A housing shortage occurs when housing production falls behind demand. There are several contributing factors to the current shortage, including increased population, more single-person households, difficulties obtaining planning permission, high land and building costs, and inefficient construction methods.

1. HOUSING ASSIGNMENT
DEFINITIONS
RIFANA ABDUL JALEEL

2. Housing Shortage
Housing shortage follows the economic principles of supply and
demand.
When the production of housing outpaces the demand there is a
housing
surplus. When housing production falls behind demand there is a
housing shortage.
A lack of housebuilding is the driving reason for the housing shortage,
however, other contributory issues include:
● Increased Population
● Changing lifestyle means more people live alone or in small
households.
● Difficulties and delays obtaining planning permission.
● The cost of land.
● Protection of greenbelt
● Inefficient building methods.
● A decline of small and medium sized housing sectors.
Source :
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Housing_shortage#:~:text=In
%20general%2C%20a%20housing%20shortage%20follows%20the%20
economic,behind%20demand%20there%20is%20a%20housing%20sho
rtage%20.

3. Housing Need
Housing Need means being homeless or threatened with
homelessness or living in accommodation which in the opinion of
the Council is Insecure or unsuitable and being unable to purchase
or rent reasonably suitable accommodation in the open market for
property in the locality where the Affordable Dwelling is situated
taking into account the person’s income and capital and other
financial circumstances. Accommodation may be unsuitable on the
grounds of cost, overcrowding, unfitness or lack of basic amenities
or because of a person’s infirmity, physical disability, mental
disability or specific social or care needs.
Source : https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/housing-need

4. Housing Demand
Housing ‘demand’ is a market driven concept and relates to the
type and number of houses that households will choose to occupy
based on preference and ability to pay.
The primary factor influencing demand for housing is the price of
housing. By the law of demand, as price decreases, the quantity of
housing demanded increases. The demand for housing also
depends on the wealth of households, their current income, and
interest rates.
Source:https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn06921/#:~:text=Hou
sing%20'demand'%20is%20a%20market,preference%20and%20ability%20to%20pay.

5. Urbanization
Urbanization results from a natural increase in the population and rural
to urban migration. People migrate to towns and cities in hope of
gaining a better standard of living. They are influenced by pull factors
that attract them to urban life, and push factors that make them
dissatisfied with rural living.
OR Human populations have tended to increase over time. As more
people were born, small groups of individuals found reasons to come
together to form groups and, with the advent of agriculture, small
sedentary communities. A small number of these settlements grew into
what we now call cities. This kind of growth often corresponds with a
shift from one way of organizing labor to another.
The world population has grown significantly, and our economies have
become more industrialized over the past few hundred years, and as a
result many more people have moved into cities. This process is known
as urbanization.
Source :https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/urbanization/

6. Poverty
Poverty refers to lacking enough resources to provide the necessities of
life—food, clean water, shelter and clothing. But in today's world, that
can be extended to include access to health care, education and even
transportation.
Factors contributing to poverty,
● Inequality Conflict
● Hunger, Malnutrition, and Stunting
● poor healthcare systems — especially for mothers and children.
● Little or no access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene.
● Lack of education.
● Poor public work and infrastructure.
Source :https://reliefweb.int/report/world/11-top-causes-global-poverty

7. Slums
A slum is a highly populated urban residential area consisting of densely
packed housing units of weak build quality and often associated with
poverty. The infrastructure in slums is often deteriorated or incomplete,
and they are primarily inhabited by impoverished people.[1] Although
slums are usually located in urban areas, in some countries they can be
located in suburban areas where housing quality is low and living
conditions are poor.[2] While slums differ in size and other
characteristics, most lack reliable sanitation services, supply of clean
water, reliable electricity, law enforcement, and other basic services.
Slum residences vary from shanty houses to professionally built
dwellings which, because of poor-quality construction or lack of basic
maintenance, have deteriorated.
Source :https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slum