This document provides information about anthropology, sociology, and political science. It defines anthropology as the scientific study of humanity, culture, and social and cultural behavior. The document outlines the two broad fields of anthropology: physical anthropology which concerns human evolution, and cultural anthropology which includes archaeology, linguistics, and ethnology. Sociology is defined as the scientific study of social patterns and human interaction. Political science is presented as the systematic study of the state, government, and relations between individuals, groups, and states.

2. LESSON 1
The Nature, Goals and Perspective
of
ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY,
AND POLITICAL SCIENCE

3. EXPLORE
ACTIVITY 1: PIN POINT
Using the picture below,
identify the concepts that you
can associate with culture,
society, and politics.

5. FIRM UP
ANTHROPOLOGY
The etymology or origin of the term
anthropology can be traced back to two
Greek words, ‘anthropos’ and ‘logos’.
When translated into English, ‘anthropos’
means ‘human’ while ‘logos’ refers to
‘knowledge’ (Eriksen 2001: 2). In this
sense, anthropology can be understood
as the ‘knowledge about humans’ (Ibid.).
The subject of anthropological study is
humanity but unlike other disciplines in
the human sciences, anthropology
studies the diversity and similarity of the
way a person live and make connections
as social and cultural beings.

6. FIRM UP
ANTHROPOLOGY
It deals with the
scientific study of man,
his works, his body, his
behaviour and values
in time and space.

7. FIRM UP
2 BROAD FIELDS
OF
ANTHROPOLOGY
PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Mainly concerns about how humans
emerged and evolved through time
- HUMAN PALEONTOLOGY
Human beings differ biologically
- HUMAN VARIATION

8. FIRM UP
CULTURAL
ANTHROPOLOGY
ARCHAELOGY
The study of past cultures through
tangible or material remains.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS
The study of ethnic language
ETHNOLOGY
The study of recent or present
cultures.

9. The Manunggul Jar is the
secondary burial jar excavated from
Neolithic burial site in early 1960’s
in Manunggul Cave, Lipuun Point,
Palawan.
A Maranao kulintang ensemble displayed at the Bangsamoro Gallery in
the National Museum of Anthropology in Manila
The two different objects are product of the ancient Filipino culture. It
only shows that the Ancient Filipinos has a unique way of living in the
different parts of the archipelago. It also shows that the ancient Filipinos
possessed high level of knowledge of art which was the result of their
adaptation to their surroundings.

10. FIRM UP
SOCIOLOGY
Sociology, according to Joseph
Fichter, is the scientific study of social
patterned, and shared human behavior.
It analyzes human interaction which is
essential in understanding man’s cultural
make-up. It may focus its attention on all
kinds of social interaction: social arts,
social relationship, social organization,
social structures, and social processes
(Palispis, 2009 p.3). The social
relationship will provided sociological
information that will help in
understanding society objectively
through the use of scientific investigation
or methodology.

11. FIRM UP
SOCIOLOGY
The word sociology comes from the
suffix ‘logy’ from the Greek word
‘logos’ which means ‘study of’ and
the stem ‘socio’ from the Latin
word ‘socius’ which means
‘companion’, ‘member’, ‘friend’, or
‘ally’, thus referring people in
general . By examining the origin of
the word sociology, we can simply
understand that it is pertaining to a
study for human social relationship.

12. Kayan Lahwi People from Tibeto-Burman ethnic minority in
Myanmar wearing brass coil in their neck.
The study of sociology broadens the experience if
individuals as they learn to discard prejudices and become
more understanding of customs of other people and realize
that truth is relative and ‘good and bad behavior depends
upon the norms of conduct of the society in which behavior
takes place (Panopio, 1994).
Newly married child couple from Maranao
tribe. Their marriage was arranged by their
parents.

13. FIRM UP
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Political Science is a systematic
study of a state and government, with
the relationship of men in the community,
with the relations of men and groups to
the state itself, and with the relations of
state with other sovereign state abroad
(Palispis, 2009). It emphasize the use of
power, interest, influence, and diplomacy
which is important in creating a well-
ordered society.
According to Ricardo Lazo, the primary
goal of political science is citizenship
education. It requires to understand and
appreciate the duties and obligation of
being a member of a society.