urban transport system.pptx

Module : Transportation System and Development
Ethiopian Civil Service University
College of Urban Development and Engineering
Department of Transport Planning &Management
1
12/29/2022 Mulugeta Girma(Ph.D.)

Outline
 Objective
 Introduction to transport
system
- Definition
- importance
- Modes /classification
 Discussion
 Objectives
- have a general overview of
transportation
- state the different modes of
transportation
12/29/2022 Mulugeta Girma(Ph.D.) 2

The basics of Transportation system
-Definition of Transport
- Transport system
-Importance of Transport
-Mode of Transport

Definition for Ttransport

 Transport
• The term is derived from the
Latin trans ("across") and
portare ("to carry").

CONT’D
Transportation:
 Is the process of moving goods and people from one place to
another which involve all activities that facilitate the
movement of goods and people.
 It provides access to natural resources and promotes trade,
allowing a nation to accumulate wealth and power because
it’s a vital to a nation’s economy.
 it is also an important factor for every country to
- maintain a strong economy, and
- for access to and between country’s people
 Transport sector plays a significant role in the overall
development of a country

Cont’d
- The most common element in any definition of
transportation is movement.
 Movement is changing of physical location of freight,
passenger

Cont’d
 the purpose of transportation is to overcome space, which is
shaped by a variety of human and physical constraints –
i.e. distance, time, administrative divisions and topography
 The fundamental purpose of transport is consequently
geographic in nature, meaning that it facilitates movement
between different locations.

• transport is responsible for the physical movement of
materials between points in the supply chain

Cont’d
• Transport ,in fact , provides a vital link between;
- production centers ,
- distribution areas and
- the ultimate customers.

Cont’d
 Transportation is the movement of people and goods over
time and space...
• Transportation should be…
- Safe
- Environmentally Friendly

Emissions from Vehicles
Emissions

 Framework of transportation system
• Transportation system ???
• defined as a planned network of elements or physical
components that play different roles in the transportation of
goods and persons from one place to another.
• The elements or physical components of a transport system
are referred to as the facilities.

Cont’d
• A transport system can therefore be considered as consisting
of fixed facilities, the flow entities, and control system
• that permit people and goods to overcome the friction of
geographical space efficiently in order to participate in a
timely manner in some desired activity.

Fixed Facilities
• are the physical components of the system that are fixed in
space and constitutes the network of links and nodes of the
transportation system.
• For example, the links could be ;
- roadway segment and railway track and
- the nodes could be intersections, interchanges, transit
terminals, and airports

Flow Entities
• are the units that travel the fixed facilities.
e.g vehicles, container units, railroad cars, and so on.
• In the case of a road system, the fixed facilities are expected
to accommodate a wide variety of vehicle types, ranging from
bicycles to large tractor-trailer combinations.

Control System
 The control system consists of
i. vehicular control and ii. flow control.
• Vehicular control refers to the technological way in which
individual vehicles are guided on fixed facilities.
- Such controls can be manual or automated.

Cont’d
• The flow control system consists ;
- the means that permit the efficient and smooth operation of
streams of vehicles and the reduction of conflicts between
vehicles.
- This system includes various types of signing, marking, and
signal systems and the underlying rules of operation.

Classification of Transportation
• Transportation is classified according to:
- what is transported,
- transportation infrastructure,
- transport modes and in terms of aims (purposes)
A-What is transported
i.e. transportation of: - persons- (buses, taxis, rail, air, etc),
- goods (freight, etc),
- fluid (pipe lines).
B- transportation infrastructure
Road, Rail, Air , Water, Pipe etc.

Cont’d
C-Transportation modes
• Motorized transport,
• Non motorized transport.
D- Transportation aims: to and from
• place of work,
• service centers,
• schools, universities / Education /
• shopping areas,
• entertaining centers etc

Significance of Transport
• In general transport helps to :
- make available to a community the
goods produced elsewhere
- extend the market
- reduce regional price variability
- increase productivity and efficiency
and lead to
- large scale production
- reduction of the cost of goods
- encourages competition,
- Creates valuable links between
regions and economic activities ,
between populations and the rest of
the world.
- etc
i- economic significance
- Transport – linked to
economic development
- An indispensible
component of the
economy and plays a
major role in spatial
relations between
locations
- The transport sector is
also an economic
factor in the
production of good and
services

Cont’d
 Its importance is manifested through several points of view :
• Better utilization of the backward areas linking with the
advanced areas / rural – urban linkage /
• For rapid industrialization & urbanization
• For removing the scarcity of goods
• movement people and bringing them in contact with each
other

II- social significance
 Modern transport has
- widened cultural opportunities,
- permitting people to examine the
artistic treasures of other countries
and
- to explore their own national
heritage
 It enhance the health and welfare of
a population as
- medical persons can move rapidly
from one place to another or
- sick persons can be transported to
higher health institutions easily
 Improved
transportation and
communication reduce
isolation of one
community from
another.
 It allows people to live
and work apart.

iii- political significance
• It helps to uniformly administer the laws of the country
• A country’s military success also depends on a certain
extent on the availability of transportation network.
• Transportation increases government revenue by
facilitating the collection of taxes.

Tourism
Transport
Urban Mobility
Regional Integration
Peace and Security
Trade
competitiveness Social services
accessibility
Rural Connectivity
Agriculture
Climate Change
Transport:
Prerequisite for economic and social development

Transportation Modes
What are the Modes of transport ?

Transportation Modes
■ Transport modes:
• Vehicles:
• Mobile segment.
• Supporting the mobility of passengers, freight and information.
• Infrastructures:
• Fixed segment.
• Supporting movements.
• Three basic types:
• Land (road, rail and pipelines).
• Water (shipping).
• Air.
• Each mode had a set of technical, operational and
commercial characteristics.
29

Cont’d
• The mode of transport describes the type of transport used.
• There are basically five different options;
*Rail * Road * Air
* Water * Pipeline

Rail Transport
 Overview
• Composed of a traced path on which are bound vehicles.
• Heavy industries are traditionally linked with rail transport
systems.

Rail Transport
• Most commonly used for heavy and bulky loads over long
land journeys

cont’d
 Advantages
 It is a convenient mode of transport for travelling long distances.
 It is relatively faster than road transport.
 It is suitable for carrying heavy goods in large quantities over long distances.
 Its operation is less affected by adverse weathers conditions like rain,
floods, fog, etc.
 Limitations
 It is relatively expensive for carrying goods and passengers over short
distances.
 It provides service according to fixed time schedule and is not flexible for
loading or unloading of goods at any place.
 It involves heavy losses of life as well as goods in case of accident.

Road Transport
• The most widely used mode of transport and is used at least
somewhere in almost all supply chains.
• Public transport ( e.g. bus )

Cont’d
■ Overview
• Large consumers of space.
• Lowest level of physical constraints among transportation
modes.
• Average operational flexibility (vehicles can serve several
purposes).
• High maintenance costs, both for the vehicles and
infrastructures.

Cont’d
 Advantages
 It is a relatively cheaper mode of transport as compared to other modes.
 Perishable goods can be transported at a faster speed by road carriers over
a short distance.
 It is a flexible mode of transport as loading and unloading is possible at any
destination. It provides door-to-door service.
 It helps people to travel and carry goods from one place to another, in
places which are not connected by other means of transport like hilly areas.
 Use extensive road networks

Limitations of Road transport
• Used for delivering finished goods than bulky raw materials
• Lorries are particularly vulnerable to congestion and traffic
delays
• Obvious limitation of only being used on land
• Due to limited carrying capacity road transport is not
economical for long distance transportation of goods.

Water Transport
■ Issues
• Dominant support of global trade:
• 96% of the world trade is carried by maritime transportation
(mass).
• International trade and maritime transportation:
• Interrelated.
• 25,000 billion tons-km are on average transported annually.
• 7,000 by rail and 3,000 by road.
• 71% of all freight shipped globally.
• For every $1,000 of exports, there is one ton of freight being
shipped by maritime transportation.

Water Transport
• Most supply chains use shipping to cross the oceans
• over 90% of world trade is moved by sea

Cont’d
• Advantages:
 It is a relatively economical mode of transport for bulky and
heavy goods.
 The cost of maintaining and constructing routes is very low
most of them are naturally made.
 It promotes international trade.......

Cont’d
 Disadvantages:
 The depth and navigability of rivers and canals vary and thus, affect
operations of different transport vessels.
 It is a slow moving mode of transport and therefore not suitable for
transport of perishable goods.
(Longer delivery times and slow)
 It is adversely affected by weather conditions.
 Sea transport requires large investment on ships and their
maintenance.
 Transfers to ships take time

Air transport
• Passengers account for most
airline business, with eight billion
passenger kilometres flown a year
in the UK.

Cont’d
 Advantages:
 It is the fastest mode of transport.
 It is very useful in transporting goods and passengers to the area, which
are not accessible by any other means.
 It is the most convenient mode of transport during natural calamities.
 It provides vital support to the national security and defence
 Main advantage is speed of delivery

Cont’d
 Disadvantages:
 It is relatively more expensive mode of transport.
 It is not suitable for transporting heavy and bulky goods.
 It is affected by adverse weather conditions.
 It is not suitable for short distance travel.
 In case of accidents, it results in heavy losses of goods,
property and life.

Cont’d
• Transfers to plane take time in the airport
• It is costly transport
• Weight limits is prevent carrying amount of materials.

Pipeline Transport
■ Overview
• Single purpose: carry one commodity from a location to another.
• Large quantities of products where no other feasible means of
transport (usually water) is available.
• Two main products dominate pipeline traffic:
• Oil and gas.
• Locally pipelines are significant for the transport of water.

Cont’d
• The main uses of pipelines are oil and gas together with the
utilities of water and sewage.

Advantage of Pipeline
• Moving large quantities over long
distances.
• Cheapest way of moving liquids For ex;
oil and gas

Disadvantage of Pipeline
• Being slow
• Inflexible
• Only carrying large volumes of
certain types of fluid
• Huge initial investment of
building dedicated pipelines

* Choice of mode depends on a variety of factors.
- The main ones are the nature of materials to move, the
volume and distance.
 Other factors include:
• Value of materials
• Importance
• Transit times
• Reliability
• Cost and flexibility to
negotiate rates
• stability of carrier
• Security, loss and damage
• Schedules and frequency of
delivery

 Ranking for the cost, speed, flexibility and load limits of
different modes of transport

Elements of transport
The movement of goods or passenger traffic requires
adequate infrastructure facilities for the free flow from the
place of origin to the place of destination.
Irrespective of modes, every transport system has some
common elements
a) Vehicle or carrier to carry passenger or goods
b) Route or path for movement of carriers
c) Terminal facilities for loading and unloading of goods
and passengers from carriers
d) Prime Mover
e) Transit time and cost

Historical Development of Transportation Modes
1860 1893 1923 1948
Time
Ridership
Horse-drawn
Omni bus
Cable car
Electric
Tramway
Bus
Automobile

Hybrid Cars
Environmentally
Friendly

History of Transportation - Railway
Year: 1804
Speed: 8 km/h
Year: 2008
Speed: ~ 500 km/h

Railway
Tram Metro
Regional
Locomotives
Interurban
High speed
Long distance
Speed
Very High speed
In Japan nearly 40 years,
In Europe nearly 25 years

Which mode has the most problems??

urban transport system.pptx

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