This document provides an overview of search engines and how people use them. It discusses the mission of search engines to provide relevant results, the major players and their market shares. It examines the different types of human search goals and how intent is determined. Eye tracking and click data are presented to show how users scan and interact with search engine results pages. The roles of natural and paid search results are explored, as well as how search drives online and offline commerce.
The document discusses POPSI (Postulate-based Permuted Subject Index), a family of string indexing systems developed by Ganesh Bhattacharya based on Ranganathan's theory of classification. It describes the basic version of POPSI which uses a simple KWOC-like rule for index string generation and the steps involved in generating index entries in a systematic manner using POPSI. Examples are provided to illustrate how different punctuation marks are used to denote entity, property, process, qualifying sub segments, and narrower terms in the index entries.
This document discusses different types of search engines. It describes web-based search engines which search the internet, and system-based search engines which search files on a user's computer. The main types of web-based search engines discussed are crawler-based engines like Google which use bots to index webpages, directory-based engines like Yahoo which use human editors to categorize sites, and hybrid engines that combine both approaches. Other types discussed include meta search engines, paid inclusion, and specialty search engines for specific topics.
The document provides an introduction to Dublin Core metadata, including:
1) Dublin Core is a set of metadata standards including 15 simple elements and over 50 qualified elements for describing resources.
2) Dublin Core metadata can be used to improve resource discovery and is recommended for metadata harvesting and the semantic web.
3) Custom mappings can be made from other metadata standards like LOM to the Dublin Core Abstract Model to make metadata interoperable.
This document discusses the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on libraries and librarians. It notes that ICT has changed libraries by making information digital, enabling online access and resource sharing, and shifting users from physical to digital access. This has impacted librarian roles and required new skills in ICT. The document outlines how libraries must integrate ICT and train librarians in its use to remain relevant information centers in a digital society.
This presentations have Online educational resources for Research purpose. These are include Databases, Thesis & Dissertations, E-Journals, Social networks etc.
This document discusses various technologies and tools for providing remote access to library resources, including Ezproxy, Shibboleth, OpenAthens, and RemoteXs. It defines remote access as allowing library users to access subscribed electronic resources like e-journals, e-books, and databases from anywhere at any time. It describes how these tools use protocols like SAML, URL rewriting, and tunneling to authenticate users and allow secure off-campus access to licensed library materials. Rules for responsible use of remote access services are also outlined.
Google search tips include:
- Using double quotes to search for an exact phrase
- Adding a plus sign to enforce required words
- Using a minus sign to exclude unwanted words
- Adding "site:" to search only a specific website
- Using a tilde before a word to include similar words or synonyms
- Specifying a document type like "filetype:ppt" to find only PowerPoint files
- Using "OR" to find results that include either term
- Entering calculations directly into Google to get the answer
- Using "define:" to look up a word definition
The document discusses Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). It provides 3 key points:
1. LCSH was first published in 1914 and provides controlled vocabulary for cataloging library collections. Subject headings serve as access points.
2. LCSH guidelines cover choosing between synonyms, spelling variations, scientific vs popular terms, and obsolete vs current terms.
3. There are two main types of headings - topical and name headings. Headings can be subdivided geographically, by form, chronologically, or by topic to further specify the subject. Consistent use of LCSH provides useful access for library users.
The document discusses POPSI (Postulate-based Permuted Subject Index), a family of string indexing systems developed by Ganesh Bhattacharya based on Ranganathan's theory of classification. It describes the basic version of POPSI which uses a simple KWOC-like rule for index string generation and the steps involved in generating index entries in a systematic manner using POPSI. Examples are provided to illustrate how different punctuation marks are used to denote entity, property, process, qualifying sub segments, and narrower terms in the index entries.
This document discusses different types of search engines. It describes web-based search engines which search the internet, and system-based search engines which search files on a user's computer. The main types of web-based search engines discussed are crawler-based engines like Google which use bots to index webpages, directory-based engines like Yahoo which use human editors to categorize sites, and hybrid engines that combine both approaches. Other types discussed include meta search engines, paid inclusion, and specialty search engines for specific topics.
The document provides an introduction to Dublin Core metadata, including:
1) Dublin Core is a set of metadata standards including 15 simple elements and over 50 qualified elements for describing resources.
2) Dublin Core metadata can be used to improve resource discovery and is recommended for metadata harvesting and the semantic web.
3) Custom mappings can be made from other metadata standards like LOM to the Dublin Core Abstract Model to make metadata interoperable.
This document discusses the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on libraries and librarians. It notes that ICT has changed libraries by making information digital, enabling online access and resource sharing, and shifting users from physical to digital access. This has impacted librarian roles and required new skills in ICT. The document outlines how libraries must integrate ICT and train librarians in its use to remain relevant information centers in a digital society.
This presentations have Online educational resources for Research purpose. These are include Databases, Thesis & Dissertations, E-Journals, Social networks etc.
This document discusses various technologies and tools for providing remote access to library resources, including Ezproxy, Shibboleth, OpenAthens, and RemoteXs. It defines remote access as allowing library users to access subscribed electronic resources like e-journals, e-books, and databases from anywhere at any time. It describes how these tools use protocols like SAML, URL rewriting, and tunneling to authenticate users and allow secure off-campus access to licensed library materials. Rules for responsible use of remote access services are also outlined.
Google search tips include:
- Using double quotes to search for an exact phrase
- Adding a plus sign to enforce required words
- Using a minus sign to exclude unwanted words
- Adding "site:" to search only a specific website
- Using a tilde before a word to include similar words or synonyms
- Specifying a document type like "filetype:ppt" to find only PowerPoint files
- Using "OR" to find results that include either term
- Entering calculations directly into Google to get the answer
- Using "define:" to look up a word definition
The document discusses Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). It provides 3 key points:
1. LCSH was first published in 1914 and provides controlled vocabulary for cataloging library collections. Subject headings serve as access points.
2. LCSH guidelines cover choosing between synonyms, spelling variations, scientific vs popular terms, and obsolete vs current terms.
3. There are two main types of headings - topical and name headings. Headings can be subdivided geographically, by form, chronologically, or by topic to further specify the subject. Consistent use of LCSH provides useful access for library users.
The document discusses criteria for evaluating search engines, including recall, precision, novelty/up-to-datedness, search time, database, relevancy, indexing, user interface, query functionality, and help/advanced search options. Recall is defined as the fraction of relevant search results retrieved from the database, and precision is the fraction of retrieved results that are relevant. High recall and precision are important for search engines. Other factors like indexing speed, up-to-datedness of the database, relevancy algorithms, user experience, and support functions also impact search engine quality.
The document discusses e-resource sharing through library consortia in India, specifically the N-LIST program. It provides background on e-resources and defines library consortia as collaborative efforts to acquire access to databases, e-journals, and e-books. N-LIST is a major consortium run by two large Indian groups that provides access to over 6000 e-journals and 92,000 e-books. The document also describes a study conducted that examined the accessibility and use of N-LIST services by teaching faculty at colleges affiliated with the University of Mumbai. It discusses the methodology, findings which showed high use of resources like EPW but low use of training and e-books. Suggestions are made to improve skills and
This presentation introduces cryptocurrency. It provides definitions of cryptocurrency as a digital currency used as a medium of exchange through cryptography. It discusses the purpose of cryptocurrency and characteristics like algorithms, trading methods, market capitalization and daily trading volume. It also outlines how cryptocurrency works through mining, provides examples of top cryptocurrencies in 2018, and discusses benefits like ease of use but also disadvantages like volatility. Finally, it explains why Bangladesh Bank has banned cryptocurrency due to risks of anonymous online transactions violating financial acts.
The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative began in 1994 to develop a core set of metadata semantics for describing and searching resources on the web. It consists of 15 basic metadata elements such as title, creator, and description. Dublin Core records can be expressed using XML and the Resource Description Framework (RDF), representing relationships between resources with subject-predicate-object triples. The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative maintains guidelines and models to define implementation of Dublin Core metadata.
The document provides an overview of the history and components of the internet and world wide web. It discusses how the ARPANET project in 1969 laid the foundations for the internet by allowing scientists to share information. It then summarizes the growth of the internet from 4 nodes in 1969 to over 500 million hosts today. The document also defines the world wide web and its key elements like web browsers, web servers, hyperlinks, and search engines. It provides a brief history of the development of the world wide web from Tim Berners-Lee's creation at CERN in the 1980s to the release of the Mosaic web browser in 1993 which popularized accessing the internet.
The document provides information about the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA). IFLA is the leading international body for libraries and information services. It works to support libraries and promote international cooperation between libraries. The document outlines IFLA's history, leadership structure, objectives, activities, membership options and costs, annual conferences, awards, publications, and standards.
A presentation on Digital Library Architecture (components of digital library) by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India.
This document provides tips and sample answers for common interview questions for a librarian position. It discusses how to answer questions about yourself, your strengths, reasons for leaving previous jobs, weaknesses, knowledge of the organization, and ways you have improved your skills in the last year. For each question, it offers steps and guidelines to provide well-structured, persuasive responses that highlight your relevant qualifications and experience. Sample answers are provided for illustrative purposes.
Impact of Social Networking /Web 2.0 features in Library Management SoftwareSaptarshi Ghosh
Web 2.0 describes World Wide Web websites that emphasize user-generated content, usability (ease of use, even by non-experts), and interoperability (this means that a website can work well with other products, systems and devices) for end users. The term was popularized by Tim O'Reilly. Social networking sites like facebook, twitter, etc. are result of web 2.0.
This document provides an overview of describing microforms and manuscripts according to AACR2 and DACS standards. It discusses what is being described for microforms, originals vs. reproductions, using the 007 field, and following rules in chapters 11 and 4 of AACR2. For manuscripts, it outlines using information sources and titles, dates, physical description, and notes as specified in AACR2 chapter 4. The document also introduces DACS for describing archival materials and collections, outlining its identity, content, condition, and related elements.
This document provides an overview of search engines. It defines search engines as web tools that help users locate information on the World Wide Web through automated software programs called spiders that traverse websites and index their content. The document then discusses the history of search engines from early tools like Archie to modern engines like Google. It also covers the importance of search engines, different types like crawler-based and meta search engines, and how to effectively use search operators.
Categories of user and their information needs2Aparna Sane
This document discusses different ways to categorize users of information systems based on factors like the type of institution they belong to, their demographics, roles, and information needs. It outlines categories of users according to libraries, characteristics, theorists like Ranganathan and Kunz, as well as types of information needs defined by models from Voigt, Menzel, Gorman, Taylor, and Whittaker. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding user diversity in skills, knowledge and needs in order to best serve them and connect them to relevant information.
Design and development of subject gateways with special reference to lisgatewaykmusthu
The document discusses several subject gateways including:
- The Archaeology Data Service which supports research in archaeology by preserving digital data and promoting resources.
- AERADE which provided quality resources on aerospace and defense indexed by subject specialists from Cranfield University.
- Biz/ed which provides free online learning materials for business, economics, and related fields.
- Eldis which aims to share development knowledge and evidence-based research.
- Infolaw which provides legal forms, precedents and publishing services for law firms and legal professionals.
- The National Library of Australia's PADI initiative which aims to ensure long-term access to digital information through strategies, guidelines and a subject gateway website.
Bibliographic control and library automation have evolved significantly over time. Standardized formats like MARC have facilitated processing and cataloging workflows. The Library of Congress and bibliographic utilities like OCLC have played key roles in developing shared bibliographic databases and standards. While some libraries conduct original cataloging, many engage in copy cataloging and leverage records from these central sources. Centralized and cooperative approaches help improve efficiency.
The document discusses Ranganathan's classified catalogue. It describes the main components of a classified catalogue entry including the leading section, heading section, title section, note section, and accession number section. It also describes the different types of added entries that can be included in a classified catalogue such as cross reference entries, class index entries, book index entries, series index entries, and cross reference index entries. These added entries help provide access points to satisfy the various needs of readers.
Definición y finalidades de los servicios de referencia. Diferencia entre Servicio de
Referencia SR y Servicio de Información Bibliográfica SRI, instrumentos, instalaciones, fondos, servicios de referencia virtuales.
The document discusses the concept of information literacy in various contexts. It defines information literacy and related terms. It discusses the needs and purpose of information literacy programs in the changing education system and with the growth of digital information. Finally, it examines the role of information literacy in society, work, education, health and well-being.
This document discusses electronic resource management (ERM) tools and databases, their procurement, usage, and challenges in law libraries. It begins by outlining the expected outcomes of learning about ERM definitions, types, procurement processes, proprietary and open access databases for legal research, and challenges. It then defines ERM, describes various types of ERM like MARC, databases, and institutional repositories. It discusses ERM workflows, acquisition processes, policies, proprietary and open access databases. Finally, it addresses usage statistics, user preferences for print, technical difficulties, budget constraints, and increased resources and user expectations as challenges in ERM.
This document defines key concepts related to cataloguing in libraries. It discusses that a library catalogue is a list of all documents held by a library, arranged systematically. The process of cataloguing involves examining documents and creating records that include descriptive information and subject headings. The person who creates the catalogue records is called a cataloguer. The primary purpose of a library catalogue is to allow users and staff to retrieve and discover all holdings in a library related to their topic of interest.
WARSE-IJMA -Vol4, Iss.1, PP.6-10 Circular-rectangular Microstrip Antenna by S...SHILPA K JOSE
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a modified circular-rectangular microstrip patch antenna design that can operate at three different frequencies - 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 5.5 GHz. The antenna design uses a circular patch for the 2.4 GHz band and a rectangular patch inside the circular patch for the 5.5 GHz band. Connecting strips between the two patches allow it to also operate at 5 GHz. Parametric analyses are performed to optimize the design by varying parameters like the number/width of connecting strips and substrate thickness. The final optimized design with four 1.5mm wide strips and 0.8mm substrate thickness shows return losses less than -12.5 dB across the three bands
El documento describe los diferentes tipos de redes de computadoras, incluyendo redes LAN, MAN, WAN y PAN. También describe las diferentes topologías de red como malla, estrella, árbol, bus y anillo. Finalmente, explica los componentes clave de una red como cables, tarjetas de interfaz de red, servidores, protocolos TCP/IP e IPX/SPX y diferentes tipos de cables utilizados en las redes.
The document discusses criteria for evaluating search engines, including recall, precision, novelty/up-to-datedness, search time, database, relevancy, indexing, user interface, query functionality, and help/advanced search options. Recall is defined as the fraction of relevant search results retrieved from the database, and precision is the fraction of retrieved results that are relevant. High recall and precision are important for search engines. Other factors like indexing speed, up-to-datedness of the database, relevancy algorithms, user experience, and support functions also impact search engine quality.
The document discusses e-resource sharing through library consortia in India, specifically the N-LIST program. It provides background on e-resources and defines library consortia as collaborative efforts to acquire access to databases, e-journals, and e-books. N-LIST is a major consortium run by two large Indian groups that provides access to over 6000 e-journals and 92,000 e-books. The document also describes a study conducted that examined the accessibility and use of N-LIST services by teaching faculty at colleges affiliated with the University of Mumbai. It discusses the methodology, findings which showed high use of resources like EPW but low use of training and e-books. Suggestions are made to improve skills and
This presentation introduces cryptocurrency. It provides definitions of cryptocurrency as a digital currency used as a medium of exchange through cryptography. It discusses the purpose of cryptocurrency and characteristics like algorithms, trading methods, market capitalization and daily trading volume. It also outlines how cryptocurrency works through mining, provides examples of top cryptocurrencies in 2018, and discusses benefits like ease of use but also disadvantages like volatility. Finally, it explains why Bangladesh Bank has banned cryptocurrency due to risks of anonymous online transactions violating financial acts.
The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative began in 1994 to develop a core set of metadata semantics for describing and searching resources on the web. It consists of 15 basic metadata elements such as title, creator, and description. Dublin Core records can be expressed using XML and the Resource Description Framework (RDF), representing relationships between resources with subject-predicate-object triples. The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative maintains guidelines and models to define implementation of Dublin Core metadata.
The document provides an overview of the history and components of the internet and world wide web. It discusses how the ARPANET project in 1969 laid the foundations for the internet by allowing scientists to share information. It then summarizes the growth of the internet from 4 nodes in 1969 to over 500 million hosts today. The document also defines the world wide web and its key elements like web browsers, web servers, hyperlinks, and search engines. It provides a brief history of the development of the world wide web from Tim Berners-Lee's creation at CERN in the 1980s to the release of the Mosaic web browser in 1993 which popularized accessing the internet.
The document provides information about the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA). IFLA is the leading international body for libraries and information services. It works to support libraries and promote international cooperation between libraries. The document outlines IFLA's history, leadership structure, objectives, activities, membership options and costs, annual conferences, awards, publications, and standards.
A presentation on Digital Library Architecture (components of digital library) by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India.
This document provides tips and sample answers for common interview questions for a librarian position. It discusses how to answer questions about yourself, your strengths, reasons for leaving previous jobs, weaknesses, knowledge of the organization, and ways you have improved your skills in the last year. For each question, it offers steps and guidelines to provide well-structured, persuasive responses that highlight your relevant qualifications and experience. Sample answers are provided for illustrative purposes.
Impact of Social Networking /Web 2.0 features in Library Management SoftwareSaptarshi Ghosh
Web 2.0 describes World Wide Web websites that emphasize user-generated content, usability (ease of use, even by non-experts), and interoperability (this means that a website can work well with other products, systems and devices) for end users. The term was popularized by Tim O'Reilly. Social networking sites like facebook, twitter, etc. are result of web 2.0.
This document provides an overview of describing microforms and manuscripts according to AACR2 and DACS standards. It discusses what is being described for microforms, originals vs. reproductions, using the 007 field, and following rules in chapters 11 and 4 of AACR2. For manuscripts, it outlines using information sources and titles, dates, physical description, and notes as specified in AACR2 chapter 4. The document also introduces DACS for describing archival materials and collections, outlining its identity, content, condition, and related elements.
This document provides an overview of search engines. It defines search engines as web tools that help users locate information on the World Wide Web through automated software programs called spiders that traverse websites and index their content. The document then discusses the history of search engines from early tools like Archie to modern engines like Google. It also covers the importance of search engines, different types like crawler-based and meta search engines, and how to effectively use search operators.
Categories of user and their information needs2Aparna Sane
This document discusses different ways to categorize users of information systems based on factors like the type of institution they belong to, their demographics, roles, and information needs. It outlines categories of users according to libraries, characteristics, theorists like Ranganathan and Kunz, as well as types of information needs defined by models from Voigt, Menzel, Gorman, Taylor, and Whittaker. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding user diversity in skills, knowledge and needs in order to best serve them and connect them to relevant information.
Design and development of subject gateways with special reference to lisgatewaykmusthu
The document discusses several subject gateways including:
- The Archaeology Data Service which supports research in archaeology by preserving digital data and promoting resources.
- AERADE which provided quality resources on aerospace and defense indexed by subject specialists from Cranfield University.
- Biz/ed which provides free online learning materials for business, economics, and related fields.
- Eldis which aims to share development knowledge and evidence-based research.
- Infolaw which provides legal forms, precedents and publishing services for law firms and legal professionals.
- The National Library of Australia's PADI initiative which aims to ensure long-term access to digital information through strategies, guidelines and a subject gateway website.
Bibliographic control and library automation have evolved significantly over time. Standardized formats like MARC have facilitated processing and cataloging workflows. The Library of Congress and bibliographic utilities like OCLC have played key roles in developing shared bibliographic databases and standards. While some libraries conduct original cataloging, many engage in copy cataloging and leverage records from these central sources. Centralized and cooperative approaches help improve efficiency.
The document discusses Ranganathan's classified catalogue. It describes the main components of a classified catalogue entry including the leading section, heading section, title section, note section, and accession number section. It also describes the different types of added entries that can be included in a classified catalogue such as cross reference entries, class index entries, book index entries, series index entries, and cross reference index entries. These added entries help provide access points to satisfy the various needs of readers.
Definición y finalidades de los servicios de referencia. Diferencia entre Servicio de
Referencia SR y Servicio de Información Bibliográfica SRI, instrumentos, instalaciones, fondos, servicios de referencia virtuales.
The document discusses the concept of information literacy in various contexts. It defines information literacy and related terms. It discusses the needs and purpose of information literacy programs in the changing education system and with the growth of digital information. Finally, it examines the role of information literacy in society, work, education, health and well-being.
This document discusses electronic resource management (ERM) tools and databases, their procurement, usage, and challenges in law libraries. It begins by outlining the expected outcomes of learning about ERM definitions, types, procurement processes, proprietary and open access databases for legal research, and challenges. It then defines ERM, describes various types of ERM like MARC, databases, and institutional repositories. It discusses ERM workflows, acquisition processes, policies, proprietary and open access databases. Finally, it addresses usage statistics, user preferences for print, technical difficulties, budget constraints, and increased resources and user expectations as challenges in ERM.
This document defines key concepts related to cataloguing in libraries. It discusses that a library catalogue is a list of all documents held by a library, arranged systematically. The process of cataloguing involves examining documents and creating records that include descriptive information and subject headings. The person who creates the catalogue records is called a cataloguer. The primary purpose of a library catalogue is to allow users and staff to retrieve and discover all holdings in a library related to their topic of interest.
WARSE-IJMA -Vol4, Iss.1, PP.6-10 Circular-rectangular Microstrip Antenna by S...SHILPA K JOSE
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a modified circular-rectangular microstrip patch antenna design that can operate at three different frequencies - 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 5.5 GHz. The antenna design uses a circular patch for the 2.4 GHz band and a rectangular patch inside the circular patch for the 5.5 GHz band. Connecting strips between the two patches allow it to also operate at 5 GHz. Parametric analyses are performed to optimize the design by varying parameters like the number/width of connecting strips and substrate thickness. The final optimized design with four 1.5mm wide strips and 0.8mm substrate thickness shows return losses less than -12.5 dB across the three bands
El documento describe los diferentes tipos de redes de computadoras, incluyendo redes LAN, MAN, WAN y PAN. También describe las diferentes topologías de red como malla, estrella, árbol, bus y anillo. Finalmente, explica los componentes clave de una red como cables, tarjetas de interfaz de red, servidores, protocolos TCP/IP e IPX/SPX y diferentes tipos de cables utilizados en las redes.
This resume is for Nguyen Thanh Trung, who has over 20 years of experience in production management and quality assurance roles. He is currently a Quality Assurance Manager at Hanesbrands Vietnam, where he has worked since 2008. Prior to that, he held production management roles at other textile companies in Vietnam. His experience includes setting up quality management systems, achieving production targets, implementing continuous improvement processes, and developing employees.
Innovo Networks is a communications and solutions provider that helps businesses transform their IT operations through custom integration solutions in order to keep their operations agile. They work with leading technology providers around the world to design highly customized solutions. Their approach focuses on understanding the client's business needs and tailoring integration services accordingly. Innovo Networks can help with infrastructure selection, planning, design, delivery, risk management and more to define a business and technology transformation program and potential return on investment. Their goal is to deliver measurable outcomes that help clients improve their business through technology and innovation.
Learn English with me! Watch this presentation to learn four different ways to say "hello". This is a good way to start a conversation in English.
Visit my website: www.quickenglishonline.com for more help with English.
La psicoterapia Gestalt es un enfoque holístico que percibe a los seres vivos como totalidades. Se basa en la fenomenología, la psicología de la Gestalt y otras corrientes. Su concepto clave es el "darse cuenta", que implica estar consciente del mundo interior y exterior en el presente. Cambia el "por qué" por el "cómo" para enfocarse en la comprensión del aquí y ahora. Usa reglas como prestar atención al presente, asumir la responsabilidad del lenguaje y evitar interpretar a los
Dual Mode Dual Band pass Filter Using Circular Patch Antenna.Aishwary Singh
This document summarizes a presentation on dual band circular microstrip patch antennas. It begins with an overview of antennas, microstrip patch antennas, feeding techniques, advantages and disadvantages. It then discusses the basics of how microstrip patch antennas operate as resonant cavities. Various shapes and feeding methods are described. Design parameters that affect performance are listed. Applications include wireless LANs, GPS, and satellite communications. The document concludes by discussing the design of a dual band circular microstrip patch antenna with a T-shaped slot and references.
The document discusses mathematical modeling of mechanical systems, including rotational motion with gears, gear trains, and electromechanical systems. It covers modeling assumptions, system components, torque-speed curves, and linearization techniques. Specifically, it describes linearizing nonlinear systems by finding the nonlinear component, equilibrium point, and using Taylor series expansion to analyze the linearized system for small signal inputs approaching zero.
1. Sound is a longitudinal mechanical wave that propagates through a medium such as air or water by compressions and rarefactions which create regions of high and low pressure.
2. The document discusses several properties of sound waves including that frequency determines pitch, amplitude determines loudness, and speed depends on the properties of the medium.
3. Wave interference and phenomena like resonance, standing waves, and the Doppler effect are also covered as they relate to the nature and perception of sound waves.
O documento descreve as principais formas de representação da Terra, incluindo globos, mapas, ortofotomapas, imagens de satélite e fotografia aérea. Também classifica os mapas de acordo com sua extensão, tema, escala e número de temas representados. Por fim, discute as vantagens e desvantagens das formas de representação da Terra.
The document discusses different aspects of sound including how it is produced, how it travels, and how the human ear perceives it. It defines sound as a mechanical wave that is an oscillation of pressure transmitted through a medium composed of frequencies within the range of human hearing. It describes that sound is produced by vibration and travels in waves, pushing and pulling on particles in the transmission medium. The human ear detects these pressure variations and converts them into electrical signals that are sent to the brain.
A professional PPC and SEO company, specialising in Pay Per Click Management, Search Engine Optimisation & Social Media Optimisation. We make your ROI our focus & provide a tailored Search Engine Marketing solution for all.
SEO & Content Together. How SEO can help to improve your content strategy and get maximum ROI via search engine & branding. How to get branded content on top rank in search engines? How to create intent-based content to get maximum ROI?
Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is a step by step process of improving the visibility and quality of a web page or a website for the users on a web search engine.
Digital marketing has made international trade easier by allowing companies to connect with new customers globally through digital channels. This document outlines a course on digital marketing for international trade that will teach students to identify different digital marketing channels and terms, and conduct practical exercises in target marketing, keyword research, and identifying influencers and communities. It defines digital marketing and its objectives of reaching the right audience and motivating action. It also contrasts traditional marketing with digital marketing and lists common digital marketing channels and tools.
Web Analytics Training Day was hosted by Andy Atkins, an internet marketer with over 10 years of experience. The objectives of the training were to understand web analytics and how to use the data to focus business growth efforts. The agenda covered what web analytics are, why they are useful, site-focused and market-focused analytics, and how to use analytics packages. Attendees learned about Google Analytics, browser plugins for quick snapshots, and paid SEO software for more robust competitor and keyword data analysis over time. The training emphasized using analytics tools relevant to business objectives and not being afraid to pay for the right tools.
SEO Keyword Research and Content MappingVivastream
This document provides information and best practices for search engine optimization (SEO) keyword research and content mapping. It discusses generating keyword matrices to understand related keywords and demand. It also covers mapping keywords to relevant pages on a site and prioritizing keywords. The document recommends tools for additional keyword research and outlines fundamentals of SEO, including ensuring a site's indexability, relevance, authority and clickability.
The document provides an agenda for a web analytics training day. The objectives are to understand web analytics and how to use analytics tools to understand website visitors and enhance online performance. The agenda includes explaining what web analytics are, why they are useful, demonstrating site-focused and market-focused analytics tools like Google Analytics, browser plugins and SEO analytics software, and how to use analytics packages. Practical exercises are also included to allow participants to apply the concepts.
This document discusses how digital marketing can help musicians, dancers, and other creative professionals take their talents global online. It provides an overview of trends like internet and smartphone usage growth. It then discusses various digital marketing strategies and tactics someone can use to promote their business or skills online, including websites, social media, email marketing, search engine optimization, search engine advertising, and local marketing. The key benefits mentioned are increasing reach, brand communication, traffic generation, and getting sales leads or conversions. Resources for learning more about digital marketing tactics are also listed.
This document provides an overview of Google Analytics 101. It discusses why analytics are important, how to set up goals to define desired outcomes, and how to analyze data on acquisition sources, user behavior, conversions and more. The goal is to understand how visitors interact with a website and drive continual improvement through data-driven decisions.
This document provides an agenda and overview for an online marketing workshop presented by Sam Shetty in April 2013. The workshop covers various topics related to online marketing including search engine optimization (SEO), Google Analytics, pay-per-click (PPC) advertising, social media marketing, mobile websites, and conversion rate optimization. It also discusses trends in online spending in Australia, the changing consumer purchase journey, and how to focus online marketing efforts on consumer needs and goals rather than just promoting the business.
E-Commerce and Digital Marketing Wilson Lecture 1 .pptxssuser8afefa
The document provides an overview of digital marketing and e-commerce. It defines digital marketing as using online channels like content marketing, influencer marketing, SEO, social media, and online ads to promote brands and measure marketing performance. It discusses different digital marketing methods like SEO, social media marketing, content marketing, affiliate marketing, and email marketing. It also defines e-commerce as the buying and selling of products or services over the internet and different types of e-commerce transactions like B2C, B2B, C2C. Finally, it discusses search engine optimization and how it is important for websites to be properly crawled, indexed and ranked by search engines.
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2. UNIT - 1 : The Search Engines
Prepared By:
Kapadia Ruchita
(Shree Brahmanand Institute of Computer Science)
3. Topics :
3
• Mission Of Search Engine
• The market share of Search Engines
• The Human Goals of Searching
• Determining searchers Intent
• How people Search?
• How Search Engines Drive Commerce on the web?
• Eye Tracking : How User Scan Results Pages?
• Click Tracking : How Users Click on Result?
• Natural V/S paid
•
4. Introduction
4
• SEARCH HAS BECOME INTEGRATED INTO THE FABRIC OF OUR
SOCIETY.
• With more than 12 billion searches being performed each month as of
January 2009 (according to comScore), approximately 400 million web
searches are performed every day.
• This means that on average more than 4,500 searches are
performed every single second of every day.
• As Google owns approximately 65% of the search market share,
Google’s search technology handles more than 2,900 searches per
second. In addition, users have grown to expect that the responses to
their search queries will be returned in less than one second.
• Now people can obtain information in mere seconds—information that
20 years ago would have required a trip to the library, a process
that could easily have consumed two hours or more.
5. Introduction (Contd.)
5
• This dramatic shift in behaviour represents what
investors like to label a disruptive event—an
event that has changed something in a
fundamental way.
• Search engines are at the center of this disruptive
event, and having a business’s website rank well
in the search engines when people are looking for
the service, product, or resource it provides is
critical to the survival of that business.
6. The Mission of Search Engines
6
• Search engines generate revenue primarily through paid
advertising. The great majority of this revenue comes from a pay-
per-click (or cost-per-click) model, in which the advertisers
pay only for users who click on their ads.
• There are many free search engines available on the web to
search specific information. Therefore, Search Engine has
competition to develop a relevant, fast and fresh search
experience.
• As a result, search engines invest a tremendous(huge) amount of
time, energy, and capital in improving their relevance.
• This includes performing extensive studies of user
responses to their search results, comparing their results
against those of other search engines.
7. The Mission of Search Engines
• Because the search engines’ success depends on the
relevance of their search results, manipulations of
search engine rankings that result in non-relevant
results (generally referred to as spam) are dealt with
very seriously.
• Each major search engine employs a team of people
who focus solely on finding and eliminating spam from
their search results.
• This matters to SEO practitioners because they need to
be careful that the tactics they employ will not be seen
as spam by the search engines and carry the risk of
resulting in penalties for the websites they work on.
7
9. The Market Share of Search Engines
• Below Figure 1-1 shows the U.S. market share for
search engines in March 2012, according to
comScore. As you can see,Google
dominant searchengine on the Web
is the
in the
United States.
• However, in some markets Google is not
dominant. In China, for instance, Baidu is the
leading search engine.
• The result is that in most world markets, a heavy
focus on SEO is a smart strategy for Google.
9
12. The Human Goals of Searching
1
2
• The basic goal of a human searcher is to obtain information
relevant to their inquiry.
• However, searcher inquiries can take many different forms.
One of the most important elements to building an online
marketing strategy for a website around SEO and search
rankings is developing a thorough understanding of the
psychology of your target audience.
• Once you understand how the average searcher, and more
specifically, your target market, uses search engines, you
can more effectively reach and keep those users.
• Search engine usage has evolved over the years, but the
primary principles of conducting a search remain largely
unchanged.
13. Steps for Comprise Search Process
• Experience the need for an answer, solution, or piece
of information.
– For example, the user may be looking for a website
(navigational query) to buy something (transactional
query) or to learn something (informational query).
• Formulate that need in a string of words and phrases
(the query).
– Most people formulate their queries in one to three
words.
• Execute the query, check the results, see whether you
got what you wanted, and if not, try a refined query.
1
3
14. Who Searches and What Do They
Search For?
• Accordingly research made by comScore
Search engine users were slightly more likely
Women (50.4%) than Men(49.6%).
• Internet usage increases with household
income.
• All of this research data leads us to some important
conclusions about web search and marketing through
search engines.
• ComScore reported that the number of search queries
performed on the web was approximately 12.6 million
across all engines 14
15. Conclusion about Web Search
• Search is very, very popular. It reaches nearly
every online American and billions of people
around the world.
• Google is the dominant player in most world
markets.
• Users tend to use short search phrases, but
these are gradually getting longer.
• Search covers all types of markets.
15
16. Determining Searcher Intent: A Challenge for Both Marketers
and Search Engines
• Smart SEO practitioners and the search engines have a
common goal of providing searchers with results that are
relevant to their queries.
• Therefore, a crucial element to building an online
marketing strategy around SEO and search rankings is to
understand your audience.
• Search engine marketers need to be aware that search
engines are tools—resources driven by intent.
• Using the search box is fundamentally different from
entering a URL into the address bar
• Searches are performed with intent; the user wants to find
something in particular, rather than just land on it by
happenstance.
16
17. Types of Queries
17
• There is three different types of queries, their
categories, characteristics, and processes.
– Navigational Queries
– Informational Queries
– Transactional Queries
18. Navigational Queries
• Navigational searches are performed with the intent of
surfing directly to a specific website.
• In some cases, the user may not know the exact URL,
and the search engine serves as the “White Pages.”
• Opportunities: Pull searcher away from destination; get
ancillary or investigatory traffic.
• Average value: Generally low, with the exception of
navigational searches on the publisher’s own brand,
where the value is very high as these types of searches
tend to lead to very high conversion rates.
18
20. Informational Queries
20
• Informational searches involve a huge range of queries—for
example, local weather, maps and directions, details on the latest
Hollywood awards ceremony, or just checking how long that trip to
Mars really takes.
• Informational searches are primarily non-transaction-oriented
• The information itself is the goal and no interaction beyond clicking
and reading is required.
• Opportunities: Brand searchers with positive impressions of your
site, information, company, and so on; attract inbound links; receive
attention from journalists/researchers; potentially convert to sign
up or purchase.
• Average value: Middling. Note, though, that informational queries
that are focused on researching commercial products or services
can have high value.
22. Transactional Queries
22
• Transactional searches don’t necessarily
involve a credit card or wire transfer.
• Signing up for an account at eBay, creating a
Gmail account, paying a parking ticket, or
finding the best local Mexican cuisine for
dinner tonight are all transactional queries.
• Opportunities: Achieve transaction (financial
or other).
• Average value: Very high.
24. Research on Queries
24
• Research by Pennsylvania State University and the Queensland
University of Technology shows that more than 80% of searches are
informational in nature and only about 10% of searches are
navigational or transactional.
• The researchers went further and developed an algorithm to
automatically classify searches by query type. When they tested the
algorithm, they found that it was able to correctly classify queries
74% of the time.
• The difficulty in classifying the remaining queries was vague(not
clear) user intent, that is, the query could have multiple meanings.
• When you are building keyword research charts for clients or on
your own sites, it can be incredibly valuable to determine the intent
of each of your primary keywords.
25. How People Search
25
• Search engines invest significant resources into understanding how
people use search, enabling them to produce better (i.e., faster,
fresher, and more relevant) search engine results.
• For website publishers, the information regarding how people use
search can be used to help improve the usability of the site as well
as search engine compatibility.
• Data from comScore provides some great insight into what people
actually search for when they perform a search.
• This shows that people search across a very wide number of
categories.
• Search engines are used to find information in nearly every portion
of our lives.
• In addition, user interactions with search engines can be a multistep
process.
28. How Search Engines Drive Commerce on the Web
• People make use of search engines for a wide variety of
purposes, with some of the most popular being to
research, locate, and buy products.
• It is important to note that search and offline behavior
have a heavy degree of interaction, with search playing
a growing role in driving offline sales.
• A Yahoo! study from 2007 showed the following:
– Online advertising drives $6 offline (in stores) for every $1
spent online.
– Search marketing has a greater impact on in-store sales lift
than display advertising—three times greater, in fact.
28
29. How Search Engines Drive Commerce on the Web
• There is also a significant amount of interaction
between search and local offline commerce.
• WebVisible and Nielsen produced a 2007 report on
local search that noted:
– 74% of respondents used search engines to find local
business information versus 65% who turned to print
Yellow Pages, 50% who used Internet Yellow Pages, and
44% who used traditional newspapers.
– 86% surveyed said they have used the Internet to find a
local business, a rise from the 70% figure reported the year
before.
– 80% reported researching a product or service online, then
making that purchase offline from a local business.
29
30. Eye Tracking: How Users Scan Results Pages
• Research firms Enquiro, Eyetools, and Didit
conducted heat-map testing with search engine
users that produced fascinating(charming)
results about what users see and focus on
when engaged in search activity.
• Figure depicts a heat map showing a test
performed on Google.
• The graphic indicates that users spent the most
amount of time focusing their eyes in the top-left
area where shading is the darkest.
30
32. Eye Tracking
• This research study also showed that different physical
positioning of on-screen search results resulted in different
user eye-tracking patterns.
• When viewing a standard Google results page, users tended
to create an “F-shaped” pattern with their eye movements
• focusing first and longest on the upper-left hand corner of
the screen;
• moving down vertically through the first two or three
results;
• moving across the page to the first paid page result; moving
down another few vertical results;
• and then moving across again to the second paid result.
32
33. Blended Search
33
• In May 2008, Google introduced the notion of Universal Search.
This was a move from simply showing the 10 most relevant web
pages (now referred to as “10 blue links”) to showing other types of
media, such as videos, images, news results, and so on, as part of
the results in the base search engine.
• The other search engines followed suit within a few months, and
the industry now refers to this general concept as Blended Search.
• Blended Search, however, creates more of a chunking effect, where
the chunks are around the various rich media objects, such as
images or video.
• Understandably, users focus on the image first. Then they look at
the text beside it to see whether it corresponds to the image or
video thumbnail
35. Blended Search – Eye Tracking
35
• Users’ eyes then tend to move in shorter paths to
the side, with the image rather than the upper-
left-corner text as their anchor.
• Note, however, that this is the case only when the
image is placed above the fold, so that the user
can see it without having to scroll down on the
page.
• Images below the fold do not influence initial
search behavior until the searcher scrolls down.
36. Click Tracking: How Users Click on
Results, Natural Versus Paid
36
• Everybody want to be on the top of the SERPs (Search
Engine Result Pages).
• It never hurts to be #1 in the natural search results but
some people may not want to be #1 in the paid search
results because the resulting cost to gain #1 in paid search
result can reduce the total net margin on your campaign.
• Many advertisers may seek the #1 position in paid search
results for a number of reasons.
– if they have a really solid backend on their website and are able
to make money when they are in the #1 position
• Even if your natural ranking is #1, you can still increase the
ranking page’s click rate by having a sponsored ad above it
or in the right column.
38. Distribution of Search Results and
Traffic
38
• This example from Google shows how the paid
results appear above and to the right of the
natural search results.
• Note that Google often does not show paid
results above the natural results, in which case
the paid results show up only on the right.
• Your position in the results has a huge impact
on the traffic you will receive. Here is some
data about that:
39. Distribution of Search Results and
Traffic
39
• 62% of search engine users click on a search result within the first page of
results, and 90% within the first three pages.
• 41% of search engine users who continue their search when not finding what
they seek report changing their search term and/or search engine if they do
not find what they’re looking for on the first page of results; 88% report doing
so after three pages.
• 36% of users agree that “seeing a company listed among the top results on a
search engine makes me think that the company is a top one within its field.”
• In addition, the first 10 results received 89.71% of all click-through traffic; the
next 10 received 4.37%; the third page 2.42%; and the fourth page 1.07%. All
other pages of results received less than 1% of total search traffic clicks.
• According to the study, 72% of searchers click on the first link of interest,
whereas 25.5% read all listings first and then decide which one to click.
41. Different Intents and Effects of Listings in
Paid Versus Natural Results
• The AOL data in above figure demonstrated
that natural results get the lion’s share of click
results.
• Further data from the Enquiro, Didit, and
Eyetools eye-tracking study shows which
results users notice when looking at a search
results page.
41
43. Additional Research
• 85% of searchers click on natural results.
• The top four sponsored slots are equivalent in
views to being ranked at 7–10 in natural search in
terms of visibility and click-through.
• This means if you need to make a business case
for natural search, then (assuming you can attain
at least the #3 rank in natural search for the same
keywords you bid on) natural search could be
worth two to three times your PPC (Pay Per Click)
results.
43
44. Interaction Between Natural and Paid
Search
• The study shows what happens when you incorporate natural
search into an existing paid search campaign and compare its
performance to the performance of the sole paid search campaign.
• Figure summarizes the improvement in the results.
• A search page provides you with more than one opportunity to put
your name in front of the user.
• You should take advantage of this if you can. It is also useful to
understand the difference between natural and paid search.
• Although some users do not understand the distinction between
natural search results and paid search results, it is a well-accepted
belief in the industry that the majority of users recognize paid
search results as advertisements.
44
46. Other Factors to Consider
• There are many other aspects to consider when
thinking about search and your business. Here
are some interesting examples:
• Number of visits before purchase
– Only 43% of users who made a purchase on a site
made that purchase within an hour of their initial visit
to the site.
• Presentation changes made by the search engines
– Notice how the second listing (Yelp) looks different
from the rest of the results. The difference in the look
of the results really catches the eye, and can
significantly impact click-through rates.
46
48. Final Conclusion
• Search has penetrated the very fabric of global society. The way
people work, play, shop, research, and interact has changed forever.
• Organizations of all kinds (businesses and charities), as well as
individuals, need to have a presence on the Web—and they need
the search engines to bring them traffic.
• As our society moves ever closer to a professional consumer
economy, the ways in which people create, publish, distribute, and
ultimately find information and resources on the Internet will
continue to be of great importance.
• We will investigate further just how search, and therefore search
engine optimization, is at the center of the Web and is our key to
success in the new web economy.
48
49. Quiz – 1
49
• How many search being performed each month?
• How many search being performed every day?
• How many search being performed in every second of the day?
• How many search being performed in every second of the day in
Google?
• What is Disruptive Event and Dramatic Shift?
• Search Engine has competition to develop a , and
content experience.
• Search Engines invest a tremendous amount of , and
in improving their relevance.
• What is Spam Content?
• is the leading Search Engine in China.
• Steps for Comprise Search Process.
50. Quiz – 2
• Three types of Search Query.
• How many % of Informational Query?
• How many % of Transactional Query?
• Algorithm Classify % of the time correctly?
• What difficulty in classifying the query?
• What is Informational Query?
• What is Transactional Query?
• Opportunity and Average value of Navigational Query?
• Example of Transactional Query
• "winamp download" is which type of query?
• Give an example of Informational + Transactional query.
50
51. Quiz – 3
• Some most popular purpose of people for searching is ...
• In-store income is 9$ how much income is in display advertising
• Online advertising drive offline for every $4 spent online
• In survey there is 1000 people
• - How much uses search engines to find local information
• - How much uses traditional newspapers
• - How much uses Internet Yellow pages
• There is total 500 survey made
• - How much surveyed said they used internet
• Which testing method is used for Eye-Tracking?
• Which shape formed by result displayed in Arabic?
51
52. Quiz – 4
• Most Relevant result web pages are called in Blended
Search.
• What is Blended Search?
• Explain Eye-Tracking in Blended Search.
• What is Click Tracking?
• % searchers click on first link of interest, whereas %
read all listings first and then click.
• % searchers click on a search result within first page.
• % searchers click on a search result within three pages.
• % searchers click on fourth position.
• % searchers click on third position.
52
53. Quiz – 5
• At least the rank in natural search is meaningful.
• Interpret visibility between natural and paid.
• of searchers click on natural results.
• Explain different between Clicks and Actions.
• Which other factors are consider when doing SEO?
• Explain Number of Visits before purchase.
• Explain Presentation changes made by the search engines.
53
54. Review Questions
54
• Explain types of queries searcher used in Search Engine?
• How users scan result pages? Explain through Eye Tracking.
• How Click Tracking useful to identify importance of Natural results
vs paid result?
• Describe layout of Search Engine Result Page.
• Explain Mission and Market Share of Search Engine.
• Explain Human Goals of Searching with Search Process.
• Comment on "Determining Searcher Intent: A Challenge for Both
Marketers and Search Engines".
• Explain paid v/s natural results. Which one is more preferable and
how.
• Write a Short-note on Blended Search.
• Explain the Interaction Between Natural and Paid Search.