Elements of cancer immunity and the cancer-immune set pointWeiting Lin
Academic Sinica MIB group
Introduction to 4th part
1. how to categorize the patient's pathology profile into immune phenotype in order to predict the prognosis of immunotherapy
Biology Molecular
University of Haifa. (2015, August 13). Big data and the social character of genes. ScienceDaily. Retrieved September 12, 2015 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/08/150813084035.htm
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. (2015, August 4). Keeping algae from stressing out. ScienceDaily. Retrieved September 12, 2015 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/08/150804144013.htm
Martínez Sánchez, Lina María. Biología Molecular. 8.ed. Medellín. UPB. Facultad de Medicina.
The 6th Annual Meeting of the International Cytokine & Interferon Society, 27 - 30 October, 2018 at the Westin Boston Waterfront, in Boston, USA, will bring together leading investigators across many different research disciplines in the field of cytokine biology, impacting all aspects of medicine, from cancer to autoimmune disease to neural development and function. A common ground where scientists interested in all aspect of cytokine biology can join and work together to better human health. The Co-Chairs for this meeting are Dr. Christopher Hunter, (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA), Dr. Anne O’Gara (Crick Institute, London, UK) and Dr. Kate Fitzgerald (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA); together, these scientists cover a broad spectrum of scientific expertise relevant to the interests of the ICIS.
The meeting will help bridge the gap between the scientists performing basic research on molecular and cellular mechanisms of immune cell activation and function with those working to develop this knowledge into novel therapies. It is our hope that attendees will gain a deeper understanding of how cytokines network together to maintain health, and gain an appreciation for the many potential strategies for targeting the network to create better drugs. The meeting will provide an outstanding forum for investigators in basic science and clinical research to present their most recent findings on the role of cytokines (including interferons, chemokines, and various pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory factors) in infection, cancer, allergy and autoimmunity, as well as in various other inflammatory and immune diseases. The meeting will also provide an opportunity for updates on the development of novel therapeutic interventions in these fields and help spur international collaborations among the meeting participants.
Elements of cancer immunity and the cancer-immune set pointWeiting Lin
Academic Sinica MIB group
Introduction to 4th part
1. how to categorize the patient's pathology profile into immune phenotype in order to predict the prognosis of immunotherapy
Biology Molecular
University of Haifa. (2015, August 13). Big data and the social character of genes. ScienceDaily. Retrieved September 12, 2015 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/08/150813084035.htm
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. (2015, August 4). Keeping algae from stressing out. ScienceDaily. Retrieved September 12, 2015 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/08/150804144013.htm
Martínez Sánchez, Lina María. Biología Molecular. 8.ed. Medellín. UPB. Facultad de Medicina.
The 6th Annual Meeting of the International Cytokine & Interferon Society, 27 - 30 October, 2018 at the Westin Boston Waterfront, in Boston, USA, will bring together leading investigators across many different research disciplines in the field of cytokine biology, impacting all aspects of medicine, from cancer to autoimmune disease to neural development and function. A common ground where scientists interested in all aspect of cytokine biology can join and work together to better human health. The Co-Chairs for this meeting are Dr. Christopher Hunter, (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA), Dr. Anne O’Gara (Crick Institute, London, UK) and Dr. Kate Fitzgerald (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA); together, these scientists cover a broad spectrum of scientific expertise relevant to the interests of the ICIS.
The meeting will help bridge the gap between the scientists performing basic research on molecular and cellular mechanisms of immune cell activation and function with those working to develop this knowledge into novel therapies. It is our hope that attendees will gain a deeper understanding of how cytokines network together to maintain health, and gain an appreciation for the many potential strategies for targeting the network to create better drugs. The meeting will provide an outstanding forum for investigators in basic science and clinical research to present their most recent findings on the role of cytokines (including interferons, chemokines, and various pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory factors) in infection, cancer, allergy and autoimmunity, as well as in various other inflammatory and immune diseases. The meeting will also provide an opportunity for updates on the development of novel therapeutic interventions in these fields and help spur international collaborations among the meeting participants.
This is part of our project that aims to assess current state of anti-microbial resistance in Egypt with a specific focus on development of anti-parasitic drugs resistance in addition.
Dr. David Guillespie - Identificación de dianas de daño en el DNA en la terap...CIBICAN - ULL
Presentación del Dr. David Guillespie, investigador contratado por el CIBICAN - Universidad de La Laguna gracias al Proyecto Europeo IMBRAIN, en relación a los resultados alcanzados durante la ejecución del mismo y los planes de futuro. La misma se presentó durante las Jornadas IMBRAIN llevadas a cabo el 13 de Octubre de 2015 en la Sección de Física en la Universidad de La Laguna
Immunotherapy is a fourth pillar in cancer management after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Active immunotherapy works by inducing antigen specific immune response following its administration while checkpoint inhibitor works by reducing tumor induced immunosuppression and thereby utilizing pre-existing immune response. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a type of personalized therapy wherein cells are harvested from a patient, expanded and reintroduced. The T cells are genetically modified in chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy while tumor infiltrating cells are used in in ACT and dendritic cells are used in dendritic cell (DC) vaccine. Vaccine induces T cell response against the antigen of interest. T cells available following single administration are higher in ACT compared to vaccine approach. CAR-T cells are found useful in refractory large B-cell lymphoma and refractory large B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ACT is found useful in melanoma. Vaccines are approved for melanoma as a monotherapy and for non-small cell lung cancer in combination with chemotherapy.
Crosstalk Between Cancer Inflammation and Immunity: Host Defense Webinar Seri...QIAGEN
This slidedeck will review the mechanisms of anticancer immune responses, which include immune checkpoints and the cross-talk between cancer cells and the cellular mediators of inflammation and immunity. The impact of gut microbiota in eliciting the immune responses against cancer and modulating the effects of drugs will also be discussed. In addition, we will discuss the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer progression and immune responses. Research tools and therapeutic strategies are also presented.
Human Disease Ontology Project presented at ISB's Biocurator meeting April 2014Lynn Schriml
The Human Disease Ontology (DO), organized as a directed acyclic graph, represents a knowledge base of inherited, environmental, infectious diseases (http://www.disease-ontology.org). DO's textual definition model incorporates a semi-structured format describing the disease etiology built to capture the complex nature of human disease etiology within a is_a hierarchy. DO includes disease concepts for cancer, metabolic disease, infectious disease, mental disorders, genetic disease and syndromes. DO contains disease definitions, external references to resources including ICD, NCI-metathesaurus, SNOMED, MeSH and OMIM and extended relationships that conform to OBO guidelines. DO provides a central ‘switchboard’ for connecting resources, datasets, and computational tools that include disease terms or relationships.
Approaches of biotechnology in medicalVipin Shukla
Medical Biotechnology is defined as the branch of science that delas with the study of use of living cells in Research and pharmaceuticals and diagnostic products that help to treat and prevent human diseases.
OMIM Integration in Human Disease OntologyLynn Schriml
Genetic diseases in the Human Disease Ontology are cross mapped to OMIM (www.omim.org). Here we present the process on data integration and management for coordinating data updates across resources.
Dr. Patrick Hwu presents the latest information on immunotherapies for melanoma at the MRF's Patient Symposium at MD Anderson Cancer Center on January 31, 2015.
Dr. Dennis Wang discusses possible ways to enable ML methods to be more powerful for discovery and to reduce ambiguity within translational medicine, allowing data-informed decision-making to deliver the next generation of diagnostics and therapeutics to patients quicker, at lowered costs, and at scale.
The talk by Dr. Dennis Wang was followed by a panel discussion with Mr. Albert Wang, M. Eng., Head, IT Business Partner, Translational Research & Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb.
This is part of our project that aims to assess current state of anti-microbial resistance in Egypt with a specific focus on development of anti-parasitic drugs resistance in addition.
Dr. David Guillespie - Identificación de dianas de daño en el DNA en la terap...CIBICAN - ULL
Presentación del Dr. David Guillespie, investigador contratado por el CIBICAN - Universidad de La Laguna gracias al Proyecto Europeo IMBRAIN, en relación a los resultados alcanzados durante la ejecución del mismo y los planes de futuro. La misma se presentó durante las Jornadas IMBRAIN llevadas a cabo el 13 de Octubre de 2015 en la Sección de Física en la Universidad de La Laguna
Immunotherapy is a fourth pillar in cancer management after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Active immunotherapy works by inducing antigen specific immune response following its administration while checkpoint inhibitor works by reducing tumor induced immunosuppression and thereby utilizing pre-existing immune response. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a type of personalized therapy wherein cells are harvested from a patient, expanded and reintroduced. The T cells are genetically modified in chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy while tumor infiltrating cells are used in in ACT and dendritic cells are used in dendritic cell (DC) vaccine. Vaccine induces T cell response against the antigen of interest. T cells available following single administration are higher in ACT compared to vaccine approach. CAR-T cells are found useful in refractory large B-cell lymphoma and refractory large B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ACT is found useful in melanoma. Vaccines are approved for melanoma as a monotherapy and for non-small cell lung cancer in combination with chemotherapy.
Crosstalk Between Cancer Inflammation and Immunity: Host Defense Webinar Seri...QIAGEN
This slidedeck will review the mechanisms of anticancer immune responses, which include immune checkpoints and the cross-talk between cancer cells and the cellular mediators of inflammation and immunity. The impact of gut microbiota in eliciting the immune responses against cancer and modulating the effects of drugs will also be discussed. In addition, we will discuss the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer progression and immune responses. Research tools and therapeutic strategies are also presented.
Human Disease Ontology Project presented at ISB's Biocurator meeting April 2014Lynn Schriml
The Human Disease Ontology (DO), organized as a directed acyclic graph, represents a knowledge base of inherited, environmental, infectious diseases (http://www.disease-ontology.org). DO's textual definition model incorporates a semi-structured format describing the disease etiology built to capture the complex nature of human disease etiology within a is_a hierarchy. DO includes disease concepts for cancer, metabolic disease, infectious disease, mental disorders, genetic disease and syndromes. DO contains disease definitions, external references to resources including ICD, NCI-metathesaurus, SNOMED, MeSH and OMIM and extended relationships that conform to OBO guidelines. DO provides a central ‘switchboard’ for connecting resources, datasets, and computational tools that include disease terms or relationships.
Approaches of biotechnology in medicalVipin Shukla
Medical Biotechnology is defined as the branch of science that delas with the study of use of living cells in Research and pharmaceuticals and diagnostic products that help to treat and prevent human diseases.
OMIM Integration in Human Disease OntologyLynn Schriml
Genetic diseases in the Human Disease Ontology are cross mapped to OMIM (www.omim.org). Here we present the process on data integration and management for coordinating data updates across resources.
Dr. Patrick Hwu presents the latest information on immunotherapies for melanoma at the MRF's Patient Symposium at MD Anderson Cancer Center on January 31, 2015.
Dr. Dennis Wang discusses possible ways to enable ML methods to be more powerful for discovery and to reduce ambiguity within translational medicine, allowing data-informed decision-making to deliver the next generation of diagnostics and therapeutics to patients quicker, at lowered costs, and at scale.
The talk by Dr. Dennis Wang was followed by a panel discussion with Mr. Albert Wang, M. Eng., Head, IT Business Partner, Translational Research & Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb.
How can immunotherapy be used to treat metastatic breast cancer? Ian Krop, MD, PhD, discusses the latest research and treatment options.
This presentation was originally given as part of the 2015 Metastatic Breast Cancer Forum, held on October 17 and hosted by the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Mass.
For more information, visit www.susanfsmith.org
Naiyer Rizvi, MD, Omid Hamid, MD, Solange Peters, MD, PhD, Thomas Powles, MBBS, MRCP, MD, and Nadeem Riaz, MD, MSc, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to immuno-oncology for this CME activity titled "Emerging Biomarkers, New Targets, and Rational Combinations: Are We on the Verge of the Next Generation of Immuno-Oncology?" For the full presentation, monograph, complete CME information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at http://bit.ly/2H2s92Y. CME credit will be available until June 17, 2019.
A normal cell can be transformed into a cancerous cell. Discuss the therapeutic strategies that are employed to target the cellular transformation process for cancer prevention and treatment.
Webinar: Defeating Superbugs: Hospitals on the Front Lines Modern Healthcare
About the Webinar: Defeating Superbugs: Hospitals on the Front Lines
http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20140917/INFO/309179926
Hospitals across the country are facing a grim reality in which some of the most deadly healthcare-associated infections they encounter are untreatable with first- or even second-line antibiotics. These “superbugs” affect at least 2 million Americans each year and lead to 23,000 deaths. And their threat is growing, public health officials warn. This editorial webinar and “Defeating Superbugs” white paper will explore the steps providers must take to ramp up surveillance efforts, promote appropriate antibiotic use and control outbreaks. Our panel of experts will share their organizations' experiences as well as proven strategies for success.
Registration for this webinar includes Modern Healthcare's “Defeating Superbugs” white paper, with proven tips and strategies for promoting appropriate antibiotic use, improving infection surveillance, identifying drug-resistant infections and dealing with outbreaks.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
- Best practices for effective antimicrobial stewardship
- Real-world examples of effective interventions, including universal rapid testing for drug-resistant MRSA
- Tips for engaging senior leadership
- Aggressive strategies for controlling outbreaks
PANELISTS
Lance Peterson
Director of the Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Research Division
NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill.
Anurag Malani
Medical Director for the Infection Prevention and Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs
St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Robert Weinstein
Chief Medical Officer for Population Health
Chairman of the Department of Medicine, Cook County Health and Hospitals System; Professor, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago
MODERATOR
Maureen McKinney
Editorial Programs Manager
Modern Healthcare
TIL (Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocyte) therapy.pptxCancerFax
In the ongoing battle against cancer, medical researchers are constantly exploring innovative treatments that can effectively target and eliminate malignant cells while sparing healthy tissue. Among these emerging therapies, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy stands out as a promising approach that harnesses the body's own immune system to combat cancer.
Understanding Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes
TIL therapy revolves around a crucial component of the immune system: lymphocytes, specifically T cells. These specialized white blood cells play a pivotal role in identifying and destroying abnormal cells, including cancerous ones. However, in many cases, tumors manage to evade the immune system's surveillance mechanisms, allowing them to grow and spread unchecked.
TIL therapy aims to overcome this evasion by extracting immune cells from a patient's tumor tissue, where T cells have already infiltrated the cancerous mass. These TILs are then isolated, expanded, and activated outside the body before being reintroduced into the patient. By bolstering the immune response with a concentrated dose of tumor-targeting T cells, this therapy seeks to tip the balance in favor of the immune system, enabling it to mount a more effective attack against the cancer.
The Therapeutic Process
The journey of TIL therapy begins with the surgical removal of a tumor specimen from the patient. From this tissue, TILs are isolated using specialized techniques in the laboratory. These extracted T cells are then cultured and expanded to increase their numbers dramatically, creating a robust army of immune cells primed for combat.
Once a sufficient quantity of activated TILs has been generated, they are infused back into the patient's bloodstream. Due to specific molecular signals sent out by cancer cells, these engineered immune cells focus on the tumor site as they travel throughout the body. Upon reaching their destination, the TILs launch a multifaceted assault, directly attacking malignant cells and recruiting other components of the immune system to join the fight.
The Promise of TIL Therapy
One of the most compelling aspects of TIL therapy is its potential to achieve durable responses in patients with advanced or metastatic cancers. Clinical studies have shown promising results across a range of cancer types, including melanoma, cervical cancer, and gastrointestinal malignancies. In some cases, patients who have exhausted conventional treatment options have experienced remarkable tumor regression and prolonged survival following TIL therapy.
Connect with CancerFax if you wish to avail of TIL therapy in China.
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma — Highlights from the First Ever ILC Symposium bkling
Steffi Osterreich, PhD, and Rachel Jankowitz, MD, of University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, join Heather Hillier, breast advocate and co-chair of the first international ILC Symposium, in offering an overview of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma and highlights from the conference, which took place in Pittsburgh in September 2016. The program was presented in collaboration with MBCN.
L'Institut national du cancer, la Fondation Arc et la Ligue contre le cancer ont organisé le séminaire de préparation à l'appel à projet "Programme d'Actions Intégrées de Recherche (PAIR) sur les cancers de l'enfant" qui s'est tenu le 13 avril 2016 à Paris.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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Tumor neoantigenes:building a framework for personalized cancer immunotherapy
1. Tumor neoantigenes:building a framework for personalized cancer immunotherapy
Matthew M. Gubin, Maxim N. Artyomov, Elaine R. Mardis, and Robert D. Schreiber
Academia Sinica, MIB Chen group
The Journal of Clinical Investigation, volume 125 , Number 9,
September 2015
Speaker :
Ting-Wei Lin
National Taiwan University, Genome and System Biology
Journal Club
2nd part
How Tumor-Specific antigen became important + How to predict it
2. Paving the way for TSA-based cancer immunotherapy
2005 2015
TSA(Tumor-specific antigens)
TAA(Tumor-associated antigen)
CTAs(Cancer-germline/Cancer testis antigens)
1943
Thomas Wölfel
Steven A. RosenbergPaul F. Robbins
patient tumor cell
+ lymphocyte
adoptive therapy
+ patient tumor regression
Gross
Foley
Prehn
Old
2008 2013
Steven A. Rosenberg
Human
Next Generation Sequencing
~2 weeks
Ugur Sahin
2012
Jan
Feb
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
translational research institute TRON
Bioinformatic
+ NGS
3. The response of autologous T cells to a human melanoma
2005
Thomas Wölfel
Lennerz, V.,… Wölfel, T. (2005).
The response of autologous T cells to a human melanoma is dominated by mutated neoantigens
PNAS, 102(44), 16013–8.
PBMC(Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells)
CTL(Cytolytic )
Mixed Lymphocyte-Tumor Cell MLTC
DT Melanoma-Reactive T cellsTumor-specific antigen
DT
Patient
4. IFN-𝜸 ELISPOT Assay
Kenneth Murphy, Casey Weaver., Appendix I, Janeway’s Immunology 9th, (2016 ), Garland Science
Cytokine-specific antibodies
second cytokine-specific antibody added
spot generated
activated T cell secreted cytokine
add the T cell + APC + antigen
IFN-𝜸
COS-7 cotransfected with HLA class I + antigens
HLA-A*2601, HLA-B*3801 ,HLA-B*3801
Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay
5. use DT melanoma-reactive T cell to recognized tumor-specific antigen
PBMC(Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells)
CTL(Cytolytic )
Mixed Lymphocyte-Tumor Cell MLTC
MLTC(Mixed Lymphocyte-Tumor Cell)
MZ7-MEL
PBMC
(different time points)
+
MZ7-MEL
cDNA library+ RT-PCR
IFN-𝜸 ELISPOT Assay
Tumor-specific antigen
6. Reactivity of MLTC responders to known common antigenes
Tumor-specified antigen
7. Without prior stimulation, low fraction of anti tumor T
cell response
Lennerz, V., Fatho, M., Gentilini, C., Frye, R. a, Lifke, A., Ferel, D., … Wölfel, T. (2005).
The response of autologous T cells to a human melanoma is dominated by mutated neoantigens
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(44), 16013–8.
Tumor-specific antigenCommon tumor antigen
8. Complete Tumor Regression in a Melanoma Patient Receiving Adoptive
Cell Transfer Therapy
2005
Steven A. RosenbergPaul F. Robbins
Zhou, J., Dudley, M. E., Rosenberg, S. a, & Robbins, P. F. (2005).Journal of Immunotherapy, 28(1), 53–62. Nicholas P. Restifo, Mark E. Dudley & Steven A. Rosenberg,(2012), Nature Reviews Immunology 12, 269-281
6/13 patients response (2 nearly complete regression of metastasis)
9. Accelerating the immunotherapy by using bioinformatic and
next sequencing technology to predict epitope
NGS + Bioinformatics approach
10. The way to the automated bioinformatic epitope prediction
Next
Generation
Sequencing
Somatic Mutation
Detection
Epitope
prediction
bwa/bowtie
samtools
vcf
GATK(mutect)
wet dry
software introduction
11. Conquer the specimen archive problem in sequencing technology
1. obtaining information in a clinically relevant time frame
2. the small amounts of DNA/RNA available from a core biopsy procedure
3. tissue preservation in formalin and paraffin
4. data interpretation
Cabanski, C. R., Magrini, V., Griffith, M., Griffith, O. L., McGrath, S., Zhang, J., … Maher, C. A. (2014).
CDNA hybrid capture improves transcriptome analysis on low-input and archived samples. Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, 16(4), 440–451.
cDNA hybrid capture
12. Resources and softwares in timeline for the predicting epitope
SYFPEITHI
Rankpep
BIMAS
IEDB
NetMHC
SMM
SMMPMBEC
1999 20021994 20152004
NetMHCpan
2007 2008
IPD-IMGT/HLA
Boston University
2005 2009
UC San Diego
Technical University of Denmark
Center for Biological Sequence Analysis
2012 updated
University of Tübingen
2014 updated
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
2017 updated
13. Resources and softwares in timeline for the predicting epitope
SYFPEITHI
Rankpep
BIMAS
IEDB
NetMHC
SMM
SMMPMBEC
1999 20021994 20152004
NetMHCpan
2007 2008
IPD-IMGT/HLA
Boston University
2005 2009
UC San Diego
Technical University of Denmark
Center for Biological Sequence Analysis
2012 updated
University of Tübingen
2014 updated
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
2017 updated
Database
14. Resources and softwares in timeline for the predicting epitope
SYFPEITHI
Rankpep
BIMAS
IEDB
NetMHC
SMM
SMMPMBEC
1999 20021994 20152004
NetMHCpan
2007 2008
IPD-IMGT/HLA
Boston University
2005 2009
UC San Diego
Technical University of Denmark
Center for Biological Sequence Analysis
2012 updated
University of Tübingen
2014 updated
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
2017 updated
Artificial Neural Network
Position-Weight Matrices
Binding Coefficient model
Position Specific Scoring Matrics(PSSM)
Peptide:MHC binding
energy covariance matrix
Stabilized Matrix Method
15. Position Specific Scoring Matrics(PSSM)
The Evolving Concepts to deal with the peptide binding affinity
ANN/Deep learning
weight function
input data
NetMHC
NetMHCpan
SMM
SMMPMBEC
SYFPEITHI
Rankpep
16. How is artificial neural network work?
bias(error)weight
non-linear function
17. How to prioritize predicted Neoepitope for validation
1. p-MHCI binding affinity
2. epitope abundance
3. antigen processing
•protein degradation
•peptide transport
•quantitating RNA expression
•mass spectromy
Immunogenicity
18. How to prioritize predicted Neoepitope for validation
1. p-MHCI binding affinity
2. epitope abundance
3. antigen processing
•protein degradation
•peptide transport
•quantitating RNA expression
•mass spectromy
Immunogenicity
Tung, C. W., & Ho, S. Y. (2007).
POPI: Predicting immunogenicity of MHC class I binding peptides by mining informative physicochemical properties. Bioinformatics, 23(8), 942–949.
POPI
physicochemical properties
21. Not extensively validation and use, MHC class II prediction
TEPITOPE
netMHCII
SMM-align
2009
1994
2007
http://datamining-iip.fudan.edu.cn/service/TEPITOPEpan/TEPITOPEpan.html
http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetMHCII/
http://tools.immuneepitope.org/mhcii/ IEDB
Technical University of Denmark
Center for Biological Sequence Analysis
