NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE OF WHITE SUPREMACYMurphy Browne
White supremacy in North America is a culture that has been practiced since the first group of white people arrived in this part of the world and continues to this day in the 21st century. It has morphed from the blatant murder of the indigenous people and the barbaric enslavement of Africans for centuries to today where white police routinely kill unarmed African American men, women and children without being held accountable.
NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE OF WHITE SUPREMACYMurphy Browne
White supremacy in North America is a culture that has been practiced since the first group of white people arrived in this part of the world and continues to this day in the 21st century. It has morphed from the blatant murder of the indigenous people and the barbaric enslavement of Africans for centuries to today where white police routinely kill unarmed African American men, women and children without being held accountable.
Howard Joel Munroe was an African Guyanese young man who was only twenty years old when he was murdered by a group of white supremacist youth on May21, 2001 in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada. Many people believe the myth of Canada as a non-racist country. The murder of Howard Joel Munroe is one of many incidents that put the lie to that myth!!
PRIDE is commemorated every June to honor the 1969 Stonewall riots in New York City, when patrons and supporters of the Stonewall Inn staged an uprising to resist the police harassment and persecution to which LGBTQ+ Americans were commonly subjected. This uprising marked the beginning of a movement to outlaw discriminatory laws and practices against LGBTQ+ Americans.
This year, I am celebrating PRIDE by sharing bits of our rich history. Every day this month, I will post a series of profiles highlighting LGBTQ+ icons who have made significant contributions to society. Take a moment to learn about these scientists, artists, athletes, activists, business and political leaders whose stories inspire me to live authentically and to continue the fight for equity and justice, every day.
Happy PRIDE 2020!
Stop Mass Incarceration Network -- October 2014 Month of Resistance to Mass Incarceration, Police Terror, Repression and the Criminalization of a Generation. A brief history of mass incarceration in this era, resistance, Ferguson and others, and the epidemic of incarceration, deportation and police murder -- must stop.
Howard Joel Munroe was an African Guyanese young man who was only twenty years old when he was murdered by a group of white supremacist youth on May21, 2001 in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada. Many people believe the myth of Canada as a non-racist country. The murder of Howard Joel Munroe is one of many incidents that put the lie to that myth!!
PRIDE is commemorated every June to honor the 1969 Stonewall riots in New York City, when patrons and supporters of the Stonewall Inn staged an uprising to resist the police harassment and persecution to which LGBTQ+ Americans were commonly subjected. This uprising marked the beginning of a movement to outlaw discriminatory laws and practices against LGBTQ+ Americans.
This year, I am celebrating PRIDE by sharing bits of our rich history. Every day this month, I will post a series of profiles highlighting LGBTQ+ icons who have made significant contributions to society. Take a moment to learn about these scientists, artists, athletes, activists, business and political leaders whose stories inspire me to live authentically and to continue the fight for equity and justice, every day.
Happy PRIDE 2020!
Stop Mass Incarceration Network -- October 2014 Month of Resistance to Mass Incarceration, Police Terror, Repression and the Criminalization of a Generation. A brief history of mass incarceration in this era, resistance, Ferguson and others, and the epidemic of incarceration, deportation and police murder -- must stop.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/us/20tulsa.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 1
Name: ________________ Date: ________
As Survivors Dwindle, Tulsa Confronts Past
Brandi Simons f or The New York Times
Wess Young, 94, fled w ith his mother and sister as armed w hite men rampaged through his neighborhood in 1921.
By A. G. SULZBERGER
Published: June19, 2011
TULSA, Okla. — With their guns firing, a mob of white men charged across the train
tracks that cut a racial border through this city. A 4-year-old boy named Wess Young
fled into the darkness with his mother and sister in search of safety, returning the
next day to discover that their once-thriving black community had burned to the
ground.
Ninety years later, Mr. Young lives not far from where he lost his home that day. He
is part of the dwindling ranks of the living who can recollect what may be the
deadliest occurrence of racial violence in United States history — an episode so
brutal that this city, in a bout of collective amnesia that extended more than a half-
century, simply chose to forget it ever happened.
The Tulsa race riot of 1921 was rarely mentioned in history books, classrooms or
even in private. Blacks and whites alike grew into middle age unaware of what had
taken place.
2. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/us/20tulsa.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 2
Ever since the story was unearthed by
historians and revealed in
uncompromising detail in a state
government report a decade ago — it
estimated that up to 300 people were
killed and more than 8,000 left
homeless — the black men and
women who lived through the events
have watched with renewed hope as others worked for some type of justice on their
behalf.
What is Wes Young’s connection to the Tulsa Riot? When did the
Tulsa Riot happen?
According to the official state report, how many were killed in the
Tulsa Riot? How many were left homeless?
But even as the city observed the 90th anniversary this month, the efforts to secure
recognition and compensation have produced a mixed record of success.
The riot will be taught for the first time in Tulsa public schools next year but remains
absent in many history textbooks across the United States. Civic leaders built
monuments to acknowledge the riot, including a new Reconciliation Park, but in the
wake of failed legislative and legal attempts, no payments were ever delivered for
what was lost.
Before becoming president, Barack Obama once met with some who lived through
the riot “to thank the survivors for surviving.” But fewer are surviving each year;
today the number is about 40. And before they die, some of their most dedicated
advocates continue to fight for greater awareness and compensation, even as they
lament that they no longer believe the effort has sufficient momentum.
“These people are still alive,” said Reggie Turner, who has toured the country with
the survivors, showing his film about the riot and the failed federal lawsuit to win
reparations from the city and state governments. “And despite their dwindling
3. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/us/20tulsa.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 3
numbers — in fact, because of their
dwindling numbers — it should be
easy for us to take care of them.”
“They are just looking for a better life
as they approach death,” he added.
(Use context clues) What
year was this article written?
What has been done to acknowledge the riot?
Some, like Otis Clark, the oldest survivor of the riot at 108 and one of those who
joined a federal lawsuit seeking compensation, are at peace. “God has a whole lot of
good things lined up for us when we’re by his side,” Mr. Clark said. “It ain’t going to
be very long before that is going to happen.”
Others, like Mr. Young and his wife, Cathryn, worry that their passing will simply
make the riot easier to forget. “I think they are trying to keep this hidden,” Ms. Young
said, referring to the white residents of Tulsa. “Don’t talk about it, don’t do nothing
about it until all these people are dead. Then they think it’ll be over with. But it
won’t.”
All that remains of that black community of 90 years ago, Greenwood, is a block of
red-brick storefronts in a neighborhood transformed by a new minor league ball
field, a university campus and an elevated highway. Metal plaques set in the sidewalk
describe the hundreds of businesses that were there when the area was a bustling
enclave in a statutorily segregated oil town. Within the black community, it was
known as the Negro Wall Street.
(Use context clues) How old was Otis Clark when the riot
happened?
4. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/us/20tulsa.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 4
Why does Carolyn Young think the survivors have not been
compensated for their losses?
What was the official name of the former African American
neighborhood of Tulsa? What was its nickname?
Long before black
neighborhoods erupted in
rioting in cities across the
country during the 1960s and
1970s, a string of violent riots
were started by whites in the
years after World War I. As
with some of the others, the
Tulsa riot seemed to have
started with the explosive
accusation that a black man
had sexually assaulted a white woman. (The charges were dropped after the riot.)
On May 31, 1921, hundreds of armed white men gathered outside the courthouse
where the man was being held, and a group of armed black men arrived to prevent a
lynching. A shot was fired. The black men fled to Greenwood, and the white men
gave chase.
The battle that ensued, enabled by the Tulsa police chief, who deputized hundreds of
white men and commandeered gun shops to arm them, lasted through the night and
well into the next day.
What started the Tulsa Riot? What happened at the courthouse?
How did the police chief help make the riot happen?
5. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/us/20tulsa.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 5
About 40 blocks were destroyed,
including 1,256 homes, many of
which had been looted before they
were set alight. The death toll, most
likely never to be fully determined,
was estimated in the state report at
100 to 300. Survivors were rounded
up and interned by the National
Guard. Many of the homeless spent
the following year living in tents pitched in the ruins of the neighborhood.
A grand jury at the time blamed the black community for the riot. No one was
convicted of participating in the riot; no one was compensated for lost property.
Soon after, the story essentially disappeared — buried so deeply that people who
lived their entire lives here, including prominent leaders like mayors and district
attorneys, said they had never heard of the riot until recent decades.
How many homes were destroyed? How many city blocks were
destroyed?
Who was blamed for the riot? Who was charged for involvement in
the riot?
Don Ross is credited with helping to break that silence. A magazine he started
published the first article in decades about the riot, written by a local historian
around the time of the 50th anniversary. But it was not until 25 years later when Mr.
Ross was a state representative that the riot garnered nationwide attention. He
pushed for the formation of the riot state commission that produced the report and
became an unrelenting advocate for payments to the survivors because, he explained,
there is “no money in apologies.”
Since retiring, Mr. Ross has extracted himself from those efforts, believing that
neither blacks nor whites were committed to the task. He no longer even speaks to
the survivors. “I cut that connection,” he said. “It was too heartbreaking.”
6. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/us/20tulsa.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 6
The issue of payments to
survivors, like those paid to
the survivors of a similar riot
two years later in Rosewood,
Fla., was always difficult.
The Oklahoma Legislature
refused, saying it was
constitutionally prohibited.
The federal courts dismissed
a lawsuit on behalf of the
victims, saying the statute of limitations had expired. And efforts in Congress to
remove that legal obstacle have repeatedly failed, partly because of concerns that it
might open the door to reparations for slavery, though there are plans to reintroduce
the bill. Charles Ogletree, a Harvard law professor who represented the survivors in
the effort, called the case his “most disappointing and heartbreaking.”
Still, awareness has been growing. Three quarters of Tulsa residents in a recent
survey described themselves as very or somewhat knowledgeable about the riot.
Who is Don Ross? What are the two things Ross did regarding the
riot?
List two of the reasons given for refusing to compensate the riot
victims.
On a national level there is greater awareness, too. Of the three largest school
textbook publishers, one of them, Pearson, now mentions the riot in its books; two
others, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt and McGraw-Hill, do not, though Houghton
Mifflin says it is planning to include the riot in future editions.
At the Greenwood Cultural Center, home to an extensive exhibit on the race riot,
Mechelle Brown, the program coordinator, walks along the wall of photos of
survivors and gestures despondently — almost every month another one dies.
7. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/us/20tulsa.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 7
“It seems at times that this is
how it’s going to end,” she said,
“with the survivors passing.”
This year, the center lost all of
its state financing, which
accounted for nearly half of its
annual budget. Ms. Brown said
it could be forced to close in a
matter of months. Just blocks
away is John Hope Franklin
Reconciliation Park, which opened last year with state backing and has several
memorials to the riot. (A center for racial reconciliation is planned for the grounds.)
But in a city still divided by those same railroad tracks, the theme of togetherness
bothers Ms. Brown, who called it premature. “You can’t forgive until someone asks
for forgiveness,” she said.
Based on context clues, what does despondent mean?
Why does Mechelle Brown call talk of togetherness premature?
Sitting inside the park, Julius Pegues, head of the park’s board, defended the focus
on reconciliation. He worried that in continuing to dwell on the riot — and the
compensation that has not come — the black community risked settling into
bitterness.
“If people have their heart in the right place, I think they could work out some fair
compensation for the victims of the race riots,” Mr. Pegues said. “But that does not
seem to be the case, so I’m not going to spend my life worrying about it.”
He added: “We intend to take the high road and move this city forward for both black
and white.”
8. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/us/20tulsa.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 8
A version of this article appeared in print on June 20, 2011, on page A16 of the New York edition w ith the headline:
As Survivors Dw indle, Tulsa Confronts Past.
The first picture is of
Mt. Zion Baptist
church. It was
destroyed during the
Tulsa Riot. Why
would someone want
to burn a church?
This is a synagogue
(Jewish Church)
destroyed by the
Nazis in 1938. What
is similar between
the two pictures?
What is different?
Reflect on these two pictures. Is the comparison between Germany and the US
valid?