This document discusses various applications of ICT in healthcare, including artificial intelligence, automation technologies, 3D printing, and micro 3D printing. It describes how AI is used in healthcare applications like clinical expert systems, gaming, and medical imaging. It also outlines benefits of automating healthcare administration tasks like billing, scheduling and electronic health records. Finally, it provides details on how 3D printing and micro 3D printing are used to create medical devices and components for applications in microfluidics.

1. ICT in Healthcare
Unit 3

2. Contents
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Automation Technologies in health care
3D printing applications in medical Engineering
Micro 3D printing and Application in Microfluidics

3. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
What is Artificial Intelligence?
According to the father of Artificial Intelligence, John McCarthy, it is “The science
and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer
programs”.
● Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a computer-controlled
robot, or a software think intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent
humans think.
● AI is accomplished by studying how human brain thinks, and how humans
learn, decide, and work while trying to solve a problem, and then using the
outcomes of this study as a basis of developing intelligent software and
systems.

4. Programming Without and With AI
Programming Without AI Programming With AI
A computer program without AI can answer
the specific questions it is meant to solve.
A computer program with AI can answer the
generic questions it is meant to solve.
Modification in the program leads to change
in its structure.
AI programs can absorb new modifications by
putting highly independent pieces of information
together. Hence you can modify even a minute
piece of information of program without affecting
its structure.
Modification is not quick and easy. It may lead
to affecting the program adversely.
Quick and Easy program modification.

5. Applications of AI
● Gaming
● Natural Language Processing
● Expert Systems
● Vision Systems − These systems understand, interpret, and
comprehend visual input on the computer.
● Speech Recognition
● Handwriting Recognition
● Intelligent Robots
Example: Doctors use clinical expert system to diagnose the patient.

6. AI with Python
import numpy as np
from sklearn.preprocessing import Binarizer
input_data = np.array([[2.1, -1.9, 5.5],
[-1.5, 2.4, 3.5],
[0.5, -7.9, 5.6],
[5.9, 2.3, -5.8]])
data_binarized =Binarizer(threshold = 0.5).transform(input_data)
print("nBinarized data:n", data_binarized)
References:
1) https://datascience-enthusiast.com/DL/Building-your-Deep-Neural-Network-Step-by-Step.html
2) Understanding Machine Learning from theory to algorithm
3) Neural network from scratch: https://nnfs.io/

7. Automation Technologies in health care
Intelligent automation, such as robotic process automation (RPA), machine
learning (ML), and artificial intelligence (AI), has the potential to transform
personnel from data routers to critical thinkers, with greater capacity for high-value
jobs and medical care that requires a human touch.

8. Benefits of healthcare automation in administration
Healthcare leaders already know that automation works. According to healthcare
industry research organization CAQH (Council for Affordable Quality Healthcare),
the industry has reduced administrative costs by $122 billion as a result of
automation and could save an additional $16 billion by fully automating some
common tasks.
1. Patient billing and scheduling
2. Staff support
3. Electronic Health Records (EHRs).
5. Data security and blockchain

9. 3D printing applications in medical Engineering
What Is 3D Printing?

10. 3D Printer
A 3D Printer is a manufacturing tool used to create three-dimensional artifacts that
have been designed on a computer.
3D printers have a wide range of shapes, sizes, and types, but in essence they
are all computer controlled additive manufacturing machines.
Similar to how paper printers lay down ink in one layer to create an image, 3D
printers lay down or cure material layer by layer to create a three-dimensional
object.

12. Tools for 3D artifacts design
Blender:
Blender is a free, open-source 3D creation suite.
It is used to create animated films, visual effects, art, 3D printed models, motion
graphics, interactive 3D applications, virtual reality, or computer games
More Details: https://www.blender.org/support/

13. Micro 3D printing and Application in Microfluidics
Microfluidics, the study of fluid behavior in
microscale channels, is becoming
increasingly important for medical and
laboratory diagnostics. Today there are
several microfluidics areas where micro
3D printing, a form of additive
manufacturing that produces microscale
parts, offers promising applications for
MFD prototyping and production.
Microfluidic applications require small
channels with fine features and tight
tolerances at high resolution.

14. Applications
1. Medical Devices
2. Electronics
3. Microfluidics
4. Micro Mechanical Devices
5. Education / Research

15. Medical Devices
Traditionally, micro injection molding or CNC machining have been
used to produce very small parts.
Issues with these methods include:
● Tooling turnaround times can be long
● Tooling costs are significant
BMF’s projection micro stereolithography (PμSL) technology:
● Prints small parts rapidly, in biomedical plastics, and with 2
μm resolution and +/- 10 μm accuracy at scale
● Reduces the amount of assembly steps for manufacturers
● Facilitates medical device designs for improved deployment
and removal
● Supports product designs that speed assembly