Fuel Right Clean Fuel Program

1. Tim Rivard MBa
Fuel Right (Canada) Limited
www.fuelright.ca

2. RUN CLEANER. RUN SMARTER.
A clean diesel program designed to
delivery higher quality fuel to exceed
the demands of new engine technology.

3. ABOUT US
Established mid 90’s
20 years R&D
Proprietary technology
Applications
Diesel fuel
Heating oil
Unleaded fuel
MGO
IFO Marine Fuels
Hydraulic Oils
3

4. OUR FOUNDER
35 years with DuPont
Materials Research Engineer
Expertise in Bacterial Growth & MIC
Numerous Publications
NACE
“Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion
– Corrosion Fundamentals”
“Identification of MIC”
Crevice Corrosion of Stainless Steel in
Recirculating Cooling Water”
Many others….
4

5. REGULATORY
Proprietary Blend
EU REACH Registered
US EPA Registered
UN GHS Compliant
Health Canada (GHS)
5

6. INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTION
Distributed in more than 32 Countries
6

7. OUR MISSION
Market innovative technology that enhances fuel quality
to a cleanliness standard exceeding ISO 4406 18/16/13,
eliminates microbial contamination in middle distillates,
prevents sludge recurrence, stops MIC corrosion and
optimizes storage tank, fuel filter and engine
performance.
7

8. IMPORTANT FACTORS TODAY
Particulate control
ISO 4406 18/16/13
Contamination
Water
Microbial
Corrosion
Filtration

9. ENGINE TECHNOLOGY
Common Rail Design
Injector pressures 120 – 150
MPa
5 injector strokes per piston
stroke
3000 rpm equates to 15,000
strokes per minute
Low tolerance to contaminated fuels
Requires enhanced fuel lubricity
Tighter filter tolerance
2 micron filtration
9

10. HPCR INJECTORS
Maximum particulate size
<2µ
Target - ISO 12/9/7
Water
<200 ppm
Lubricity
Injector Cooling
A typical HPCR injector does 5 TO 7 strokes per
engine rotation – an engine running at 2500 rpm
requires an injector to make 12500 strokes per
minute

11. INJECTOR FAILURES
Injector deposits
Salts (Na,Ca,S,Cl)
React with corrosion inhibitors forming carboxylic salt
deposits in injectors
Water
Catastrophic failure (seizure)
Wear
Excess fuel particulates

12. PREVENTATIVE MEASURES
FUEL HYGIENE
Water
Corrosion
microbes
FILTRATION
Water absorbing
Proper sizing

13. VALUE PROPOSITION
13
Holistic fuel quality management
Clean Fuel - free of microbial contamination, corrosion by-products
and water from the source of supply enhances the performance of the
overall system by reducing maintenance and eliminating factors
affecting engine performance.

14. Fuel Storage
Biofilms, Biocides, Water Emulsifiers

15. DIESEL STORAGE FACTS
3% of tank volume never gets
exchanged
1500 litres in a 50,000 litre tank
Diesel can carry 0.01% by weight of
water
IE. 50,000 litre tank
Exchanged 4x per month
150 litres water/month
Microbial Count (tank bottoms)
2.5B organisms per litre not uncommon
15
Reference:
National Petroleum News 91(7), p 20-22, July 1999
F.J. Passman, Ph.D., President, BCA, Inc.

16. DIESEL FUEL “ECOSYSTEM”
Hydro-
peroxides
Bacteria
Water
Corrosion
Oxidation
Catalysts
Cu, V, Fe
All factors affect fuel quality,
stability and performance
Interactive relationship
These factors are the Root
Causes of diesel fuel quality
Issues
16
BACTERIAL SLUDGE

17. FUEL AND WATER?

18. FUEL RIGHT AND WATER?
Amines establish Micelles
Attract water – polar bond
Create layering – pushing
excess water out of the fuel
to the bottom of the tank

19. FUEL RIGHT RESULTS – BEFORE/AFTER
Water
Clean Fuel

20. FUEL RIGHT RESULTS
Before/After
Gasolina
limpia

21. Bacteria – Biofilms?

22. IMPLICATIONS OF BACTERIAL PRESENCE
Higher rates of microbial
influenced corrosion
Tanks, strainers, risers, filters,
submersible pumps
Premature tank failures
6 months to 5 years
Environmental spills result
Excessively acidic deposits
pH 3-5
Breaks down composite tanks
Increasing maintenance
costs
22

23. HOW BIOFILMS AFFECT FUEL QUALITY
Reduces corrosion inhibitor
effectiveness
Reduces Anti-oxidant effectiveness
Reduces lubricity
Reduces Oxidative stability
Increases Peroxide number
Increases TAN (total acid number)
Increases Corrosion

24. CONVENTIONAL ADDITIVES
Do not displace bio-films
Do not dissolve sloughing
What does that mean?
Acute affects of additives
Reduced effectiveness
Not (dis)solving the key
source of the problem

25. FUEL RIGHT REMOVES BIOFILM
Fuel Right dissolves and
removes biofilms
Implications?
Releases trapped particulates
Removes corrosion influence
Removes acid producer
Eliminate Sloughing deposits
Hinder Potential bacteria
“blooms”
Fuel Right slowing dissolving bio-film
deposits and severely degraded fuel
deposits inside a diesel truck tank

26. TANK INTERIORS
Inspected after 1 year of continuous use with Fuel Right
Image credit: Fuel 360 New Zealand

27. FUEL RIGHT RESULTS
27

28. FUEL RIGHT® RESTORES FUEL QUALITY
28
Original Fuel
Sample
Treated with
Competitor
Treated with
Fuel Right®

29. DOES CLEAR FUEL = CLEAN FUEL?
1. 2. 3.
1. Tank Bottom sample
2. Above bottom layer
3. Top of the tank
Tank bottom sample shows strong evidence of MIC corrosion.
Despite being clear and bright, this fuel is unlikely to meet ISO 4406 Particulate
standard or SAE 4059

30. WORLDWIDE FUEL CHARTER
ISO 4406
Associate members
Asociación de Fábricas de Automotores de Argentina (ADEFA)
Associacion Mexicana de la Industria Automotriz, A.C. (AMIA)
Brazilian Association of motor vehicle and motorised agricultural
machinery manufacturers (ANFAVEA)
Canadian Vehicle Manufacturers’ Association (CVMA)
Chamber of Automotive Manufacturers of the Philippines, Inc.
(CAMPI)
China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM)
Global Automakers ›
Global Automakers of Canada (GAC)
Indonesia Automotive Federation (IAF)
Korean Automobile Manufacturers Association (KAMA)
National Association of Automobile Manufacturers of South Africa
(NAAMSA)
Malaysian Automotive Association (MAA)
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM)
Thai Automotive Industry Association (TAIA)
Vietnam Automobile Manufacturers Association (VAMA)

31. ISO CLEANLINESS?
World Wide Fuel Charter
Two Key Metrics
Water content <200ppm
ISO code 18/16/13 particulate
standard
Fuel Right exceeds ISO fuel standard
Water content ~100 ppm
13/9/7 –measured with laser
particulate counter
Testing in Canada using Filtertechnik
PC 9001 Laser Particulate Counter.
31

32. ISO CODE 18/16/13
ISO 4406 Chart
Range Code
Particles per milliliter of fuel
Particle size and up
More than Up to/including
18 1,300 2,500 4µ
16 320 640 6µ
13 40 80 14µ
Note: High pressure common rail engines require fuel to minimize particulate count
from 3 and up. Previous generations of engines were able to tolerate up to 7
particles in size. The demand for cleaner fuel to avoid injector damage is much
higher than the worldwide fuel charter ISO4406 18/16/13 standard.

33. Why is particle count important?
How do injectors fail?

34. INTERNAL INJECTOR DEPOSITS
Images borrowed from CRC Report No. 665
(CRC Project No. DP-04-13a)
Carboxylate soap deposits Lacquer type deposits
New HPCR injectors are less tolerant of deposits and require much
cleaner fuel standards than ISO 4406 18/16/13

35. CARBOXYLATE DEPOSITS
Na/Ca salts
React with DDSA/HDSA
Used as a corrosion
control additive in the
pipeline industry
DDSA – dodecenyl succinic acid
HDSA – hexadecenyl succinic acid

36. SPILL CONTROL VALVE
Operate on a clearance
of 1.5 – 3 microns
(human hair is 40
microns)
Prone to particulate
damage
Biofilms deposit sugars
Reference: D.G. Quirk - BP

37. BIOFUEL BLENDS
“Some correlation between the introduction of
ULSD and/or use of biodiesel and the incidence
of IDID” – CRC Report No. 665, Oct 2013
Image depicts the degradation of
biofuel into a “black honey” substance
with low solubility

38. INJECTOR FAILURE
Loss of power
Over fuelling
Overheating
Piston failure
No-start condition
Emission control

39. ISO CODE 12/9/7 (Target for HPCR)
ISO 4406 Chart
Range Code
Particles per milliliter of fuel
Particle size and up
More than Up to/including
12 20 40 4µ
9 2.5 5 6µ
7 .64 1.3 14µ
Note: High pressure common rail engines require fuel to minimize particulate count
from 3µ and up. Previous generations of engines were able to tolerate up to 7µ
particles in size. The demand for cleaner fuel to avoid injector damage is much
higher than the worldwide fuel charter ISO4406 18/16/13 standard.

40. FUEL RIGHT FIELD RESULTS
(December 20, 2015 – 6 months of treatment)
UG Tank # Volume Count/ 18 Count/ 16 Count/ 13 Water ppm
allowable 1300-2500 320-640 40-80 200ppm
3 50,000 244* / 15** 146* / 14** 21* / 12** 87
4 75,000 89* / 14** 29* / 12** 3* / 9** 79
5 50,000 1475* / 18** 337* / 16** 15* / 11** 92
6 75,000 309 */ 15** 108 */ 14** 11* / 11** 85
7 50,000 470 */ 16** 170 */ 15** 11* / 11** 81
8 50,000 138 */ 14** 46* / 13** 4* / 9** 75
9 90,000 106 */ 14** 28* / 12** 2* / 8** 75
Tanks were installed in the mid 1980’s are located underground and were not cleaned prior to testing.
Laser Particulate Tests performed by Prime Fuel Polish, Sarnia, ON
December 20, 2015
Client: Hensall Coop, Hensall, ON
*First number represents actual particulate count
**Second number represents ISO Code Number

41. FUEL RIGHT FIELD RESULTS
(March 10, 2017 – 20 months of treatment)
UG Tank # Volume Count/ 18 Count/ 16 Count/ 13 Water ppm
allowable 1300-2500 320-640 40-80 200ppm
3 50,000 110* / 14** 10* / 11** 2* / 8** 86
4 75,000 42* / 13** 4* / 9** 1* / 7** 120
5 50,000 106* / 14** 11* / 11** 1* / 7** 88
6 75,000 88 */ 14** 13 */ 11** 3* / 9** 85
7 50,000 60 */ 13** 8 */ 10** 1* / 7** 90
8 50,000 154 */ 14** 32* / 12** 4* / 10** 127
9 90,000 50 */ 13** 7* / 10** 1* / 7** 110
Tanks were installed in the mid 1980’s are located underground and were not cleaned prior to testing.
Laser Particulate Tests performed by Prime Fuel Polish, Sarnia, ON
March 10, 2017
Client: Hensall Coop, Hensall, ON
*First number represents actual particulate count
**Second number represents ISO Code Number

42. FUEL RIGHT FIELD RESULTS
ISO 4406 Worldwide Fuel Charter
UG Tank # Volume 18 16 13 Water ppm
allowable 1300-2500 320-640 40-80 200ppm
1 unknown 73 */ 13** 14 */ 11** 1 */ 7** 120
Client has consistently treated fuel for more than 24 months
Tank was installed in the mid 1980’s are located underground and were not cleaned prior to testing.
Laser Particulate Tests performed by Prime Fuel Polish, Sarnia, ON - February 28, 2017
Client: Elgie Bus Lines, London, Ontario
*First number represents actual particulate count
**Second number represents ISO Code Number

43. FUEL RIGHT LAB RESULTS – 48 Hours
ISO 4406 Worldwide Fuel Charter
Count/ 18 Count/ 16 Count/ 13 Water ppm
allowable 1300-2500 320-640 40-80 200ppm
B2 Untreated 5056*/20** 1864*/18** 924*/14** 90.6
B2 (48 hours) Treated 48 hours 1437*/18** 281*/15** 35*/12**
B9 Untreated 3929*/19** 1130*/17** 34*/12** 66.7 ppm
B9 (48 hours) Treated 48 hours 546*/16** 118*/14** 22*/12**
B40 Untreated 17561*/21** 7891*/20** 617*/16** 102 ppm
B40 (48 hours) Treated 48 hours 11768*/21** 4113*/19** 134*/14**
Samples were provided by Terpel at their fuel terminal in Factactac Sept 20, 2017
Biofuel blend is Palm Oil
*First number represents actual particulate count
**Second number represents ISO Code Number

44. BATELLE FIELD STUDY
“Corrosion in Systems Storing and Dispensing Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel
(ULSD), Hypothesis Investigation” by Battelle Memorial Institute,
Columbus Ohio (published 13 August 2011)
Report analyses six diesel fuel tank systems in California, New York State,
and North Carolina to determine reasons for sludge and underlying
corrosion on various metal parts
Treated Tank NC-1 with Fuel Right 15K December 2011
Inspection Feb 8, 2012
Fiberglass double wall tank
Bacteria DNA count – too low to measure
Total Acid Number 0.01 KOH/L – ISO Standard 0.12 Maximum
Water 39 ppm (diesel can “hold” 100 ppm) – ISO Standard 200ppm Maximum
Tank NC-1 ONLY tank with minimal/no sludge formation
44

45. How does Fuel Right impact
injector life?

46. IMPLICATIONS OF FUEL RIGHT RESULTS
WWFC ISO 4406 18/16/13
Equates to 2500 particles per mL
of fuel
Fuel Right Results
Exceeds WWFC up to 60x
Reduction of particulate
Extends fuel system component life –
reduced injector wear Injector Needle – 3280 hours with 15K

47. 3280 Hours JD7830

48. Corrosion – MIC?

49. WHAT IS MIC?
Microbially Influenced Corrosion
Electrolyte
Acceptor Site
Donor Site

50. MIC - Microbially Influenced Corrosion
Pitting Corrosion
Accelerated due to
presence of biofilms
Leads to tank failure
MIC

51. MIC EVIDENCE
“Coffee grounds” indicate severe corrosion present

52. STEEL TANK FAILURES
52

53. MIC – CORROSION EXAMPLES
53

54. FUEL RIGHT CORROSION PREVENTION
Strips biofilm from tank walls
Dissolves the bacterial colonies
Interrupts development of
acidic sludge
Hinders biofilm development
54

55. MICROSCOPIC CORROSION COATING

56. TREATMENT RESULTS
Late 90’s tank inspected after 1 year of Fuel Right 15K treatment. Tank is exceptionally cleaned
– showing evidence of minor MIC and vapour space corrosion after 20 years of service.

57. COMPOSITE TANKS NOT IMMUNE
Fiberglass Tanks
Water accumulation
Bacteria
pH 3-3.5
Extremely acidic
Breaks down binding resins
57

58. COMPOSITE TANK INTERIOR
58

59. WHAT ABOUT USING BIOCIDES?
Should only be used “after” you
have cleaned the fuel
Specific to bacteria type
Ineffective against well
established bacterial infections
May become a food source for
bacteria
Biocides can be corrosive

60. HOW DO BIOCIDES COMPARE?
Kill planktonic bacteria only
Bacteria develop resistant
strains
Not all species are vulnerable
Biofilms remain behind
Biocides are consumable
Potential food supply

61. FUEL RIGHT vs BIOCIDES
61
Actual Lab results at the end of an 18 month jar test. Fuel Right out performs
competitive products in its ability to dissolve and prevent bacterial growth and
protect from corrosion.

62. FUEL RIGHT vs FUEL ADDITIVES
62
Conventional additives are ineffective treatments against microbial sludge

63. TANK STORAGE SUMMARY
Clean Tank, free of bacteria, biofilms and water and
other contaminants is the most important factor in any
fuel system
Reduces potential fuel related failures
Enhances asset life – protection from corrosion and tank
failure
Enhances engine performance and engine component life
cycle
RUN CLEANER. RUN SMARTER.

64. Fuel Filtering & Delivery
Biofilms, Lubricity, Particulate

65. FILTRATION
Older series diesel engine Modern HPCR diesel engines
Refinery Fuels 0X 16X
Typical Fuel 4-8X 64-128X
Poor Fuel 16-32X 256-512X
Bad Fuel 64X 1024X +
Based on new engine technology, injectors are less tolerant to particulate
contamination. Dual stage filtration 10 um to < 2/4um required for new HPCR
engines. This chart shows how much cleaner fuel must be to meet modern injector
technology specifications when comparing to older series engines.

66. FILTER PLUGGING
High efficiency filtration (4
um)
Cold flow modifiers
Biofuel – glycerine forming
solids
Metal carboxylates

67. BIOFILMS & FILTERS
Biofilms are transparent
Biofilms block filters
Vacuum pressure affects
fuel flow
Fuel pump cavitation &
premature wear
These filters demonstrate consecutive reduced plugging
over 90 days of treatment. Despite appearing similar in
colour, the filter on the far left is restricted by opaque
biofilm. The filter on the right is clean as a result of a 90
day Fuel Right continuous treatment program.

68. FILTERING PARTICULATE
Common filter size
10-30µ
Implications
Smaller particulate still
passing through
Potential fuel pump or
injector failure
Common rail OEM’s
recommending 4µ

69. www.nikede.com.br (13) 33535830
December/2013 to March/2014 → 29 changings of element Racor
December/2014 to March/2015 → 16 changings of element Racor
Figure 4 : Racor filter prior tests
Gain of 45% reduction in the consumption of
filter elements, emphasizing that this result is
extremely conservative, given that, because
there can be no parade of ferries for failure in
the power circuit, changings were made in
preventive character
DERSA Ferry Corp, Brazil
REDUCES FILTER CONSUMPTION

70. IDO MARINE - Turkey
Filter changes reduced from once every 24 hours to engine recommended hours of service.
Images depict severity of contamination in filtration system prior to Fuel Right Program.

71. IFO 180 – FUEL FILTERING
ELIN Ship – ATHENS, GREECE
1. Although filter cleaning intervals have been kept the same, filters present a somewhat
"cleaner" picture.
2. IFO Purifier cleaning intervals have been significantly extended. From less than one
month to approximately two months.
3. There is no sign of microbial infection whatsoever.

72. Engine Performance
Detergency, Cetane, Lubricity

73. DEPOSIT CONTROL
Purpose
Improve fuel flow
Improve atomization
Fuel Right Cleans Injectors
Improves atomization
(combustion)
Tip shows no sign of
coking (carbon build-up)
indicating excellent
combustion
Plunger is exceptionally
clean and shows no sign of
premature wear.
*2 years operating on Fuel Right 15K

74. FUEL RIGHT ENHANCES LUBRICITY
Fuel
Sample
1st
Measurement
2nd
Measurement
Average
Value
D1 526 524 525
D1 +
15K
461 457 459
D2 445 444 445
D2 +
15K
442 433 438
74
Fuel Right Fuel Right
Testing based on using a High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) as per following standards:
CEC F-06-A-96: Measurement of Diesel Fuel Lubricity
ASTM D6079: Standard Test Method for evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels
ISO 450: Diesel Fuel-Assessment of lubricity using the High Frequency reciprocating test rig
ISO 12156-1:Diesel Fuel-Assessment of lubricity using the High Frequency reciprocating test rig
EN 590: 1999 Fuels – Diesel requirements & test procedures

75. COMBUSTION
Fuel Right
Improves atomization
Improves cold weather
starting
Reduces emissions

76. JOHN DEERE 7830 INJECTOR

77. ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
(g/kWh) (g/kWh) % Change
NOx 11.909 11.672 -1.99
SO2 0.103 0.051 -50.93
CO 0.666 0.623 -6.54
CO2 611.140 631.683 3.36
O2 1350.104 1431.703 6.04
HC 0.623 0.247 -60.28
PM 2.5> 0.056 0.033 -40.68
PM 2.5-PM10 0.010 0.007 -21.92
PM<10 0.012 0.007 -38.85
PM Total 0.079 0.049 -38.17
Testing performed independently by Istanbul Technical University
Test performed on a large marine diesel engine in situ on an operating ferry.
Publication is available upon request.

78. REDUCED EMISSIONS
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1 4 7 1013161922252831343740434649525558
Pre Additive
Initial Additive
Post-Drive-Additive
78
Pre Additive RESULTS Initial Additive RESULTS Post-Drive-Additive RESULTS
Mass Average
[mg/m3] 0.779 Mass Average [mg/m3] 0.687 Mass Average [mg/m3] 0.621
Mass Minimum
[mg/m3] 0.024 Mass Minimum [mg/m3] 0.036 Mass Minimum [mg/m3] 0.031
Mass Maximum
[mg/m3] 12.6 Mass Maximum [mg/m3] 11.2 Mass Maximum [mg/m3] 9.23
20% reduction in
emissions with Fuel Right
Test Performed by Mammoth
Filters, Australia
Testing in accordance with
Australian ADR80/03; alternate
USA EPA 2007 and Japan JE05.

79. CASE STUDY: 2007 Isuzu Sportiva
Summary:
Date Activity
Odometer
reading (Km)
KM
run
Fuel Used
(EURO 4 diesel)
Exhaust Opacity : Light
Absorption Coeff.
(2.2max)
27th Jan 2016 Change Oil Shell V-Power
15th Feb 2016 1st Emission test 115,530 Shell V-Power 1.81
15th Mar 2016 2nd Emission test 116,500 970 Fuel Right 0.83
Result: 55% reduction in emission reading

80. EMISSION DATA– Student Buses
Unit Model Year Result % Limit % Pass/Fail
1 International 3800 2003 5 30 PASS
2 IC Corporation 2007 7.8 30 PASS
3 Ford E450 Super Duty 2007 4.7 30 PASS
4 IC Corporation 2009 1.1 30 PASS
5 IC Corporation 2009 0.7 30 PASS
6 Chevrolet Express 2009 0.4 30 PASS
7 International 3800 2003 6.4 30 PASS
8 IC Corporation 2010 0.3 30 PASS
9 IC Corporation 2010 0.7 30 PASS
10 IC Corporation 2010 3.5 30 PASS
11 IC Corporation 2010 0.9 30 PASS
12 IC Corporation 2010 0.5 30 PASS
13 International 3800 2003 3.4 30 PASS
14 International 3800 2003 5.8 30 PASS

81. COLD WEATHER STARTING
Fuels formulated to
seasonal temps
Water is a key issue
Fuel Right pushes water out
of the fuel
Improves cold weather
starting

82. Fuel Economy
Fuel Right Optimizes Fuel Economy

83. ElinOIL – FUEL ECONOMY
Testing conducted and Recorded by ELINOIL Hellenic Petroleum Company, S.A.
Km/litre
Without Fuel Right With Fuel Right
ΥΧΒ 6534 SCANIA 141 440 HP, 12.800cc 2,04 2,28 12%
IEE 2501 MITSUBISHI CANTER 140 HP, 3.908cc, EURO 3 5,16 5,70 10%
ΙΕΕ 2669 ΜΑΝ L82 15.250, 6.871cc, EURO 3 3,81 4,67 23%
ΙΕΕ 2823 ΜΑΝ L82 15.250, 6.871cc, EURO 3 3,88 3,78 -2%
ΙΕΕ 2971 ΜΑΝ L82 15.250, 6.871cc, EURO 3 3,57 4,18 17%
ΙΕΒ 8986 MAN TGA ΗΟ9 480 HP, 12.816cc, EURO 3 2,82 2,77 -2%
ΙΒΝ 2129 MAN TGA ΗΟ9 480 HP, 12.816cc, EURO 3 3,10 3,40 9%
Average Fuel Economy Improvement 9.59%

84. STUDENT TRANSPORT CANADA
Fuel economy testing and documentation by STC in trial of 240 busses
Km/litre
Without Fuel Right With Fuel Right
Unit 1 2.90 3.08 +6.02%
Unit 2 2.67 3.18 +17.43%
Unit 3 2.64 3.06 +14.73%
Unit 4 2.71 3.13 +14.38%
Unit 5 2.72 3.18 +15.59%
Unit 6 2.97 3.10 +4.28%
Unit 7 2.83 3.14 +10.38%
Unit 8 2.86 2.86 0%
Average Fuel Economy Improvement 10.35%

85. QUESTIONS?
85
XIE XIE!