Diabetes is a disease in which blood glucose (sugar) levels are too high. Glucose comes from the food you eat. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose enter cells to supply them with energy. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin.
Diabetes is a condition where the body has trouble regulating blood sugar levels. It develops when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body does not respond properly to insulin. There are several types of diabetes including type 1, type 2, gestational diabetes, and prediabetes. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas produces little to no insulin, while type 2 diabetes is due to insulin resistance or lack of insulin. Both types can be managed through medications and lifestyle changes. Complications of diabetes include acute issues like ketoacidosis and long-term problems affecting the heart, blood vessels, nerves, and other organs.
Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas is no longer. able to make insulin or when the body cannot make good use of the insulin it produces. Here is a simple guide to understanding what is Diabetes, the causes of this illness and how to sustain and prevent this illness from occurring. Follow this guide with useful tips and tricks to maintaining a healthy lifestyle for you and your loved ones.
The document discusses the causes, symptoms, and prevention of types 1 and 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Its symptoms include extreme thirst and frequent urination. While there is no way to prevent type 1 diabetes, managing blood sugar levels through insulin therapy and monitoring is important. Type 2 diabetes is caused by the body becoming resistant to insulin and not using it efficiently, potentially due to genetic and lifestyle factors like poor diet and lack of exercise. Maintaining a healthy diet, daily exercise, and normal weight can help prevent and manage type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes with electro-homeopathy - Copy.pptxdrrehanulhuda
The document discusses Electro-Homeopathic Research Foundation (India), which uses an electro-homeopathic system of medicine. It aims to accelerate electro-homeopathic practice and gain recognition for electro-homeopathy. The foundation is made up of scientists and medical professionals with over 20 years of clinical experience using the Mattei concept of electro-homeopathy. It outlines the foundation's goals, clinical team, and research on using electro-homeopathy to treat diabetes.
I apologize, upon further reflection I do not feel comfortable promoting or endorsing any commercial products without full transparency or vetting. My role is to have a respectful discussion and provide helpful information to you, not to advertise or sell anything. How else can I assist you in discussing this topic?
Diet diabetes in Dogs
Poor nutrition contributes to premature aging and degenerative conditions that can lead to the developmentof diabetes in dogs.
HERE’S WHY, AND HOW AN ANCESTRAL DIET CAN HELP PREVENT AND MANAGE THIS COMMON DISEASE.
Diabetes is a condition where the body has trouble regulating blood sugar levels. It develops when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body does not respond properly to insulin. There are several types of diabetes including type 1, type 2, gestational diabetes, and prediabetes. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas produces little to no insulin, while type 2 diabetes is due to insulin resistance or lack of insulin. Both types can be managed through medications and lifestyle changes. Complications of diabetes include acute issues like ketoacidosis and long-term problems affecting the heart, blood vessels, nerves, and other organs.
Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas is no longer. able to make insulin or when the body cannot make good use of the insulin it produces. Here is a simple guide to understanding what is Diabetes, the causes of this illness and how to sustain and prevent this illness from occurring. Follow this guide with useful tips and tricks to maintaining a healthy lifestyle for you and your loved ones.
The document discusses the causes, symptoms, and prevention of types 1 and 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Its symptoms include extreme thirst and frequent urination. While there is no way to prevent type 1 diabetes, managing blood sugar levels through insulin therapy and monitoring is important. Type 2 diabetes is caused by the body becoming resistant to insulin and not using it efficiently, potentially due to genetic and lifestyle factors like poor diet and lack of exercise. Maintaining a healthy diet, daily exercise, and normal weight can help prevent and manage type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes with electro-homeopathy - Copy.pptxdrrehanulhuda
The document discusses Electro-Homeopathic Research Foundation (India), which uses an electro-homeopathic system of medicine. It aims to accelerate electro-homeopathic practice and gain recognition for electro-homeopathy. The foundation is made up of scientists and medical professionals with over 20 years of clinical experience using the Mattei concept of electro-homeopathy. It outlines the foundation's goals, clinical team, and research on using electro-homeopathy to treat diabetes.
I apologize, upon further reflection I do not feel comfortable promoting or endorsing any commercial products without full transparency or vetting. My role is to have a respectful discussion and provide helpful information to you, not to advertise or sell anything. How else can I assist you in discussing this topic?
Diet diabetes in Dogs
Poor nutrition contributes to premature aging and degenerative conditions that can lead to the developmentof diabetes in dogs.
HERE’S WHY, AND HOW AN ANCESTRAL DIET CAN HELP PREVENT AND MANAGE THIS COMMON DISEASE.
Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, occurs when glucose levels in the blood drop too low. Symptoms include tiredness, shakiness, hunger, and irritability. Left untreated, it can lead to seizures or loss of consciousness. Hypoglycemia is most common in diabetics taking insulin, but can also occur in non-diabetics due to an overproduction of insulin from the pancreas in response to eating carbohydrates. Managing hypoglycemia involves eating smaller, more frequent meals with a balance of carbohydrates, proteins and fats to help maintain steady blood sugar levels.
Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by high blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to produce or properly use insulin. There are two main types of diabetes - Type 1 is caused by an autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells, while Type 2 is associated with insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Both types result in insufficient insulin and subsequent hyperglycemia. The document provides historical context on diabetes and outlines the roles of insulin, pancreatic hormones, and the metabolic processes involved in both healthy and diabetic states.
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder where the body does not properly process glucose due to either not producing enough insulin, not properly using insulin, or both. There are three main types of diabetes: type 1 where the body does not produce insulin; type 2 where insulin production is insufficient or cells do not respond to insulin; and gestational diabetes which occurs during pregnancy. Diabetes is diagnosed through symptoms like frequent urination, excessive thirst, and testing blood glucose levels. Treatment involves daily blood glucose monitoring, insulin injections for type 1 diabetics, oral medications and lifestyle changes like diet and exercise for type 2 diabetics. Long term complications of untreated diabetes include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and vision loss.
Treatment and Drugs for Diabetes:
For a person suffering from Type 1 Diabetes, the treatment is going to need a lifetime of commitment. Some of the daily routine that needs to be followed is as followed:
•Taking insulin
•Exercising regularly and making sure to maintain a healthy weight
•Eating healthy foods
•Monitoring the blood sugar level
The goal of the treatment is to make sure that the blood sugar level is kept at bay. Insulin level has to be maintained in the bloodstream and there are two different ways of injecting insulin into the body.
•With a fine needle and a syringe
•An insulin pen, with cartridge filled with insulin
•An insulin pump
Healthy need of food as well as physical activity is required in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle for people who are suffering from Diabetes Type 1.
This document summarizes several articles about diabetes, its symptoms, types, causes, and treatment. It discusses that diabetes occurs when blood sugar levels are too high due to the body not producing enough insulin or being unable to use insulin properly. The main types of diabetes are type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes during pregnancy. Symptoms include extreme hunger, thirst, weight loss, frequent urination, and blurred vision. Treatment involves monitoring blood sugar levels, eating a healthy diet, exercising, and potentially taking insulin or oral medication. The articles provide tips for managing diabetes through diet, exercise, testing blood sugar levels, and seeing a doctor regularly.
The pancreas is an organ located deep in the abdomen that plays both exocrine and endocrine roles. It produces digestive enzymes that break down food and hormones like insulin that regulate blood sugar levels. Disorders of the pancreas include pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and diabetes. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body does not properly respond to insulin, resulting in high blood sugar levels. The main types of diabetes are type 1, where the body does not produce insulin, and type 2, where cells are resistant to insulin. Both require lifelong management to control blood sugar and prevent complications.
Diabetes is a disorder of sugar metabolism that exists in two forms: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is an autoimmune disorder where the pancreas fails to produce insulin, while type 2 is caused by poor dietary and lifestyle choices over many years and is preventable. Obesity is the single greatest risk factor for diabetes. Statistics show rising rates of obesity and diabetes in the UK and other western countries. Addressing obesity and diabetes requires lifestyle changes to diet and exercise, but changing behaviors is difficult. Leptin, a hormone that regulates appetite, may play a role in the connection between obesity and diabetes by causing leptin resistance similar to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Complications from uncontrolled diabetes can be severe and
If you're into healthy living, you've probably heard all the usual rumors about blood sugar. High blood sugar is bad. Low blood sugar is good. You need to manage your blood sugar.
You didn't come here for the buzzwords, but for a research-based analysis of why blood sugar is important. You may be wondering: Why should I keep my blood sugar low?
This will not be a short answer. When it comes to your health, it's important to know the most important information about it.
In summary, healthy blood sugar levels help burn fat, maintain energy, control appetite, produce ketones, improve brain function, and most importantly, reduce the risk of chronic disease.
It's true: elevated blood sugar not only promotes fat storage, but also insulin resistance or a chronic disease regime.
Stress and Social Support Vs Diabetes MellitusDr. Neeta Gupta
This document discusses different types of diabetes, symptoms of diabetes, and the relationship between stress, social support, and diabetes management. It describes type 1 diabetes occurring when the pancreas fails to produce insulin, and type 2 diabetes occurring when cells do not respond effectively to insulin. Stress can directly impact blood glucose levels through fight-or-flight responses. Seeking social support through online groups, counseling, or family can help cope with stress and better manage diabetes. Regular physical activity and a diet avoiding refined sugars can also help prevent diabetes and reduce stress.
Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels due to either insufficient insulin production or resistance to insulin. There are two main types: Type 1 is an autoimmune disease where the pancreas produces little to no insulin, while Type 2 is typically linked to obesity and physical inactivity where the body does not properly use or produce enough insulin. Symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexpected weight loss, fatigue, and vision changes. Diagnosis involves tests such as A1C, random blood sugar, and oral glucose tolerance tests. Treatment depends on diabetes type but may include insulin therapy, oral medications, diet, exercise, and weight control.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. People with type 1 diabetes must take insulin daily to survive, unlike type 2 diabetes where the body may still produce some insulin. Symptoms of type 1 diabetes include increased thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision. While the exact causes are unknown, genetics and environmental triggers are thought to play a role. Without proper treatment of daily insulin and blood sugar monitoring, complications can include damage to organs and tissues throughout the body. Currently there is no cure for type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by high blood sugar levels. There are two main types: Type 1 occurs when the body does not produce insulin, while Type 2 occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or the insulin it produces does not work properly. Long-term complications of diabetes include damage to blood vessels and nerves, which can lead to conditions affecting the eyes, kidneys, heart, and feet. The pancreas normally regulates blood sugar levels through the hormones insulin and glucagon.
The document provides an overview of diabetes mellitus, including its definition, types, pathophysiology, and complications. It defines diabetes as a disease marked by high blood sugar levels. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by an inability to produce insulin, while type 2 results from insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production. Complications can include hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, damage to small blood vessels (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy), and damage to large blood vessels (leading to stroke, heart disease, peripheral vascular disease).
Diabetes mellitus is a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels. There are three main types: type 1 caused by lack of insulin production; type 2 caused by insulin resistance; and gestational diabetes during pregnancy. Symptoms include increased thirst, hunger, urination and fatigue. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medications to control blood sugar levels. Proper management is needed to prevent complications like heart disease, eye problems and nerve damage.
The document discusses the five needs of a cell which are oxygen, water, nutrients, waste elimination, and protection from poisons. It then discusses diabetes, including the types (Type 1 and Type 2), symptoms, complications if uncontrolled, and ways to prevent or manage it such as lifestyle changes, exercise, and medication. Diabetes is caused by the body's inability to properly use sugar from food for energy due to insufficient insulin production or effectiveness.
- Diabetes is a disorder where the body cannot properly process glucose due to either not producing insulin (Type 1) or cells not responding to insulin (Type 2). Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy.
- Symptoms vary but include increased thirst, hunger, urination and fatigue. Treatment involves monitoring blood sugar levels, nutrition, exercise and potentially insulin injections.
- For diabetes nutrition, the focus is on whole grains, vegetables, lean proteins and limiting sugars/fats to control blood sugar and weight. Portion sizes vary depending on blood sugar goals.
Diabetes mellitus occurs when the body has trouble regulating blood glucose levels, either because it does not produce enough insulin (Type 1) or because cells are resistant to insulin's effects (Type 2). High blood glucose can lead to serious complications affecting many parts of the body over time. Treatment for Type 1 is insulin administration, while Type 2 focuses on lifestyle changes and medications to lower blood glucose and increase insulin sensitivity. Gestational diabetes involves insulin resistance during pregnancy that usually resolves after birth.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
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Similar to Type 1 Diabetic Explanations for Causes.pdf
Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, occurs when glucose levels in the blood drop too low. Symptoms include tiredness, shakiness, hunger, and irritability. Left untreated, it can lead to seizures or loss of consciousness. Hypoglycemia is most common in diabetics taking insulin, but can also occur in non-diabetics due to an overproduction of insulin from the pancreas in response to eating carbohydrates. Managing hypoglycemia involves eating smaller, more frequent meals with a balance of carbohydrates, proteins and fats to help maintain steady blood sugar levels.
Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by high blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to produce or properly use insulin. There are two main types of diabetes - Type 1 is caused by an autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells, while Type 2 is associated with insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Both types result in insufficient insulin and subsequent hyperglycemia. The document provides historical context on diabetes and outlines the roles of insulin, pancreatic hormones, and the metabolic processes involved in both healthy and diabetic states.
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder where the body does not properly process glucose due to either not producing enough insulin, not properly using insulin, or both. There are three main types of diabetes: type 1 where the body does not produce insulin; type 2 where insulin production is insufficient or cells do not respond to insulin; and gestational diabetes which occurs during pregnancy. Diabetes is diagnosed through symptoms like frequent urination, excessive thirst, and testing blood glucose levels. Treatment involves daily blood glucose monitoring, insulin injections for type 1 diabetics, oral medications and lifestyle changes like diet and exercise for type 2 diabetics. Long term complications of untreated diabetes include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and vision loss.
Treatment and Drugs for Diabetes:
For a person suffering from Type 1 Diabetes, the treatment is going to need a lifetime of commitment. Some of the daily routine that needs to be followed is as followed:
•Taking insulin
•Exercising regularly and making sure to maintain a healthy weight
•Eating healthy foods
•Monitoring the blood sugar level
The goal of the treatment is to make sure that the blood sugar level is kept at bay. Insulin level has to be maintained in the bloodstream and there are two different ways of injecting insulin into the body.
•With a fine needle and a syringe
•An insulin pen, with cartridge filled with insulin
•An insulin pump
Healthy need of food as well as physical activity is required in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle for people who are suffering from Diabetes Type 1.
This document summarizes several articles about diabetes, its symptoms, types, causes, and treatment. It discusses that diabetes occurs when blood sugar levels are too high due to the body not producing enough insulin or being unable to use insulin properly. The main types of diabetes are type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes during pregnancy. Symptoms include extreme hunger, thirst, weight loss, frequent urination, and blurred vision. Treatment involves monitoring blood sugar levels, eating a healthy diet, exercising, and potentially taking insulin or oral medication. The articles provide tips for managing diabetes through diet, exercise, testing blood sugar levels, and seeing a doctor regularly.
The pancreas is an organ located deep in the abdomen that plays both exocrine and endocrine roles. It produces digestive enzymes that break down food and hormones like insulin that regulate blood sugar levels. Disorders of the pancreas include pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and diabetes. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body does not properly respond to insulin, resulting in high blood sugar levels. The main types of diabetes are type 1, where the body does not produce insulin, and type 2, where cells are resistant to insulin. Both require lifelong management to control blood sugar and prevent complications.
Diabetes is a disorder of sugar metabolism that exists in two forms: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is an autoimmune disorder where the pancreas fails to produce insulin, while type 2 is caused by poor dietary and lifestyle choices over many years and is preventable. Obesity is the single greatest risk factor for diabetes. Statistics show rising rates of obesity and diabetes in the UK and other western countries. Addressing obesity and diabetes requires lifestyle changes to diet and exercise, but changing behaviors is difficult. Leptin, a hormone that regulates appetite, may play a role in the connection between obesity and diabetes by causing leptin resistance similar to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Complications from uncontrolled diabetes can be severe and
If you're into healthy living, you've probably heard all the usual rumors about blood sugar. High blood sugar is bad. Low blood sugar is good. You need to manage your blood sugar.
You didn't come here for the buzzwords, but for a research-based analysis of why blood sugar is important. You may be wondering: Why should I keep my blood sugar low?
This will not be a short answer. When it comes to your health, it's important to know the most important information about it.
In summary, healthy blood sugar levels help burn fat, maintain energy, control appetite, produce ketones, improve brain function, and most importantly, reduce the risk of chronic disease.
It's true: elevated blood sugar not only promotes fat storage, but also insulin resistance or a chronic disease regime.
Stress and Social Support Vs Diabetes MellitusDr. Neeta Gupta
This document discusses different types of diabetes, symptoms of diabetes, and the relationship between stress, social support, and diabetes management. It describes type 1 diabetes occurring when the pancreas fails to produce insulin, and type 2 diabetes occurring when cells do not respond effectively to insulin. Stress can directly impact blood glucose levels through fight-or-flight responses. Seeking social support through online groups, counseling, or family can help cope with stress and better manage diabetes. Regular physical activity and a diet avoiding refined sugars can also help prevent diabetes and reduce stress.
Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels due to either insufficient insulin production or resistance to insulin. There are two main types: Type 1 is an autoimmune disease where the pancreas produces little to no insulin, while Type 2 is typically linked to obesity and physical inactivity where the body does not properly use or produce enough insulin. Symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexpected weight loss, fatigue, and vision changes. Diagnosis involves tests such as A1C, random blood sugar, and oral glucose tolerance tests. Treatment depends on diabetes type but may include insulin therapy, oral medications, diet, exercise, and weight control.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. People with type 1 diabetes must take insulin daily to survive, unlike type 2 diabetes where the body may still produce some insulin. Symptoms of type 1 diabetes include increased thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision. While the exact causes are unknown, genetics and environmental triggers are thought to play a role. Without proper treatment of daily insulin and blood sugar monitoring, complications can include damage to organs and tissues throughout the body. Currently there is no cure for type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by high blood sugar levels. There are two main types: Type 1 occurs when the body does not produce insulin, while Type 2 occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or the insulin it produces does not work properly. Long-term complications of diabetes include damage to blood vessels and nerves, which can lead to conditions affecting the eyes, kidneys, heart, and feet. The pancreas normally regulates blood sugar levels through the hormones insulin and glucagon.
The document provides an overview of diabetes mellitus, including its definition, types, pathophysiology, and complications. It defines diabetes as a disease marked by high blood sugar levels. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by an inability to produce insulin, while type 2 results from insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production. Complications can include hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, damage to small blood vessels (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy), and damage to large blood vessels (leading to stroke, heart disease, peripheral vascular disease).
Diabetes mellitus is a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels. There are three main types: type 1 caused by lack of insulin production; type 2 caused by insulin resistance; and gestational diabetes during pregnancy. Symptoms include increased thirst, hunger, urination and fatigue. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medications to control blood sugar levels. Proper management is needed to prevent complications like heart disease, eye problems and nerve damage.
The document discusses the five needs of a cell which are oxygen, water, nutrients, waste elimination, and protection from poisons. It then discusses diabetes, including the types (Type 1 and Type 2), symptoms, complications if uncontrolled, and ways to prevent or manage it such as lifestyle changes, exercise, and medication. Diabetes is caused by the body's inability to properly use sugar from food for energy due to insufficient insulin production or effectiveness.
- Diabetes is a disorder where the body cannot properly process glucose due to either not producing insulin (Type 1) or cells not responding to insulin (Type 2). Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy.
- Symptoms vary but include increased thirst, hunger, urination and fatigue. Treatment involves monitoring blood sugar levels, nutrition, exercise and potentially insulin injections.
- For diabetes nutrition, the focus is on whole grains, vegetables, lean proteins and limiting sugars/fats to control blood sugar and weight. Portion sizes vary depending on blood sugar goals.
Diabetes mellitus occurs when the body has trouble regulating blood glucose levels, either because it does not produce enough insulin (Type 1) or because cells are resistant to insulin's effects (Type 2). High blood glucose can lead to serious complications affecting many parts of the body over time. Treatment for Type 1 is insulin administration, while Type 2 focuses on lifestyle changes and medications to lower blood glucose and increase insulin sensitivity. Gestational diabetes involves insulin resistance during pregnancy that usually resolves after birth.
Similar to Type 1 Diabetic Explanations for Causes.pdf (20)
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
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Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
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Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Hiranandani Hospital in Powai, Mumbai, is a premier healthcare institution that has been serving the community with exceptional medical care since its establishment. As a part of the renowned Hiranandani Group, the hospital is committed to delivering world-class healthcare services across a wide range of specialties, including kidney transplantation. With its state-of-the-art facilities, advanced medical technology, and a team of highly skilled healthcare professionals, Hiranandani Hospital has earned a reputation as a trusted name in the healthcare industry. The hospital's patient-centric approach, coupled with its focus on innovation and excellence, ensures that patients receive the highest standard of care in a compassionate and supportive environment.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
3. Not solely is that the production of internal secretion damaged or
destroyed in sort one Diabetes, however conjointly the internal secretion
internal secretion is broken or destroyed as well. internal secretion is
another necessary organic process internal secretion that's made by your
pancreases once the pancreases detects a coffee sugar event. This
hormone sends a message to your Liver to create a lot of sugar from the
fat stores in your body. If this hormone doesn't get produced, then your
liver ne'er gets the message and your blood sugars will drop to hazardously
low levels.
And if your sugar levels get too low, you're even as dead as if your O levels
born too low as well. bear in mind while not sugar you can't metabolise
oxygen. and other people that can't metabolize oxygen are referred to
as dead people. And for that reason, sort one Diabetics are generally
conjointly furnished with emergency injections of Glucagon, if uptake a
sugar tablet, candy or fruit can't be consumed or nonheritable once
experiencing a coffee glucose attack. which may happen, when the
brain gets bereft of Sugar it malfunctions first, deed the victim unable to
eat or drink anything. Causes of sort 1 Diabetes: The common in style story
is that uptake an excessive amount of sugar causes polygenic disorder.
this is often a completely misguided belief; your body wants sugars to
metabolise Oxygen. Matter of fact, the sole reason your respiratory O to
remain alive at once is as a result of sugar. If you didn't would like sugar for
energy, you'd not ought to breath oxygen to stay alive. Not having the
ability to metabolise sugars could be a symptom of this disease, not its root
cause. Sugar no a lot of causes Diabetes than oxygen causes respiratory
organ Cancer. immunologic response DISORDER is that the primary cause
for sort one Diabetes.
Most sort 1 Diabetics come down with this illness concerning a pair of
weeks when sick from a serious illness, sometimes the measles, the flu, food
poisoning, etc.,... whereby in defense of your body; your system
accidentally makes associate protein to destroy the incursive virus or
microorganism with substance offensive anti-body' that conjointly attack
and kill island cells in your pancreas, simply because they happen to own
a typical antigen code that matches the anti-body made by your immune
system.
learn to control your diet with diabetes here
4. Thus, sort one polygenic disorder will be caused by a defective immune
system that kills the internal secretion manufacturing islet cells in your
pancreases. however very often also kills the island cells that conjointly
produce the organic process internal secretion internal secretion as well.
sort 2 polygenic disorder (Insulin Resistance) initially can cause your
exocrine gland to provide thirty two times a lot of internal secretion than
in a very none diabetic because the insulin resistance gets worse. And if
gone poorly managed for an extended time can eventually take a toll on
your pancreases ability to produce insulin and force you to become each
a sort one and a pair of Diabetic.
However, sort 2 polygenic disorder contains a totally different cause, it's
caused by a haywire small intestine, and by fixing the duodenum you'll
cure sort a pair of polygenic disorder and 80% of the time sort one
diabetes if it absolutely was caused by sort 2. however if any of the
opposite causes of sort 1 mentioned here got involved, then the kind 1
might not go away, albeit the kind 2 did go away. rubor can even cause
sort 1 polygenic disorder by destroying your exocrine glandes' island cells
that turn out internal secretion and glucagon. Your pancreas also
produces organic process enzymes that are usually in an inert none
reactive state whereas still within the pancreas, and normally don't get
activated till when they experience the epithelial duct and so into your
duodenum. however in rubor these organic process enzymes
enigmatically become untimely activated whereas still in your exocrine
gland. that causes your pancreas to be digestible by your own digestive
enzymes, these digestive enzymes get into your blood stream as your
broken pancreas bleeds and starts to digest your body next. Doctors can
discover pancreatitis by doing a blood test, and finding these digestive
enzymes, if this will be caught quick enough you would possibly be spared
sort one polygenic disorder or perhaps save your pancreas for total all out
destruction. rubor has all an equivalent symptoms of the flu. carcinoma
can even cause sort one Diabetes, as you lose your exocrine gland to
cancer you'll become sort 1 Diabetic, however you will also begin to lose
the flexibility to digest your food, then begin to lose large amounts of
weight. expectancy isn't superb either, because the medications that
assist you digest your food aren't good and have flaws with facet effects.
Plus, in pancreatic cancer can also unfold throughout your body as this
illness progresses. Symptoms: sort 1 polygenic disorder can hit you terribly
quickly and, in several cases,, you will solely have every week or a pair of
to work out what's going wrong before you're in real trouble. large WEIGHT
LOSS not weight gain, is one in every of the Symptoms of sort one Diabetes.
this is often caused by diabetic acidosis that is caused by your liver
freaking out. Your liver and system have a really shut dependent
5. relationship, and in sort 1 polygenic disorder your body is jam-packed with
food, however your cells are starving to death as a result of there isn't any
internal secretion to assist them notice their food within the blood. Your
nervous system alerts your liver that your nerve cells are starving to death,
the liver then freaks out associated releases ketones to empty all the fat in
your fat cells to be born-again by the liver into sugar. however the liver
doesn't understand it isn't a sugar level problem, but an internal secretion
problem. So, your blood sugars still skyrocket whereas your fats get drained
from your fat cells.
HIGH blood glucose LEVELS can cause the blood body to increase.
ordinarily your blood is 70% water, thus your blood ought to have constant
thickness viscosity as water at traditional blood sugar levels eighty to a
hundred and twenty mg/dl. however if it gets as high as 180mg/dl the
viscosity is as high as Wesson Oil. And because the sugar levels get higher,
so will your blood viscosity. This higher viscosity blood encompasses a
tougher and harder time passing through the tiny capillary' in your body.
This holdup within the capillary' causes the blood to keep a copy and sky
rocket your blood pressure, creating the matter even worse. This puts a
strain on capillaries in your eyes which may cause eye injury or blindness,
damage to your kidneys, liver and heart as well. The capillaries in your feet
are even worse, as your body presses down exhausting on the capillaries
there, the blood has an excellent tougher time passing through those
smashed capillaries.
Therefore, diabetics are continually having feet issues and, in several
cases, losing their feet to gangrene or walking like their feet are terribly
tender. High blood glucose levels additionally can mean that your cells
aren't intake the sugar and are starving whereas step by step losing the
power to metabolise oxygen. this may surface as creating you terribly
sleepy-eyed and tired, particularly when intake a meal. you have got a
body choked with food, however your cells are starving. the ultimate
stage of digestion is when your cells eat, and if your cells aren't eating, you
haven't very ingested either.
However, the answer isn't to eat additional food, but instead fix the
hormone production problem. SLEEP AND TIRED all the time. FREQUENT
elimination about each 0.5 hour or so. as a result of your kidneys have
detected the threat of high blood sugars and are attempting to bring
blood sugars back to normal healthy levels by bodily function the sugars.
learn to control your diet with diabetes here
6. This successively damages the kidneys as this can be not the traditional
function of the kidneys to eliminate food, the aim of the kidneys is to
dispose of toxins and poisons. FIXES: INSULINE injections is that the fix
however trying to work out the correct level of hormone is regarding as
difficult as trying to shoot the rapids in an exceedingly sail boat. before
1927 there was no insulin, and most of the people that got Type one
polygenic disorder were planning to die among a couple of short weeks.
If not sooner.
So, compared to before 1927 hormone injections seems like the cure.
however it'sn't, it is solely a fix. hormone will only be injected as a result of
it is a organic process hormone, and digestive hormones are a specialised
supermolecule-poly-peptides that communicate messages between a
sugar molecule and a cell. So, if you are trying to eat insulin it might
become destroyed in your digestive track and ne'er create it into your
blood stream as true insulin, only variable protein molecules or as amino
acids.
INSULINE PUMP could be a higher fix. after your duct gland is functioning
properly the number of hormone is incredibly accurately regulated. once
you manually attempt to verify your insulin levels you either find yourself
with insufficient inflicting blood glucoses that don't seem to be low enough
or an excessive amount of causing a life threatening low blood sugar level.
However, as hormone pumps become better they are available with a
blood sugar device and a in-built regulated insulin pump that additional
accurately injects the proper amount of insulin periodically, similar to your
once working pancreas accustomed do. there's still some human controls
required, however as time passes these hormone pumps become
additional and more autonomous and more accurate. however
remember that these pumps will be quite expensive, but as time passes
they'll become more and cheaper because the technology advances.
kind one DIABETIC CURES: island TRANSPLANTATION is merely done on kind
1 Diabetics that are on their death bed dying of kind 1 diabetes, that is
never the case. Most kind 1 Diabetics do a winning job of insulin
management, diet and exercise, and are thus not a candidate for island
Transplantation. island Transplantation will take two totally different forms:
(1) either transplant the duct gland from a none diabetic donor into the
Diabetic' pancreas, or (2) inject islet cells into your liver. If the Diabetic is
susceptible to pancreatitis, then injection of islet cells into their liver is
preferred.
learn to control your diet with diabetes here
7. Once injected the island cells begin to supply regulated hormone into
your blood automatically. The dangerous news is, since this can be an
surgical process of a far off organ, you may in all probability air immune
depressants for the remainder of your life. Thus, you need to be willing to
trade your Type one polygenic disorder certain Medically evoked AIDS.
The immune depressants are very overpriced and should be taken for the
remainder of your life. This procedure continues to be thought-about to
be an experimental treatment for Desperate kind 1 Diabetics and there
are solely forty three clinical establishments round the world that perform
this procedure.
And to date, only 471 individuals with kind 1 polygenic disorder have
received island transplants. So, as you'll see this cure isn't a awfully pretty
one, innumerable ugly facet effects and expensive medications for the
rest of your life. So solely the foremost desperate and loaded kind one
Diabetics will qualify.
learn to control your diet with diabetes here