating apparatus for producing carbonated water. It details two designs for the apparatus. The first design wraps water and refrigerant pipes in helical coils around a carbonating chamber, with the pipes bonded together and to the chamber wall. This allows both pre-cooling of water and cooling of the chamber. The second design alternates coils of the water and refrigerant pipes around the chamber, with the coils bonded together and to the chamber wall. The first design is preferred for improved heat transfer efficiency. The goal is to economize on refrigeration and reduce operating pressures through efficient cooling of both water and chamber.
This document describes improvements to a carbonating apparatus for producing aerated water. It details a conventional carbonator design and issues with maintaining proper carbonation levels and water temperature. The invention aims to address these issues by wrapping the carbonating chamber in helical coils of pipes, with one pipe carrying water and the other a refrigerant. This design cools the chamber directly to maintain carbonation levels while reducing operating pressures and refrigeration needs.
The document describes the key systems of a boiler, including the water and steam system, air/furnace/flue gas system, fuel system, ash system, and utility systems. It provides details on components like the deaerator, boiler feedwater pump, steam drum, superheater, furnace, sootblower, electrostatic precipitator, induced draft fan, and related conveyors, valves, transmitters and more.
This document provides information about cooling towers, including:
1. Cooling towers reduce water temperature by bringing water and air into direct contact, with some water evaporating to cool the rest.
2. Key components include fill materials to maximize contact between water and air, nozzles to distribute water, and fans to pull air through.
3. Cooling tower performance is evaluated based on parameters like range, approach, and efficiency. Opportunities to improve energy efficiency include selecting an appropriately sized tower, optimizing fill materials and water distribution, and improving fans and pumps.
4. Materials used in cooling towers have evolved over time for factors like corrosion resistance and include galvanized steel, plastics, fiberglass,
A simple vertical boiler has a cylindrical shell surrounding a firebox and produces low pressure steam in small quantities, making it suitable for low power generation or spaces with limited area. It has fewer parts, resulting in lower initial and maintenance costs, and a simple design that is easy to install and replace. However, steam production is limited by its design and heat efficiency is reduced due to the small boiler tubes.
This document describes a spray booth patent from 1957. Key features include:
1) The spray booth uses exhausted ventilation air to pneumatically convey water droplets from the bottom basin to retainers in an exhaust duct above overflow devices, allowing the water to flow back by gravity.
2) This eliminates the need for a circulation pump and reduces clogging from paint in the water compared to pump circulation.
3) The spray booth operates by exhausting air through the operating chamber, which pulls water droplets up from the bottom basin to collectors above before exiting through the exhaust duct.
The document discusses different types of steam boilers. It begins by defining a boiler as a closed vessel for generating steam according to Indian law. It then lists uses of steam such as powering engines and turbines. The document goes on to describe key components of boilers like shells, combustion chambers, and mountings. It classifies boilers based on features like tube content, furnace position, and circulation method. Specific boiler types discussed include simple vertical, Cochran, Lancashire, locomotive, Babcock and Wilcox, La-Mont, and Benson boilers. Each type is summarized with a diagram and key features.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Study of Boilers for Mechanical EngineeringAbdullahKafi18
The document discusses steam generators and their components. It describes the primary functions of steam generators as generating steam under pressure while ensuring high purity steam and maintaining steam temperature over a range of loads. It also discusses circulation in drum-type boilers via natural circulation and forced circulation in high-pressure boilers. Key components of steam generators discussed include the furnace, water and steam circuits, and various accessories like economizers, superheaters, and separators.
Construction of babcock and wilcox boilerAQIB_HAIDER
The Babcock and Wilcox boiler consists of a steam and water drum, water tubes, uptake header, grate, furnace, baffles, superheater, mud box, inspection doors, and damper. Coal is burned on the grate, heating the water tubes and producing steam. The steam rises into the drum while water descends back into the tubes, creating a circulation. Key advantages include high efficiency, replaceable tubes, and accessibility for inspection during operation.
Contains:
History, Specifications Of Boiler, Characteristics of boiler, construction and working, Salient features of boiler, Advantages and disadvantages, video
The document describes a 1957 patent (GB786089 A) for improvements to carbon black furnaces and methods of constructing them. It involves constructing the furnaces from precast refractory sections that are assembled inside metal shells. Individual sections can be readily removed for repair or replacement without disturbing the rest of the furnace. This allows localized faults to be addressed without needing to replace the entire furnace.
The document discusses different types of steam generators or boilers. It begins with an introduction to boilers, then describes how boilers are classified. It provides details on the key differences between fire-tube and water-tube boilers, including their construction, operation, applications and advantages/disadvantages. The document also discusses boiler terms, selection criteria for boilers, essential characteristics of good boilers, and provides details on specific types of fire-tube and water-tube boilers.
This document discusses fire-tube boilers and water-tube boilers. It begins by explaining that steam generators produce steam at desired rates and pressures by burning fuel in a furnace. It then describes that fire-tube boilers have combustion gases pass through tubes surrounded by water, while water-tube boilers have water pass through tubes with combustion gases on the outside. Key differences are that fire-tube boilers can only produce saturated steam up to 18 bars pressure, while water-tube boilers can reach much higher pressures and produce drier steam.
This document provides information about high pressure boilers used in modern steam power plants. It discusses the key features of high pressure boilers such as forced water circulation, small diameter tubes, and higher steam pressures and temperatures. It also outlines several types of high pressure boilers including La Mont, Benson, and Loeffler boilers. Additionally, it describes important boiler mountings like safety valves, water level indicators, and pressure gauges as well as accessories that improve efficiency like economizers, superheaters, and feed pumps.
This document provides information on different types of steam boilers. It begins with introducing key components of steam boilers such as the boiler shell, combustion chamber, grate, furnace, heating surface, mountings, and accessories. It then describes several specific boiler designs including a simple vertical boiler, Cochran boiler, scotch marine boiler, Lancashire boiler, Cornish boiler, locomotive boiler, and Babcock and Wilcox boiler. Each boiler type is summarized with a diagram and description of its key features and components. The document provides technical details on how different boiler designs generate and circulate steam for various industrial applications.
This document provides information on different types of steam boilers. It begins with introducing key components of steam boilers such as the boiler shell, combustion chamber, grate, furnace, heating surface, mountings, and accessories. It then describes several specific boiler designs including a simple vertical boiler, Cochran boiler, scotch marine boiler, Lancashire boiler, Cornish boiler, locomotive boiler, and Babcock and Wilcox boiler. Each boiler type is summarized with a diagram and description of its key features and components. The document provides technical details on how different boiler designs generate and circulate steam for various industrial applications.
This manual covers the basic guidelines and minimum requirements for
periodic inspection of heat exchangers used in petroleum refinery.
Locations to be inspected, inspection tools, frequency of inspection &
testing, locations prone to deterioration and causes, corrosion
mitigation, inspection and testing procedures have been specified in
the manual.
Documentation of observations & history of heat exchangers,
inspection checklist and recommended practices have also been
included.
Heat exchanging equipment is used for heating or cooling a fluid.
Individual heat transfer equipment is named as per its function.
Cooler
A cooler cools the process fluid, using water or air, with no change of
phase.
Chiller
A chiller uses a refrigerant to cool process fluid to a temperature below
that obtainable with water.
Condenser
A condenser condenses a vapour or mixture of vapours using water or
air.
Exchanger
An exchanger performs two functions in that it heats a cold process
fluid by recovering heat from a hot fluid, which it cools. None of the
transferred heat is lost.
Firetube and watertube boilers are the two main types of conventional steam boilers. In a firetube boiler, hot gases from the furnace flow through tubes surrounded by water. Watertube boilers have water inside tubes and hot gases circulating outside. Watertube boilers produce more and hotter steam and are used in power plants, ships, and factories. Common watertube designs include longitudinal drum, cross drum, and bent tube boilers which use natural water circulation. Firetube boilers have combustion inside tubes within a larger vessel containing water. Common designs are dryback and wetback boilers, with wetback being more efficient. Selection of boiler type depends on factors like required pressure, capacity, and
This document describes a 1957 patent for an oscillating column combustion apparatus. The apparatus has a combustion chamber and pulsating tube that form an acoustic resonator. It is an improvement over prior designs by introducing the combustion mixture tangentially into the cylindrical combustion chamber through a mixing tube. This causes the mixture to circulate and thermally prepare along the hot chamber walls before igniting, overcoming issues with deposits clogging inlet throats in previous models. The pulsating tube can be arranged coaxially to induce better vortexing for ignition.
All about boilers: Complete Basics, Classification of boilers,typesHashim Hasnain Hadi
There are two main types of boilers: fire-tube and water-tube. Boilers are also classified as high-pressure or low-pressure and steam boiler or hot water boiler. The ideal boiler size just meets heating demands on the coldest day but most are oversized by 30% due to past calculation methods. Properly sized boilers allow for smaller, more efficient systems and reduced costs.
The document discusses the key components and types of boilers. It begins by defining a boiler as a closed vessel that produces steam from water through fuel combustion. It then describes the main components of a boiler including the shell, setting, grate, furnace, and mountings/accessories. The document outlines the types of boilers based on orientation (horizontal, vertical, inclined), circulation (fire tube, water tube), firing method (externally, internally), and pressure (high, low). It provides examples of commonly used boiler types like fire tube (Cochran, Lancashire) and water tube (Babcock and Wilcox, Yarrow). It concludes with discussing boiler furnaces and their requirements for fuel mixing and combustion.
This paper is about a repetitive evaporator tube failure experienced in an AFBC boiler. The mode of a bed evaporator tube failure is generally erosion or overheating or water side corrosion. But this case was thermal fatigue.
This patent document describes improvements to ribbon type gas burners that provide multiple flames. It discloses a burner design with reinforced ribs that eliminates sagging even at high temperatures. The burner includes an integral crossover pilot at an asymmetric midpoint that ensures flame propagation between ports. By alternating burner orientation in an oven, localized overheating from crossover pilots is avoided while using a single burner design.
This patent document describes improvements to ribbon type gas burners that provide multiple flames. It discloses a burner design with reinforced ribs that eliminates sagging at high temperatures. The burner includes an integral crossover pilot at an asymmetric midpoint to ensure flame propagation between ports. By alternating burner orientation in an oven, localized overheating from crossover pilots is avoided while using a single burner design.
The document discusses different types of steam boilers. It describes boilers as closed vessels that use heat from fuel combustion to convert water into steam. It then summarizes the main types of boilers based on their orientation, circulation method, firing method, tube configuration, pressure rating, and portability. Key boiler components and accessories are also outlined. In the end, feedwater heaters are discussed as devices that preheat feedwater to improve boiler efficiency.
1. United States Patent [191 [11] 4,191,163
Ballard [45] Mar. 4, 1980
[54] FIREPLACE WATER HEATER FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
[76] Inventon Henry 6- B?lllrd, Rt- 9, BOX 151, 183625 4/1936 Switzerland ............................. 126/132
Easley, SC. 29640 3416 of 1910 United Kingdom . ....... 126/132
159234 5/ 1921 United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . .. 126/132
[21] APPI- N0-= 375387 179683 5/1922 United Kingdom ............. 126/132
[22] F1 d F b 6 1978 241712 10/1925 United Kingdom ..................... 126/1321e : e . ,
' Primary Examiner-Samuel Scott '
[51] Int. C1.2 ................................................ F248 9/04 Assistant Examiner-Randall L. Green
[52] U.S. Cl. .................. Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Bailey, IDority & Flint
[58] Field of Search ............... 126/132, 121; 2327431119, v [57] ABSTRACT ’
A ?replace water heater is illustrated which employs
[56] References Cited tubular members for the purpose of forming a pressure
us. PATENT DOCUMENTS vessel affording maximized surface for receiving heat
219 978 9/1979 Ri 126/132 from a ?replace and heating water_contemplat1ng ‘the
495,418 4/1893 Le“, ------------------------------' 126/132 use ofa lower header WhlCh may be in elevated pos1t1on
551’651 12/1895 not.“ """" 126/132 above the hearth so that the logs or other fuel are not in
670’066 3/1901 Sm 126/132 direct contact therewith facilitating the burning of the
677:542 7/1901 Heitland ....... 126/132 ?re
3,958,755 5/1976 Cleer, Jr. .. ...... 126/132
4,025,043 5/1977 Cleer, Jr. ............................. 126/132 2 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures
4. 4,191,1631
FIREPLACE WATER HEATER
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A number of water heater ?replace arrangements
have been contemplated in the past, the most pertinent
appearing to be that described in US. Pat. No. 219,978.
In this patent a coil is employed in connection with a
water tank for heating water in a ?replace. More re
cently US. Pat. Nos. 3,958,755 and 4,025,043 illustrate
the use of encasing tanks which de?ne the ?re chamber
of the ?replace and employ tubular members as a grate
on which the ?re may be built. When tubular members
are used as a grate, it has been found dif?cult to build
and maintain the burning of the ?re since heat is re
moved so quickly to prevent continued burning. The
hearth of the present invention is open entirely about
the central portion thereof to accommodate conven
tional and any desired andirons or any other support for
the logs and the like. The heaters ofthe prior art present
a limited surface area for contact with the heat and the
tanks de?ned by the casings are incapable of withstand
ing pressure unless inordinately heavy construction
materials are utilized. The ?replace of the present in
vention may be used in connection with the systems
illustrated in the. prior art patents referred to above.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It has been found that an effective ?replace water
heater may be constructed utilizing tubular upper and
lower headers connected by upright tubular members
so as to provide an open hearth area for building the ?re
and a maximum of surface area for receiving heat which
may withstand pressures generated as a result ofheating
the water to an elevated temperature and forming
steam.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The construction designed to carry out the invention
will be hereinafter described, together with other fea
tures thereof‘. I
The invention will be more readily understood from
a reading of the following speci?cation and by refer
ence to the accompanying drawings forming a part
thereof, wherein an example of the invention is shown
and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a ?replace
water heater constructed in accordance with the pres
ent invention, ' ‘
FIG. 2 is a front elevation further illustrating the
?replace water heater illustrated in FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional elevation taken on the
line 3—3 in FIG. 2, and
FIG. 4 is a sectional plan view taken on the line 4—4
in FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED
EMBODIMENT
The drawings illustrate a ?replace having a ?re
chamber de?ned by a hearth, rear and side walls, and a
top wall containing a ?ue for connection to a chimney.
A water heater therefor includes a lower header A
extending adjacent the rear and side walls within the
?re chamber de?ning an open area for building a ?re.
An upper header B extends adjacent a marginal portion
of the top wall and about the ?ue. A plurality of spaced
upright boiler pipes C connect the lower and upper
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headers. Connections D and E are for supplying water
to ?ow through said water heater.
The ?replce includes a ?re chamber broadly desig
nated at 10 which is de?ned in part by a hearth 11, a rear
wall 12, side walls 13, and a top wall 14 containing a ?ue
15. The ?ue provides a suitable connection to the chim
ney 16. The rear wall 12, side walls 13, and top wall 14
are ligned by a suitable housing or shield, broadly desig
nated at 17.
It is important to note that a marginal base portion 18
surrounds the hearth adjacent the rear and side walls to
provide a built up support for the water heater de
scribed herein.
More particularly, the water heater constitutes a
pressure vessel which is constructed of tubular ele
ments, pipes and conduits of suitable construction for
withstanding pressure as when the water is heated to
elevated temperatures.
The lower header A includes conduits l9 and 20,
each of which is closed on one end but communicates
with a rear conduit 21 at right angles thereto. The upper
header B includes front and rear conduit portions 22
and 23, respectively, which are connected for water
?ow therebetween by conduits 24 and 25 adjacent the
side walls of the ?replace. It will be observed that the
upright boiler pipes C include alternate pipes 26 which
have a rearwardly inclined intermediate portion 260
which connects a lower substantially vertical portion
26b and an upper horizontal portion 26c. The remaining
upright pipes C are illustrated as being substantially
vertical connecting pipes 27. All the upright pipes 26
and .27 communicate for carrying water between the
lower and upper headers A and B. ,
It will thus be noted that the upright pipes C together
with the upper and lower headers, present a large sur
face area for contact with the heat generated in the ?re
chamber. The upright pipes 26 which are inclined at an
upper portion thereofacross the ?re chamber add to the
ef?ciency of the water heater receiving heat from the
?re when burning in the ?replacefor heating water.
It is contemplated that the ?replace water heater
hereofmay be utilized in connection with standard glass
?re screens and any other desirable auxiliary equipment.
Since an open area is presented on the hearth wherein
the logs, coal or other fuel is maintained out of direct
contact with the water heater, it is relatively easy to
build and maintain ?res in the ?re chamber.
While it is contemplated that the ?replace water
heater may be utilized to convey water to heaters ofany
desired form, such as radiators or pipes within floor
slabs or other construction, it may also, be used in gener
ation of hot water supplies for at home and the like.
More importantly, the ?replace heater described herein
is‘capable ofwithstanding elevated pressures and can be
used in more sophisticated systems. such as solar heating
systems on cloudy or extremely cold days.
While a preferred embodiment of the invention has
been described using speci?c terms, such description is
for illustrative purposes only, and it is to be understood
that changes and variations may be made without de
parting from the spirit and scope of the following
claims.
What is claimed is: '
1. A water heater for a ?replace having a ?re cham
ber de?ned by a hearth, rear and :side walls, and a top
wall containing a ?ue comprising:
a lower U-shaped header consisting of heater pipes
extending adjacent respective rear and side walls
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within said ?re chamber de?ning an open area for
building a ?re so that the hearth is entirely open
about a central portion thereof to accommodate a
?re supported therein entirely apart from the
heater;
an' upper heater extending adjacent a marginal por
tion of said top wall about the ?ue;
a plurality of upright boiler pipes connecting said
lower and upper headers spaced along said rear and
side walls;
a ?rst number of said boiler pipes along said rear wall
extending substantially vertically upwardly from
said lower header connecting with a rear portion of
said upper header and a second number of said
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boiler pipes alternating with said ?rst number'ex
tending diagonally across said ?re chamber con
necting with a front portion of said upper head
simultaneously communicating water ?ow from
said lower header with said front and rear portions
of said upper header enhancing efficient transfer of
heat; and
connections for supplying water to flow through said
water heater.
2. The structure set forth in claim 1 wherein said
upper header is substantially horizontal and extends
entirely about said ?ue.