This document discusses several key properties of solid matter: hardness is the resistance to scratching, abrasion, and cutting, with diamond being the hardest material; malleability is the ability of a metal to be drawn into thin sheets without breaking, with copper being more malleable than iron; ductility is the ability of a metal to be drawn into thin wires without breaking, with copper, gold, and iron exhibiting different levels of ductility. It also mentions the properties of elasticity, brittleness, and texture.