Fuel Right Technology ensures mining operations are operating with clean fuels to reduce equipment downtime, improve underground emissions and operating efficiencies.

1. Ultra Clean Fuel Program
Mining
Tim Rivard, Mba
Fuel Right (Canada) Limited

2. Objectives
Ensure cleanliness standards are met
ISO 4406 12/9/7 target
Reduce costs
Fuel Economy
Equipment Service
Filter life

3. Program Goals
Improve fuel cleanliness
Target ISO 4406 13/10/8
Optimal ISO 4406 12/9/7
Reduce filter loading
Filtration to act as second line of defense
Improve overall operating efficiencies
Reduce fuel related costs up to 90%

4. Mission
CLEAN FUEL : (Re) Storing clean fuel that exceeds the
fuel cleanliness standard of the World Wide Fuel
Charter ISO 4406 18/16/13 (ISO 4406 12/9/7) to meet
the fuel quality standards required for modern high
pressure common rail (HPCR) engines enhancing overall
system performance and reducing operating costs.
Run Clean. Run Smart.

5. Operation Overview
Coal Mine
200+ trucks
Fuel Consumption per truck
170 litres/hour
Avg operation annually
6000 hrs/year
Estimated Annual Fuel
Consumption
150-200M litres/year

6. Operational Costs
Engine - 40%
Transmission/Torque Converter
– 10%
Final Drive/Differential – 40%
Miscellaneous – 10%

7. Engine Maintenance Costs
Injectors
Fuel Pumps
Filtration
Lubrication

8. Fuel Supply Management
Eliminate contamination
Remove and prevent microbial
contamination
Protect system from corrosion
Reduce filtration loading
Improve ISO cleanliness
standard
Enhance fuel performance

9. Ultra Clean Fuel
Why is it needed?

10. Importance of
Clean Fuel
Contaminated fuel affects the following;
Injector life (premature failure)
Improper combustion
Reduced fuel economy (losses up to 13%)
Reduced lubricating oil life (soot contamination)
Fuel pump failures
Performance loss (productivity)

11. Common Rail Engines
Strict injector tolerances
Require cleaner fuels
Injector manufacturers
ISO 4406 12/9/6
Higher maintenance
demand

12. WORLDWIDE FUEL CHARTER – ISO4406
Associate members
Asociación de Fábricas de Automotores de Argentina (ADEFA)
Associacion Mexicana de la Industria Automotriz, A.C. (AMIA)
Brazilian Association of motor vehicle and motorised agricultural
machinery manufacturers (ANFAVEA)
Canadian Vehicle Manufacturers’ Association (CVMA)
Chamber of Automotive Manufacturers of the Philippines, Inc.
(CAMPI)
China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM)
Global Automakers ›
Global Automakers of Canada (GAC)
Indonesia Automotive Federation (IAF)
Korean Automobile Manufacturers Association (KAMA)
National Association of Automobile Manufacturers of South Africa
(NAAMSA)
Malaysian Automotive Association (MAA)
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM)
Thai Automotive Industry Association (TAIA)
Vietnam Automobile Manufacturers Association (VAMA)

13. ISO CODE 18/16/13
ISO 4406 Chart
Range Code
Particles per milliliter of fuel
Particle size and up
More than Up to/including
18 1,300 2,500 4µ
16 320 640 6µ
13 40 80 14µ
Note: High pressure common rail engines require fuel to minimize particulate count
from 3µ and up. Previous generations of engines were able to tolerate up to 7µ
particles in size. The demand for cleaner fuel to avoid injector damage is much
higher than the worldwide fuel charter ISO4406 18/16/13 standard.

14. ISO CODE 12/9/7 (Target for HPCR)
ISO 4406 Chart
Range Code
Particles per milliliter of fuel
Particle size and up
More than Up to/including
12 20 40 4µ
9 2.5 5 6µ
7 .64 1.3 14µ
Note: High pressure common rail engines require fuel to minimize particulate count
from 3µ and up. Previous generations of engines were able to tolerate up to 7µ
particles in size. The demand for cleaner fuel to avoid injector damage is much
higher than the worldwide fuel charter ISO4406 18/16/13 standard.

15. Measuring Contamination
ISO 4406 Cleanliness
Annual Volume of
Contamination (kg)
ISO 23/21/18 6400 kg
ISO 21/19/16 1600 kg
ISO 19/17/14 400 kg
ISO 18/16/13 200 kg
ISO 16/14/11 40 kg
Based on an annual consumption of 200M litres
Data provided by Lubrication Engineers PTY LTD.
“Ultra Clean Diesel Fuel for Mining” page 41
Brad Crook

16. Contamination per Vehicle
MTU 4000 series
TEREX 4400 AC
6000 hours/year
170 litres/hour
1,020,000 litres/year
ISO 4406
Cleanliness
Annual Volume of
Contamination
(kg)
ISO 23/21/18 47 kg/year
ISO 18/16/13 1.5 kg/year
ISO 12/9/7 11.6 grams/year
Data provided by Lubrication Engineers PTY LTD.
“Ultra Clean Diesel Fuel for Mining”, Page 15, 16
Brad Crook

17. Internal Injector Deposits
Images borrowed from CRC Report No. 665
(CRC Project No. DP-04-13a)
Carboxylate soap deposits Lacquer type deposits
New HPCR injectors are less tolerant of deposits and require much
cleaner fuel standards than ISO 4406 18/16/13

18. Carboxylate Deposits
Na/Ca salts
React with DDSA/HDSA
Used as a corrosion
control additive in the
pipeline industry
DDSA – dodecenyl succinic acid
HDSA – hexadecenyl succinic acid

19. Spill Control Valve
Operate on a clearance
of 1.5 – 3 microns
(human hair is 40
microns)
Prone to particulate
damage
Biofilms deposit sugars
Reference: D.G. Quirk - BP

20. Injector Failure
Loss of power
Over fuelling
Overheating
Piston failure
Catastrophic engine
failure
No-start condition
Emission control

21. How does Fuel Right impact fuel
cleanliness?

22. Value Proposition
22
Holistic fuel quality management
Clean Fuel - free of microbial contamination, corrosion by-products
and water from the source of supply enhances the performance of the
overall system by reducing maintenance and eliminating factors
affecting engine performance.

23. Storage
1. Dissolve/Remove/Eliminate
bacterial contamination without
the use of biocide chemistry
2. Protect the fuel system with a
microscopic corrosion coating
protecting the tank from
microbially influenced corrosion
3. Break down particulates to
improve fuel cleanliness standard
exceeding ISO 4406 18/16/13 (ISO
4406 12/9/7)

24. Time Frame Objectives
3 Months
Dissolve and
Eliminate Existing
contamination
ISO 18/16/13
6 Months
Consistent
ISO 18/16/13
Target
ISO 15/10/9
18 months
Consistent
ISO 13/10/8

25. Fuel Right Results
Field Studies

26. Fuel Right Comparison
ISO 4406
Cleanliness
Annual Volume of
Contamination
(kg)
ISO 23/21/18 6400 kg
ISO 21/19/16 1600 kg
ISO 19/17/14 400 kg
ISO 18/16/13 200 kg
ISO 16/14/11 40 kg
Fuel Right ISO 13/10/8 450 grams*
ISO/12/9/7 227 grams
Based on an annual consumption of 200M litres
Data provided by Lubrication Engineers PTY LTD.
“Ultra Clean Diesel Fuel for Mining” page 41
Brad Crook
* Estimated weight based on averages

27. FUEL RIGHT FIELD RESULTS – Actual count
(December 20, 2015 – 6 months of treatment)
UG Tank # Volume Count/ 18 Count/ 16 Count/ 13 Water ppm
allowable 1300-2500 320-640 40-80 200ppm
3 50,000 244* / 15** 146* / 14** 21* / 12** 87
4 75,000 89* / 14** 29* / 12** 3* / 9** 79
5 50,000 1475* / 18** 337* / 16** 15* / 11** 92
6 75,000 309 */ 15** 108 */ 14** 11* / 11** 85
7 50,000 470 */ 16** 170 */ 15** 11* / 11** 81
8 50,000 138 */ 14** 46* / 13** 4* / 9** 75
9 90,000 106 */ 14** 28* / 12** 2* / 8** 75
Tanks were installed in the mid 1980’s are located underground and were not cleaned prior to testing.
Laser Particulate Tests performed by Prime Fuel Polish, Sarnia, ON
December 20, 2015
Client: Hensall Coop, Hensall, ON
*First number represents actual particulate count
**Second number represents ISO Code Number

28. FUEL RIGHT FIELD RESULTS – Actual count
(March 10, 2017 – 20 months of treatment)
UG Tank # Volume Count/ 18 Count/ 16 Count/ 13 Water ppm
allowable 1300-2500 320-640 40-80 200ppm
3 50,000 110* / 14** 10* / 11** 2* / 8** 86
4 75,000 42* / 13** 4* / 9** 1* / 7** 120
5 50,000 106* / 14** 11* / 11** 1* / 7** 88
6 75,000 88 */ 14** 13 */ 11** 3* / 9** 85
7 50,000 60 */ 13** 8 */ 10** 1* / 7** 90
8 50,000 154 */ 14** 32* / 12** 4* / 10** 127
9 90,000 50 */ 13** 7* / 10** 1* / 7** 110
Tanks were installed in the mid 1980’s are located underground and were not cleaned prior to testing.
Laser Particulate Tests performed by Prime Fuel Polish, Sarnia, ON
March 10, 2017
Client: Hensall Coop, Hensall, ON
*First number represents actual particulate count
**Second number represents ISO Code Number

29. FUEL RIGHT FIELD RESULTS – Actual count
ISO 4406 Worldwide Fuel Charter
UG Tank # Volume 18 16 13 Water ppm
allowable 1300-2500 320-640 40-80 200ppm
1 unknown 73 */ 13** 14 */ 11** 1 */ 7** 120
Tank was installed in the mid 1980’s are located underground and were not cleaned prior to testing.
Laser Particulate Tests performed by Prime Fuel Polish, Sarnia, ON
February 28, 2017
Client: Elgie Bus Lines, London, Ontario
*First number represents actual particulate count
**Second number represents ISO Code Number

30. FUEL RIGHT FIELD RESULTS – Actual count
ISO 4406 Worldwide Fuel Charter
Tank # Date Count/ 18 Count/ 16 Count/ 13 Water ppm Cetane
Allowable 1300-2500 320-640 40-80 200ppm 51
Test 1 24/05/2018 1571* / 18** 461* / 16** 47* / 13** 82 49.9
Test 2 30/05/2018 927* / 17** 223* / 15** 12* / 11** 82 50.8
Test 3 15/06/2018 1135/17 400/16 36/12 82 54.6
Location: Lebrija, Spain
Customer: Viva
Tank treated 6 months at time of sampling
Samples extracted: 17/05/2018
Test performed by Intertek Laboratories, Almeria

31. FUEL RIGHT LAB RESULTS – 48 Hours
ISO 4406 Worldwide Fuel Charter
Count/ 18 Count/ 16 Count/ 13 Water ppm
allowable 1300-2500 320-640 40-80 200ppm
B2 Untreated 5056*/20** 1864*/18** 924*/14** 90.6
B2 (48 hours)
Treated 48
hours
1437*/18** 281*/15** 35*/12**
B9 Untreated 3929*/19** 1130*/17** 34*/12** 66.7 ppm
B9 (48 hours)
Treated 48
hours
546*/16** 118*/14** 22*/12**
B40 Untreated 17561*/21** 7891*/20** 617*/16** 102 ppm
B40 (48 hours)
Treated 48
hours
11768*/21** 4113*/19** 134*/14**
*First number represents actual particulate count
**Second number represents ISO Code Number
Tests completed after 48 hours of soaking with Fuel Right 30K

32. Before/ After
32
Yacht Inspected after 1 year of Fuel Right use
Imagecredit: Fuel360 NewZealand

33. Tank Interiors
33
Imagecredit: Fuel360 NewZealand

34. Filtration
1. Eliminate filter plugging related to
microbial contamination and
corrosion particulates
2. Extend filter life
3. Ensure proper fuel delivery to the
engine

35. Filtering Particulate
Common filter size
10-30µ
Implications
Smaller particulate still
passing through
Potential fuel pump or
injector failure
Common rail OEM’s
recommending 2µ

36. www.nikede.com.br (13) 33535830
December/2013 to March/2014 → 29 changings of element Racor
December/2014 to March/2015 → 16 changings of element Racor
Figure 4 : Racor filter prior tests
Gain of 45% reduction in the consumption of
filter elements, emphasizing that this result is
extremely conservative, given that, because
there can be no parade of ferries for failure in
the power circuit, changings were made in
preventive character
DERSA Ferry Corp, Brazil
Reduces Filter Consumption

37. IDO Marine - Turkey
Filter changes reduced from once every 24 hours to engine recommended hours of
service

38. IFO 180 – Fuel Filtering
ELIN Ship – ATHENS, GREECE
1. Although filter cleaning intervals have been kept the same, filters present a somewhat
"cleaner" picture.
2. IFO Purifier cleaning intervals have been significantly extended. From less than one
month to approximately two months.
3. There is no sign of microbial infection whatsoever.

39. Filter Savings
Cost of Filters (w/o Fuel
Right)
4 filters x (6000/250) x $150 x
200 trucks = $2,880,000
Cost of Filters (w Fuel Right)
4 filters x (6000/500) x $150 x
200 trucks = $1,440,000
Savings = $1,440,000
New recommendations
250 hours between filter
changes
Previous recommendation
500 hours between filter
changes
With Fuel Right – you can
return to 500 hours

40. Engine Performance
1. Improve fuel efficiency
2. Improve injector life by delivering
cleaner fuel and improving
lubricity
3. Reduce emissions through
improved ignition and injector
performance

41. FUEL RIGHT ENHANCES
LUBRICITY
Fuel
Sample
1st
Measurement
2nd
Measurement
Average
Value
D1 526 524 525
D1 +
15K
461 457 459
D2 445 444 445
D2 +
15K
442 433 438
41
Fuel Right Fuel Right
Testing based on using a High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) as per following standards:
CEC F-06-A-96: Measurement of Diesel Fuel Lubricity
ASTM D6079: Standard Test Method for evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels
ISO 450: Diesel Fuel-Assessment of lubricity using the High Frequency reciprocating test rig
ISO 12156-1:Diesel Fuel-Assessment of lubricity using the High Frequency reciprocating test rig
EN 590: 1999 Fuels – Diesel requirements & test procedures

42. FUEL ECONOMY
Testing conducted and Recorded by ELINOIL Hellenic Petroleum Company, S.A.
Km/litre
Without Fuel Right With Fuel Right
ΥΧΒ 6534 SCANIA 141 440 HP, 12.800cc 2,04 2,28 12%
IEE 2501 MITSUBISHI CANTER 140 HP, 3.908cc, EURO 3 5,16 5,70 10%
ΙΕΕ 2669 ΜΑΝ L82 15.250, 6.871cc, EURO 3 3,81 4,67 23%
ΙΕΕ 2971 ΜΑΝ L82 15.250, 6.871cc, EURO 3 3,57 4,18 17%
ΙΒΝ 2129 MAN TGA ΗΟ9 480 HP, 12.816cc, EURO 3 3,10 3,40 9%

43. STUDENT TRANSPORT CANADA
Fuel economy testing and documentation by STC in trial of 240 busses
Km/litre
Without Fuel Right With Fuel Right
Unit 1 2.90 3.08 +6.02%
Unit 2 2.67 3.18 +17.43%
Unit 3 2.64 3.06 +14.73%
Unit 4 2.71 3.13 +14.38%
Unit 5 2.72 3.18 +15.59%
Unit 6 2.97 3.10 +4.28%
Unit 7 2.83 3.14 +10.38%

44. Comparative Results
Leg 1 (w/0 Fuel Right) Leg 2 (w Fuel Right)
Distance (NM) 3366 4852
Speed (knots) 9.78 9.5
Average Fuel Use 5.62 MT/day 5.03 MT/day
Fuel Economy 10.5% (improvement)
Sea Condition Lt to Moderate Moderate to Rough
Steaming Time 15 22
MGO at Departure 205 205
44
Independent study provided by M/V Naomi Princess
2 x CAT C3516 2000kW @ 1600 rpm
Cummins 6CTA8.3 gensets

45. Emission Reduction
(g/kWh) (g/kWh) % Change
NOx 11.909 11.672 -1.99
SO2 0.103 0.051 -50.93
CO 0.666 0.623 -6.54
CO2 611.140 631.683 3.36
O2 1350.104 1431.703 6.04
HC 0.623 0.247 -60.28
PM 2.5> 0.056 0.033 -40.68
PM 2.5-PM10 0.010 0.007 -21.92
PM<10 0.012 0.007 -38.85
PM Total 0.079 0.049 -38.17
Emission study performed independently
by Istanbul Technical University, in Turkey

46. Fuel Right
Implementing an
Ultra Clean Diesel Fuel Program

47. Implementation
Terminal
(Point of
Treatment)
Transport Distribution
Mining
Operation
Fuel Right is recommended to be introduced up-stream at a single point of
inventory access. This ensures the complete system is cleaned over the
next 24-36 months. Risk Management procedures are recommended.
Start Treatment
Here

48. Where to treat?
Floating
Suction
Tank
Coalescer/Filter
Coalescer/Filter Coalescer/Filter
Coalescer/Filter
Mine Tank
Farm
Mine area
diesel tank
Start treatment
here

49. Risk Management
1-3 Months
Fuel Clarification
3-6 Months
Filter Plugging
Water demulsifying
Tank Cleaning
6-18 Months
Continuous
Improvement in
Fuel Cleanliness

50. Cleaning & Maintenance Cycles

51. Program Savings
Fuel Economy
5-8% reduction in fuel demand
Based on 150M-200M litres
7,500,000 – 16,000,000 litres per year saving
Maximize Filter Life
Minimum 500 hour service life of filters
Reduce Service Costs
Injectors, pumps

52. Operational Cost Recovery
Operational
Cost
Recovery
Reduced tank
cleaning
maintenance
Reduced Filter
Demand
Corrosion
Control
Improved Fuel
Economy
Injector Life
Improvement
Inventory
Losses
(contaminated
Fuel)
Filter Demand
reduced by 50%
($1,440,000/year
savings)
Fuel Savings 7,500,00 – 16,000,000
litres per year
Contaminated fuel
inventory losses
eliminated
Injectors supplied
with ISO 4406
12/9/7 Fuel
Fuel Right provides
corrosion coating
throughout fuel
system
Complete fuel system cleaned to
ISO 4406 13/10/8 target

53. Questions?