This document discusses various techniques for adding static and strict typing to PHP code. It describes how type hinting works in PHP 5+ and 7 to add scalar type hints. It also discusses extensions like SPL_TYPES and Zephir that aim to make PHP a stronger typed language. The document then covers asynchronous PHP and how it can be achieved through extensions like React and libraries like Ratchet for real-time applications over websockets. Pthreads is discussed as a way to add multithreading to PHP applications.

1. UNKNOWN FEATURES OF
PHP
or less known ;)

2. ABOUT ME
CERTIFIED
PHP ENGINEER
CERTIFIED
A R C H I T E CT
2
Łukasz Witczak
10+ yrs experience

4. STRICTTYPED PHP?

5. IS IT POSSIBLETO WRITE
STRICTLYTYPED PHP CODE?
Never trust accepted answer at stackoverflow

6. STATIC/DYNAMIC
STRICT/WEAK?
• Static/Dynamic typing is about when type
information is aquired (at compiletime or at
runtime)
• Strong/Weak typing is about how strictly types
are distinguished (e.g. whether the language tries
to do implicit conversion from strings to
numbers).

7. WEAKTYPING AND STRICT
TYPING
• Fully strict type checking where no conversion happens (Go,
Facebook's Hack)
• Widening primitive type checking where “safe” conversions
happen (Java, Pascal, PHP Objects).
• Weak type checking which all conversions are allowed, with
possible warnings raised (which is used to a limited extent by C,
C#, C++ andVisual Basic, PHP scalars?)

8. “DESPITE THEIR PRODUCTIVITY
ADVANTAGES, DYNAMIC
LANGUAGES MAY NOT BE THE BEST
CHOICES FOR ALL APPLICATIONS,
PARTICULARLY FOR VERY LARGE
CODE BASES AND HIGH-
PERFORMANCE APPLICATIONS.”
http://docs.zephir-lang.com/en/latest/motivation.html#statically-typed-
versus-dynamically-typed-languages

9. TYPE HINTING PHP 5+

10. TYPE HINTING PHP7

11. SCALARTYPE HINTS
FOR PHP 5.4+
• string
• integer, int
• float, double
• boolean, bool
• resource
https://pecl.php.net/package/strict

12. LIMITATIONS
• “Internal functions cannot use strict hints, only user
code is supported.”
• “Because the parser detects scalar hints as classes,
they cannot have default values.” This was written before we knew that
PHP7 would get strict parameter and
return typing.
The best thing to do now is probably
make this a close approximation of
compatibility for PHP5 ... I'm super
busy right now and this isn't really a
priority …

13. –Joe Watkins
“ I'm super busy right now and this isn't really a
priority ...”
FUTURE

14. SPL_TYPES

15. http://php.net/manual/en/intro.spl-types.php
“This extension aims at helping people making PHP a
stronger typed language and can be a good alternative
to scalar type hinting.”
SPL_TYPES

18. demo?

23. SPL_TYPES
• Total downloads: 53,633

24. ZEPHIR
Zephir, an open source, high-level language designed to ease the
creation and maintainability of extensions for PHP with a focus on type
and memory safety.

25. ZEPHIR STATICTYPES
• boolean A boolean expresses a truth value. It can be either ‘true’ or ‘false’.
• integer Signed integers.At least 16 bits in size.
• unsigned integer Unsigned integers.At least 16 bits in size.
• char Smallest addressable unit of the machine that can contain basic character set.
• unsigned char Same size as char, but guaranteed to be unsigned.
• long Long signed integer type.At least 32 bits in size.
• unsigned long Same as long, but unsigned.
• float/double Double precision floating-point type.The size is platform-dependent.
• string A string is series of characters, where a character is the same as a byte.
• array An structure that can be used as hash, map, dictionary, collection, stack, etc.

26. ZEPHIR UNSIGNED INT

27. ZEPHIR CHAR AND STRING

28. ASYNCHRONOUS PHP
cooperative multitasking

30. SYNCHRONOUS
Tasks
Time
0 150 300 450 600
Task #1 Task #2 Task #3

31. ASYNCHRONOUS
Tasks
Time [ms]
0 75 150 225 300
Task #1 Task #2 Task #3

32. NODE.JS

34. EVENT-DRIVEN, NON-
BLOCKING I/O WITH PHP

36. pond 3mln pobrań promise

37. • StreamSelectLoop - out of the box
• LibEventLoop -This uses the libevent pecl extension with a
number of system-specific backends (epoll, kqueue).
• LibEvLoop -This uses the libev pecl extension (github). It
supports the same backends as libevent.
• ExtEventLoop -This uses the event pecl extension. It
supports the same backends as libevent
loop

38. by Marc J. Schmidt

39. • http://marcjschmidt.de/blog/2014/02/08/php-
high-performance.html
• https://github.com/php-pm/php-pmLibEvLoop
• http://reactphp.org/
• https://github.com/reactphp
resources

40. https://github.com/ratchetphp/Ratchet
ratchetphp/Ratchet
Ratchet is a loosely coupled PHP library providing developers with
tools to create real time, bi-directional applications between clients
and servers over WebSockets.
http://socketo.me/

41. • Supports the RFC6455, HyBi-10+, and Hixie76 protocol
versions (at the same time)
• Tested on Chrome 13+, Firefox 6+, Safari 5+, iOS 4.2+, IE 8+
• Ratchet passes the Autobahn Testsuite (non-binary
messages)

42. https://github.com/nrk/predis-async
Predis/Async

43. https://github.com/bixuehujin/reactphp-mysql
react/mysql

44. • mysql (with non blocking I/O) driver for
reactphp,
• It is written in pure PHP - implemented the
mysql protocol.
react/mysql

45. • Installs: 530
• Stars: 58
• Watchers: 11
• Forks: 13
• Open Issues: 3
react/mysql

46. https://github.com/reactphp/filesystem
react/filesystem

47. • Evented filesystem access utilising
asyncronous POSIX I/O by means of
libEIO C library
• requires http://php.net/eio extension
react/filesystem

48. react/filesystem

49. • Installs: 1 014
• Dependents: 2
• Stars: 33
• Watchers: 10
• Forks: 7
• Open Issues: 5
filesystem non-blocking I/O

50. HACK LANG
• Async,Await,Awaitable

51. HACK LANG

52. HACK LANG
od hhvm 3.6 - obecnie hhvm 3.10

53. ASYNC DB QUERIES

54. ASYNC MYSQL
mysqli::reap_async_query
mysqli_reap_async_query

56. ASYNC POSTGRESQL

57. ASYNC HTTP

58. CURL_MULTI

60. BUZZ

61. BUZZMULTI

62. BUZZVS BUZZMULTI
Time[ms]
0
1250
2500
3750
5000
Sync Multi
Trudność w gromadzeniu requestów

63. GUZZLE 5
END OF SCRIPT
http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1945.txt 200
http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7540.txt 200
http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2068.txt 200

64. composer require “guzzlehttp/guzzle:~5.3”

65. THREADS

67. YES!
PHP Threads…

68. …and NOT
pcntl_fork

70. https://pecl.php.net/package/pthreads
https://github.com/krakjoe/pthreads
http://php.net/pthreads

71. PTHREADS
• Object Orientated (like Java)
• Easy to use an safety built in (no MUTEX)
• High level implementation of POSIX threads
• Well documented

72. PTHREADS EXAMPLE

73. PTHREADS
• Stable since 2013-09-08 (0.0.45)
• Over 163,000 downloads (from PECL)
• Heavily developed: (35 releases)
• Mature

75. PTHREADS
• http://pthreads.org/
• https://gist.github.com/krakjoe/9384409
• https://gist.github.com/krakjoe/6437782
read first

76. PTHREADS
Not for web

77. –Joe Watkins
“(…)you can't use pthreads safely and sensibly
anywhere but CLI.”

78. PTHREADS
PHP-CLI YES!

79. THREDS ARE HARD
• https://web.stanford.edu/~ouster/cgi-bin/papers/
threads.pdf

81. OPERATOR OVERLOADING

84. OPERATOR OVERLOADING IN PHP
EXTENSIONS

85. OPERATOR OVERLOADING IN PHP
EXTENSIONS

86. THANKYOU
https://joind.in/16171
@woocashw