Unit 2 mtct and prevention strategies
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The document discusses factors that increase mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and strategies to reduce transmission. It states that MTCT can occur during pregnancy, labor and delivery, or postnatally through breastfeeding. Factors that increase risk include high maternal viral load, low CD4 count, advanced HIV disease, STIs, and certain delivery factors. The four key elements for prevention are preventing HIV infection in women, preventing unintended pregnancies in HIV-infected women, preventing transmission from mother to infant, and supporting mothers and families.
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more incurable STIs occur each year among women worldwide and that
Non-sexually-transmitted RTIs are even more common. Failure to diagnose
and treat STIs/RTIs at an early stage may result into serious complications
and consequences including infertility, fetal wastage, ectopic pregnancy,
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in communities. STIs/ RTIs also have negative socio economic impact that
include, increase cost for health service, relationship/ marriage problems
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Strategies to prevent vertical transmission of hiv
Vertical transmission is major contributor- HIV among children
No intervention – as high as 45%
With interventions – as low as less than 5%
Minimal manipulation
NVD vs. C-section
Anti retroviral prophylaxis vs. anti retroviral therapy
Exclusive breastfeeding vs. exclusive replacement feeding
Follow-up and care.
Pediatric HIV.pdf
1. 27 million people globally were accessing antiretroviral therapy in 2021, representing 75% of all people living with HIV. There were 37.7 million people living with HIV globally in 2021, a 21% increase from 2010. 1.5 million people became newly infected with HIV in 2021.
2. In India, there were an estimated 23 lakh people living with HIV nationally in 2021. Approximately 57,550 new HIV infections occurred in 2021, representing a 48% decrease from 2010. Around 51,000 people died of AIDS-related illnesses in India in 2021.
3. Key data on HIV in India in 2021 include: prevalence of 0.67% among 15-49 year olds,
HIV IN PREGNANCY.pptx
This document discusses HIV/AIDS in pregnancy and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in Nigeria. It provides statistics on the burden of HIV in Nigeria and describes the primary mode of HIV transmission as sexual contact. It then focuses on mother-to-child transmission, risk factors that increase transmission during pregnancy and delivery, and the benefits of PMTCT for both mother and infant. It also outlines recommended testing, treatment and prevention strategies used in PMTCT programs.
Quality maternal health care services
This document provides an orientation on quality maternal health care services in Myanmar. It discusses the global and national situations regarding pregnancy and childbirth, highlighting key maternal and neonatal mortality statistics. It outlines Myanmar's progress toward achieving Millennium Development Goals related to improving maternal health. The document defines essential reproductive health services, including safe motherhood, post-abortion care, birth spacing, sexually transmitted infections/HIV, and adolescent reproductive health. It emphasizes the need for skilled birth attendance and emergency obstetric care to reduce maternal and newborn deaths. The document also discusses focused antenatal care and the basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care services required.
Similar to Unit 2 mtct and prevention strategies (20)
Philadelphia HIV Fetal Infant Mortality Review (FIMR)
Philadelphia HIV Fetal Infant Mortality Review (FIMR)
Session-16-HIV-and-Replacement-Feeding-revised-2012.ppt
Session-16-HIV-and-Replacement-Feeding-revised-2012.ppt
PRINCIPLES of antenatal And Preconception Kenya.pptx
PRINCIPLES of antenatal And Preconception Kenya.pptx
Eliminating Pediatric HIV/AIDS and Caring for Children with HIV
Eliminating Pediatric HIV/AIDS and Caring for Children with HIV
Use of Antiretroviral Drigs for Treating Pregnant Women and Preventing HIV In...
Use of Antiretroviral Drigs for Treating Pregnant Women and Preventing HIV In...
The journey towards making elimination of mother to child transmission a real...
The journey towards making elimination of mother to child transmission a real...
Strategies to prevent vertical transmission of hiv
Strategies to prevent vertical transmission of hiv
More from David Ngogoyo
Unit 1 hiv and reproductive health
HIV and AIDS can have significant impacts on reproductive health. It can increase the risks of maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Pregnancy can also adversely affect the course of HIV by causing declines in CD4 counts during pregnancy. Stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS discourages women from accessing important antenatal care services and prevention of mother-to-child transmission interventions that could reduce transmission risks.
Unit 1 hiv and reproductive health
HIV and AIDS can have significant impacts on reproductive health. It can increase the risks of maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Pregnancy can also adversely affect the course of HIV by causing declines in CD4 counts during pregnancy. Stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS discourages women from accessing important antenatal care services and prevention of mother-to-child transmission interventions that could reduce transmission risks.
Unit 6 infant feeding and pmtct
The document discusses infant feeding and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. It outlines national guidelines for HIV and infant feeding, including promoting exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months unless replacement feeding is acceptable, affordable, feasible, sustainable and safe. The risks and benefits of different infant feeding options like breastfeeding and replacement feeding are presented. Guidelines for counseling mothers on feeding choices and providing follow-up support are also described.
Unit 1 hiv and reproductive health
HIV and AIDS can have significant impacts on reproductive health. It can increase the risks of maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Pregnancy can also adversely affect the course of HIV by causing declines in CD4 counts during pregnancy. Stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS discourages women from accessing important antenatal care services and prevention of mother-to-child transmission interventions that could reduce transmission risks.
Unit 5 drug regimens for pmtct
The document describes various drug regimens used for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. It discusses the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prophylaxis with drugs like nevirapine and AZT to reduce transmission. Common regimens involve mothers taking antiretrovirals during late pregnancy and labor, and giving the infant prophylaxis after birth. The risks and benefits of different drug options are considered, as well as monitoring treatment to support both mother and child.
Unit 3 counseling for pmtct
The document discusses counselling and testing in the context of preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. It covers the benefits of testing, approaches to testing such as opt-in and opt-out, algorithms for using multiple rapid HIV tests, diagnosing HIV in infants exposed to HIV, and the timing of testing including pre-pregnancy, antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum. General information is also provided on confidentiality, the types of counselling given before and after testing, and working with couples to involve male partners.
Module 10 hiv and aids legal and ethical issues gsn
This document discusses the legal and ethical issues surrounding HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Kenya. It covers several key topics: the linkages between HIV/AIDS, human rights, and public health; legal and ethical issues in HIV/AIDS testing, confidentiality, and discrimination; challenges in accessing affordable ART; and the roles and responsibilities of medical practitioners in administering ART while respecting patients' legal and ethical rights. Government guidelines and international standards are relied upon in the absence of comprehensive HIV/AIDS legislation in Kenya.
Module 10 hiv-aids legal & ethical issues
This document discusses various legal and ethical issues related to HIV/AIDS, including:
1. The linkages between human rights and HIV/AIDS, noting that human rights protections are important for reducing stigma and empowering at-risk groups.
2. Issues around HIV testing, confidentiality, and the roles of criminal law, highlighting the importance of voluntary testing and informed consent.
3. Ethical considerations regarding biomedical research on HIV/AIDS and the need to balance research advancement with human subject protections.
4. Special circumstances that raise complex issues, such as providing care to victims of rape or reducing mother-to-child transmission through antiretroviral treatment.
Module 9 adherence & psychosocial counselling
The document discusses adherence counseling for antiretroviral (ART) treatment. It defines adherence and describes how at least 95% adherence is needed to suppress viral loads and avoid resistance. Barriers to adherence like socioeconomic factors, mental health issues, and stigma are discussed. Effective counseling techniques are described to help patients overcome barriers, integrate medications into daily routines, and promote family support to improve long-term adherence.
Module 7 prevention of hiv
This document outlines various strategies for preventing HIV infection. It discusses biological, social, and occupational risk factors for HIV transmission and then describes several prevention strategies including voluntary counseling and testing (VCT), prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), STI diagnosis and treatment, condom promotion, blood safety, harm reduction programs for intravenous drug users, advocacy, behavior change communication, and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). The overall goal is to reduce transmission by addressing risk factors and implementing multiple evidence-based prevention approaches.
Module 5 comprehensive care gsn
The document discusses comprehensive care for patients with HIV/AIDS, which should address physical, social, psychological/emotional, and spiritual needs. It emphasizes treating the whole person by considering their relationships and involving family/friends on a multi-disciplinary care team. The team should provide medical care, counseling, social support, rehabilitation, palliative care, and involve community services and support groups.
Module 8 nutrition and hiv 2
This document discusses the relationship between nutrition and HIV/AIDS, the goals and strategies for proper nutrition for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), their specific nutrient requirements, and how to manage AIDS-related symptoms and medication interactions through diet. The key points are:
1) Proper nutrition is important for PLWHA to maintain a strong immune system and delay the progression of HIV to AIDS. Their diets need to provide adequate energy, protein, fat, vitamins and minerals.
2) Nutrient requirements vary depending on disease stage but aim to prevent weight loss, malnutrition and related complications. Small, frequent meals and nutrient-dense snacks can help meet higher calorie and protein needs.
3) Diet
Module 4 hiv infection & art in children
This document provides an overview of managing HIV infected children. It covers the epidemiology and transmission of HIV in children, the natural progression of disease, diagnosis and staging, prevention and treatment of common HIV conditions, and antiretroviral therapy for children. Key points include mother-to-child transmission being the most common mode of transmission, diagnostic criteria involving virologic tests for children under 18 months and antibody tests after 18 months, and natural history patterns including rapid, intermediate, and slow disease progression in African children.
Participants workbook
This document provides instructions and case studies for trainees to practice completing comprehensive care clinic patient cards. The case studies describe two patients' visits to care clinics, including their medical history, test results, treatment, and progress. Trainees are asked to use the information from the case studies to fill out blank patient cards. They may find that some information is missing or extra from what is needed on the cards. The goal is to practice accurately documenting patient information for reporting and monitoring purposes.
Participants notes
The documents provide training materials for participants on Kenya's antiretroviral therapy (ART) program and data collection system. The training covers:
1) Background on Kenya's ART program and scale-up goals, challenges in providing treatment, and objectives of monitoring and evaluation.
2) Modules on collecting ART data through registers, cards, and reporting forms, and how the data flows through the system.
3) Calculation and interpretation of ART indicators to monitor program accessibility, success, support areas, and detect drug resistance.
The materials aim to familiarize participants with Kenya's national ART monitoring system and how to record and report patient data to track program performance.
Indicators manual
This document contains indicators and definitions for monitoring antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs in Kenya. It provides details on 14 indicators for tracking things like the entry points of patients enrolled in comprehensive HIV care, the percentage of positive patients referred from voluntary counseling and testing who register for care, and numbers of patients eligible for and starting ART. The goal is to monitor patient flows and identify areas where counseling, referral, and initiation of treatment can be improved to ensure all HIV-positive patients receive appropriate care and treatment.
Facilitators workbook
1. Use the pre-ART and ART registers to fill out measures on the monthly summary sheet, including the number of new patients enrolled in HIV care, cumulative patients ever enrolled, patients eligible but not started on ART, and patients started on ART or PEP this month.
2. The number of patients eligible but not started on ART is found by counting those in the pre-ART register with an eligibility date but no ART start date.
3. The number currently on ARVs is found by counting patients in the ART register with an ARV regimen listed for the terminal month.
4.
Facilitators guide
The HIV/AIDS situation in Kenya is serious. [1] Approximately 1 million Kenyans are currently living with HIV/AIDS out of the total population of 32 million. [2] It is estimated that 100,000 new adult infections and 30,000 new child infections occur annually. [3] HIV prevalence varies significantly by region, from 1% in North Eastern province to 15% in Nyanza province.
Data reconstruction using hmis tools
The document outlines the process, challenges, and successes of reconstructing patient data using HMIS tools at a health site in Dandora, Kenya. Key steps in the process included assigning unique identifiers to active and inactive patients, entering patients into pre-ART and ART registers, and collecting monthly and cohort data. Challenges included unavailable patient data, conflicting sources, increased workload, and lack of personnel. Successes were having a unified register, accuracy, clarity, and accessible data. The way forward is replicating the tools nationwide and creating linkages between sites.
More from David Ngogoyo (20)
Module 10 hiv and aids legal and ethical issues gsn
Module 10 hiv and aids legal and ethical issues gsn
Unit 2 mtct and prevention strategies
- 1. Factors that increase transmission and strategies to reduce transmission
- 4. Timing of transmission 30-40% 25-35% 15-30% Total 5-10% 5-10% 5-10% 1-5% Postpartum Early (1 st 2 months Late (After 2 months) 10-20% 10-20% 10-20% Intra partum 5-10% 5-10% 5-10% Intrauterine 18-24 months BF 6 months BF No BF
- 8. Four- Elements for Perinatal HIV Prevention Prevention of HIV in women, especially young women Prevention of unintended pregnancies in HIV-infected women Prevention of transmission from an HIV-infected woman to her infant Support for mother and family Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4