This document discusses four main types of operating systems: batch, multiprogrammed, time-sharing, and real-time operating systems. Batch operating systems execute jobs in a series without manual intervention. Multiprogrammed systems allow for the one after another execution of two or more independent programs on the same computer simultaneously. Time-sharing systems allocate computer resources in time slots to multiple programs running simultaneously. Real-time operating systems deliver results immediately, as seen in aircraft computers where pilot commands require immediate response.