The document details the anatomy of the urinary bladder and prostate, explaining their locations, structures, and sonographic techniques for assessment. It describes the urinary bladder as a muscular organ that serves as a reservoir for urine and provides details on measuring bladder wall thickness and post-void residuals. Additionally, it outlines the structure and function of the prostate, including its lobes and zones, along with relevant sonographic measurement techniques.

1. URINARY BLADDER AND PROSTATE
ANATOMY AND USG
TECHNIQUES
BY:
DR. TOOBA BINTE SHAHID
DR. HALA QAMAR CHOUDHRY

2. • Muscular Hollow Organ
• Situated immediately behind the pubic
bones
• Entirely situated in the pelvic cavity when
empty, expands superiorly into the
abdomen when full
• Acts as reservoir for urine, healthy human
bladder holds 400 to 500 ml of urine
2
LOCATION AND
DESCRIPTION

3. PARTS OF URINARY BLADDER
3
Dome: Dome or apex is top front part
Base: Bottom back part
Body: Area Between Dome and Base
Neck: Along base of bladder

4. VASCULATURE
ARTERIES: The main blood supply comes from
internal iliac arteires,which branch into superior
vesical and inferior vesical arteries.
VENUS DRAINAGE:
Most of the bladder’s venous return drains into the
internal iliac vein.

5. SONOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF URINARY BLADDER
5
• Round
• Anechoic
• Fluid filled Structure situated in caudal one third of the
abdomen

6. SONOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES FOR URINARY
BLADDER
6
 A curvilinear probe(1-5MHz) is preferred for full visualization of urinary bladder
 Probe is placed midline directly above the pubic symphysis in transverse orientation
 To check for post void residuals, bladder should be full at beginning. Patient should be asked to drink
several glasses of water.

7. 7
TRANSVERSE SCAN PLANE
LONGITUDNAL BLADDER
IMAGE

8. NORMAL BLADDER WALL THICKNESS
8
The normal thickness of the bladder wall in adults typically
ranges from 2-5 mm when measured using ultrasound
imaging.
Measurement of bladder wall thickness: Calculated as the
distance between the outer and inner surfaces of the bladder
wall.

9. PRE-VOID AND POST-VOID
ULTRASOUND
MEASUREMNTS.
PRE-VOID:
The amount of urine in the bladder before
urination.
POST-VOID:
Post-void residual describes the amount of urine
left in the bladder after voluntary bladder
emptying.
 To determine post-void residuals the
following formula is used:
length x width x height x 0.53
9

10. INTERNAL ECHOS WITHIN THE URINARY
BLADDER
10
TRABECULATED URINARY BLADDER
URETEROCELE

11. 11
BLADDER MASS
BLADDER DIVERTICULUM

12. PROSTATE
Prostate is a gland in male reproductive
system that’s located below the bladder and
in front of the rectum.

13. ANATOMY
• is about size of a walnut and is conical
in shape.
• Surrounds upper part of urethra
• Carries urine and semen out of the
body.
Consists of base,apex,an anterior, a
posterior and two lateral surfaces.
FUNCTION:
• Is to produce fluid that transport
sperm called seminal fluid.
13

14. LOBES OF PROSTATE
14
Prostate has five lobes:
• Anterior lobe(in the front)
• Posterior lobe(in the back)
• Two lateral lobes(on the sides)
• One median lobe(in the middle)
ZONES OF PROSTATE
• Based on function divided into 3 zones:
• Peripheral zone: outermost region of prostate
• Transitional zone: where benign prostatic hyperplasia occurs
• Central zone: located in base of the prostate

15. TRUS IMAGES
15
ZONES:

16. VASCULATURE
Arteries:
receives arterial supply from prostatic
arteries primarily derived from internal
iliac arteries.
Veins:
The prostatic venous plexus drains blood
into the internal vein.

17. HOW TO TAKE MEASUREMENTS
SONOGRAPHICALLY
17
Using the formula:
 Prostate gland
volume =AP
diameter x
transverse
diameter x
longitudinal
diameter x 0.52

18. 18
BENIGN PROSTATE
HYPERPLASIA
PROSTATIC CALCIFICATIONS PROSTATIC CALCULI
SONOGRAPHIC APPERANCE

19. TRUS IMAGES
19
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Prostatic Calculi Prostatic Calcification

20. THANK YOU