This document discusses understanding disability through various models and barriers. It defines disability as an impairment that interacts with environmental barriers to hinder social participation. It describes models of disability including the charity, medical, economic, social, and rights-based models. These models affect views of people with disabilities. The document also outlines causes of educational barriers such as policy, attitudinal, communication, and physical barriers that prevent students with disabilities from fully participating in education.

1. UNDERSTANDING DISABILITY
LUIS G. CULABA, JR.
Division SPED Coordinator

2. WITH MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS
(Formally Assessed)
WITH MANIFESTATIONS/DIFFICULTIES
(Informally Assessed)
VISUAL IMPAIRMENT DIFFICULTY IN SEEING
HEARING IMPAIRMENT DIFFICULTY IN HEARING
INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY
(MENTAL RETARDATION)
DIFFICULTY IN REMEMBERING OR
CONCENTRATING
CHILDREN WITH AUTISM (CWA) DIFFICULTY IN ADAPTIVE SKILLS
EMOTIONAL-BEHAVIORAL
DISABILITY (EBD)
DIFFICULTY IN DISPLAYING
INTERPERSONAL BEHAVIOR

3. WITH DIAGNOSIS FROM MEDICAL
PROFESSIONALS
OBSERVED THROUGH INFORMAL
ASSESSMENT
PHYSICAL DISABILITY
Ex. Ortho/Amputee
DIFFICULTY IN MOBILITY
LEARNING DISABILITY
Ex. Dyslexia- Reading Problem
DIFFICULTY IN APPLYING
KNOWLEDGE
SPEECH & LANGUAGE DISORDER DIFFICULTY IN COMMUNICATION
OTHER HEALTH PROBLEMS

4. DISABILITY - refers to a permanent physical, mental, intellectual or
sensory impairment, in interaction with various barriers that may hinder a
person’s social participation.
Impairment Barriers Disability
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5. MODELS OF DISABILITY
• Charity
• Medical
• Economic
• Social
• Rights-based
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6. MODELS OF DISABILITY
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 affect beliefs, values, attitudes and behaviors
towards persons with disabilities
 It is important to understand the models of
disability in order to provide quality teaching and
learning experiences for learners with disability.

7. MODELS OF DISABILITY
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MODEL DESCRIPTION
Charity Model
Person with
disability is a
recipient of care,
cure or protection

8. MODELS OF DISABILITY
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MODEL DESCRIPTION
Medical Model -Focusing on
medical
interventions for
improvement

9. MODELS OF DISABILITY
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MODEL DESCRIPTION
Economic Model
This model
values people
according to
how productive
they are

10. MODELS OF DISABILITY
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MODEL DESCRIPTION
Social Model This approach focuses on
“togetherness in diversity”.
It removes the disabling
barriers in the environment
to reduce the impact of an
impairment.

11. MODELS OF DISABILITY
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MODEL DESCRIPTION
Human Rights Model The human rights model takes
universal human rights as a
starting point.
People with a disability are
seen to have a right to access
all within their society on an
equal basis with others.

12. CAUSES OF EDUCATIONAL BARRIERS
1. Policy barrier (e.g. lack of financial support for
children with a disability to get to school, a policy that
directs students with a disability into SPED schools)
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14. CAUSES OF EDUCATIONAL BARRIERS
2. Attitudinal barrier (eg: negative / false /
discriminatory attitudes towards people with a disability,
reduced expectations about the learning potential of
students with a disability),
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16. CAUSES OF EDUCATIONAL BARRIERS
3. Communication barrier (eg: spoken or written access
barrier such as no Braille books for students who are blind
or the absence of a sign language interpreter for a student
who is deaf)
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19. 4. Physical barrier (e.g., the absence of a wheelchair
accessible toilet, stairs into a classroom, no ramp or
lift access).
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CAUSES OF EDUCATIONAL BARRIERS

21. Talk about and celebrate
differences.
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22. Impairment
Accessible
Environment
Inclusion
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23. 1