Tuberculosis
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The document discusses pulmonary tuberculosis, including its causes, transmission, classification, diagnosis, and treatment. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria and spread through inhaling droplets from an infected person's coughs or sneezes. There are two main classifications - intra pulmonary TB, which affects the lungs, and extra pulmonary TB, which can affect other areas. Diagnosis involves various tests like sputum tests, chest x-rays, and the Mantoux skin test. Treatment follows the WHO-recommended DOTS strategy using antibiotics over a standard time period while being directly observed.
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Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs. It spreads through inhaling droplets from an infected person when they cough or sneeze. India has a high burden of TB cases, with 0.37 million people dying from the disease annually. Treatment involves a multi-drug regimen administered under direct observation to prevent drug resistance, with isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide given for 2 months followed by continued treatment for at least 4 more months. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for symptoms, ensuring treatment adherence to prevent spread, and managing nutrition to aid recovery.
PTB.pptx
Pulmonary tuberculosis is caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is a small, aerobic bacillus. Symptoms include a prolonged cough lasting over 3 weeks, coughing up sputum or blood, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves chest x-ray, sputum smear and culture, and the Mantoux tuberculin skin test. Treatment requires a combination of antibiotics like isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol over a period of 6-9 months to prevent drug resistance from developing. Tuberculosis remains a major global health problem and India has a high burden of cases.
ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTIONS AND THEIR MANIFESTATIONS
Infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasing for several reasons, including diagnostic advances, increased awareness and a larger at-risk population. NTM pulmonary disease is surpassing tuberculosis (TB) in some low incidence areas.
Diphtheria dr yusuf imran
Diphtheria is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae that is endemic in developing countries. It mainly affects children under 5 years of age and occurs more commonly in winter months. There are four main types - pharyngotonsillar, laryngotracheal, nasal and cutaneous. Diagnosis involves tests like the Schick test or culture. Prevention relies on early detection, treatment, immunization as per national schedules, and isolating cases and carriers. Complications can impact the respiratory, cardiac, neurological and renal systems if not treated promptly.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It most commonly affects the lungs but can affect other parts of the body. The disease spreads through airborne droplets when infected people cough, sneeze or speak. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, tuberculin skin test, chest x-ray and microbiological tests. Treatment requires a combination of antibiotics taken for at least 6-12 months to prevent drug resistance from developing. Prevention strategies include identifying infected individuals and their contacts, testing high-risk groups, and immunizing infants with the BCG vaccine.
The mantoux test
The Mantoux test, also known as the tuberculin skin test, is used to determine if a person has been infected with tuberculosis. It involves injecting a small amount of purified protein derivative into the skin on the lower arm. After 48 to 72 hours, a health care worker measures any induration, or hard, raised area that develops on the arm, which can indicate infection. A positive result is based on the size of the induration and the person's risk factors. While very accurate, the test can sometimes produce false positives or negatives, requiring further evaluation and testing to diagnose active TB disease.
Bacterial Infections
Bacterial infections can cause a variety of diseases. Scarlet fever is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes and presents with a characteristic rash. Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani and causes muscle spasms. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and commonly affects the lungs, causing cough and weight loss. It can be diagnosed by smear or culture and treated with antibiotics.
tuberculosis-150808111627-lva1-app6891.pptx
Tuberculosis is an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that mainly affects the lungs. It can spread through droplets in the air from coughing or sneezing. Symptoms include persistent cough, chest pain, coughing up blood, fatigue, and fever. TB is classified as pulmonary or extra-pulmonary depending on the affected area. Diagnosis involves sputum tests, chest x-rays, and the tuberculin skin test. Treatment requires a multi-drug regimen over several months. Preventive measures include BCG vaccination, isolation, and proper ventilation. Drug-resistant forms like MDR-TB and XDR-TB are major challenges. Co-infection with HIV increases the risks of TB infection and
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Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs. It spreads through inhaling droplets from an infected person when they cough or sneeze. India has a high burden of TB cases, with 0.37 million people dying from the disease annually. Treatment involves a multi-drug regimen administered under direct observation to prevent drug resistance, with isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide given for 2 months followed by continued treatment for at least 4 more months. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for symptoms, ensuring treatment adherence to prevent spread, and managing nutrition to aid recovery.
PTB.pptx
Pulmonary tuberculosis is caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is a small, aerobic bacillus. Symptoms include a prolonged cough lasting over 3 weeks, coughing up sputum or blood, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves chest x-ray, sputum smear and culture, and the Mantoux tuberculin skin test. Treatment requires a combination of antibiotics like isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol over a period of 6-9 months to prevent drug resistance from developing. Tuberculosis remains a major global health problem and India has a high burden of cases.
ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTIONS AND THEIR MANIFESTATIONS
Infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasing for several reasons, including diagnostic advances, increased awareness and a larger at-risk population. NTM pulmonary disease is surpassing tuberculosis (TB) in some low incidence areas.
Diphtheria dr yusuf imran
Diphtheria is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae that is endemic in developing countries. It mainly affects children under 5 years of age and occurs more commonly in winter months. There are four main types - pharyngotonsillar, laryngotracheal, nasal and cutaneous. Diagnosis involves tests like the Schick test or culture. Prevention relies on early detection, treatment, immunization as per national schedules, and isolating cases and carriers. Complications can impact the respiratory, cardiac, neurological and renal systems if not treated promptly.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It most commonly affects the lungs but can affect other parts of the body. The disease spreads through airborne droplets when infected people cough, sneeze or speak. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, tuberculin skin test, chest x-ray and microbiological tests. Treatment requires a combination of antibiotics taken for at least 6-12 months to prevent drug resistance from developing. Prevention strategies include identifying infected individuals and their contacts, testing high-risk groups, and immunizing infants with the BCG vaccine.
The mantoux test
The Mantoux test, also known as the tuberculin skin test, is used to determine if a person has been infected with tuberculosis. It involves injecting a small amount of purified protein derivative into the skin on the lower arm. After 48 to 72 hours, a health care worker measures any induration, or hard, raised area that develops on the arm, which can indicate infection. A positive result is based on the size of the induration and the person's risk factors. While very accurate, the test can sometimes produce false positives or negatives, requiring further evaluation and testing to diagnose active TB disease.
Bacterial Infections
Bacterial infections can cause a variety of diseases. Scarlet fever is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes and presents with a characteristic rash. Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani and causes muscle spasms. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and commonly affects the lungs, causing cough and weight loss. It can be diagnosed by smear or culture and treated with antibiotics.
tuberculosis-150808111627-lva1-app6891.pptx
Tuberculosis is an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that mainly affects the lungs. It can spread through droplets in the air from coughing or sneezing. Symptoms include persistent cough, chest pain, coughing up blood, fatigue, and fever. TB is classified as pulmonary or extra-pulmonary depending on the affected area. Diagnosis involves sputum tests, chest x-rays, and the tuberculin skin test. Treatment requires a multi-drug regimen over several months. Preventive measures include BCG vaccination, isolation, and proper ventilation. Drug-resistant forms like MDR-TB and XDR-TB are major challenges. Co-infection with HIV increases the risks of TB infection and
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS
- Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and primarily affects the lungs. It spreads through airborne droplets from the lungs of infected individuals.
- Case finding through sputum smear microscopy is the main method for tuberculosis control. Patients with at least 10 bacilli per 100 oil immersion fields in their sputum are considered positive and most infectious.
- The standard WHO recommended treatment regimen for new sputum-positive pulmonary TB cases is 2 months of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, followed by 4 months of isoniazid and rifampicin. Effective treatment reduces infectivity by 90% within 48 hours.
Tuberculosis... a brife description about it
Tuberculosis is a potentially fatal contagious disease that usually affects the lungs. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Common symptoms include coughing, fever, fatigue, and weight loss. While TB has affected humans for millennia, it was not until the 19th century that it was proven to be contagious and the bacterium that causes it was identified. Today, TB is diagnosed through laboratory tests and treated with a combination of antibiotics over a long period of time to prevent drug resistance and relapses.
Infection control
This document discusses infection control in healthcare settings. It begins by outlining the history and evolution of understanding of hospital-acquired infections. It then defines key terms related to infection control like nosocomial infections, clinical waste, and emerging infectious diseases. The document discusses the chain of infection and stages of infection. It emphasizes the importance of standard precautions like hand hygiene and use of personal protective equipment. It also discusses additional transmission-based precautions needed for certain infectious diseases. The goal of infection control is to break the chain of infection and prevent spread of disease.
Tuberculosis in english tb
tHESE SLIDES ARE PREPAREED TO UNDERSTAND about water born diseases IN EASY WAY Important links- NOTES- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/c/MYSTUDENTSU... CHANEL PLAYLIST- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPM3VTGVUXIeswKJ3XGaD2p COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPyslPNdIJoVjiXEDTVEDzs CHILD HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gANcslmv0DXg6BWmWN359Gvg FIRST AID- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMvGqeqH2ZTklzFAZhOrvgP HCM- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAM7mZ1vZhQBHWbdLnLb-cH9 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPFxu78NDLpGPaxEmK1fTao COMMUNICABLE DISEASES- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOWo4IwNjLU_LCuhRN0ZLeb ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPkI6LvfS8Zu1nm6mZi9FK6 MSN- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOdyoHnDLAoR_o8M6ccqYBm HINDI ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAN4L-FJ3s_IEXgZCijGUA1A ENGLISH ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMYv2a1hFcq4W1nBjTnRkHP facebook profile- https://www.facebook.com/suresh.kr.lrhs/ FACEBOOK PAGE- https://www.facebook.com/My-Student-S... facebook group NURSING NOTES- https://www.facebook.com/groups/24139... FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG – BLOGGER- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsu... Twitter- https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08 #PEM, #water,#prification#largescale,#nurses,#ASSESSMENT, #APPEARENCE,#PULSE,#GRIMACE,#REFLEX,#RESPIRATION,#RESUSCITATION,#NEWBORN,#BABY,#VIRGINIA, #CHILD, #OXYGEN,#CYANOSIS,#OPTICNERVE, #SARACHNA,#MYSTUDENTSUPPORTSYSTEM, #rashes,#nursingclasses, #communityhealthnursing,#ANM, #GNM, #BSCNURING,#NURSINGSTUDENTS, #WHO,#NURSINGINSTITUTION,#COLLEGEOFNURSING,#nursingofficer,#COMMUNITYHEALTHOFFICE
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Pulmonary tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which commonly affects the lungs. The disease is characterized by a cough lasting over 3 weeks, production of sputum, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves sputum examination, chest x-rays, and the Mantoux skin test. Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics like isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol over a period of 6-9 months to prevent development of drug resistance. India has a high burden of tuberculosis with an estimated annual incidence of 1.96 million new cases.
Hand infection - An often ignored problem
This document discusses a case study of hand infections in diabetic patients. 49 diabetic patients with hand infections were examined. The majority had deep infections involving bone or joints. Many required multiple surgeries and amputations. Poor glucose control and insulin dependence were associated with worse outcomes. Aggressive surgical debridement and antibiotic treatment are needed to manage these infections, which often have severe consequences if not properly treated.
tuberculosis ram. nepal civil service hosp
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that typically affects the lungs. It can be spread through droplets from the throat and lungs of people with the active respiratory disease. Tuberculosis can also affect other parts of the body in its extra pulmonary form. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of sputum samples, culture tests and radiography. Treatment requires a multi-drug regimen over a period of 6-9 months. Preventive measures include BCG vaccination, isolation of active cases, and directly observed treatment.
TUBERCULOSIS
This document provides information on tuberculosis (TB), including:
- TB is a contagious bacterial infection that mainly affects the lungs, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Over 9 million new cases and 2 million deaths occur worldwide each year, with 1/3 of the world's population infected.
- Diagnosis involves sputum smear microscopy, culture, chest x-ray, and the tuberculin skin test. Standard treatment lasts 6-9 months using multiple antibiotic drugs.
Surgical Site Infection
Surgical site infection (SSI) is defined as an infection occurring within 30 days of surgery or 1 year if implants are involved. The document outlines the history, epidemiology, risk factors, classification, pathogenesis, prevention and management of SSI. Prevention involves pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative measures like skin preparation, proper attire, antibiotics and wound care. SSI increases morbidity, mortality and costs of surgery. Proper identification of causative organisms and source control along with appropriate antibiotics and surveillance are key to treatment. While advances have been made, SSI remains a challenge, especially in developing areas with limited resources and lack of protocol-based approaches.
PULMO 1 - DIMAS FUJIANSYAH.pptx
The document provides information about tuberculosis (TB), including its definition, etiology, risk factors, classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and usually affects the lungs. It can spread to other parts of the body. Risk factors include low socioeconomic status, crowded living conditions, HIV/AIDS, and malnutrition. Diagnosis involves examining symptoms, chest x-rays, and testing sputum samples for acid-fast bacilli. Treatment consists of a two-month intensive initial phase followed by a four-month continuation phase using multiple antibiotic drugs.
Pharmacotherapy of TUBERCULOSIS
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tuberculosis D.Pharm.pptx
Tuberculosis is a contagious infection that mainly affects the lungs and is caused by various Mycobacterium species, most commonly M. tuberculosis. It can spread through close contact with infected individuals. Symptoms include persistent cough, chest pain, coughing up blood, weight loss, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves sputum tests, chest x-rays, and tuberculin skin tests. Treatment involves a multi-drug regimen over several months. Preventive measures include BCG vaccination, isolation, and improved ventilation. Drug-resistant forms like MDR-TB and XDR-TB are increasing global problems, and co-infection with HIV increases the risks of TB infection and active disease.
tuberculosis-150808111627-lva1-app6891.pdf
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that mainly affects the lungs. It can spread through droplets in the air from coughing or sneezing. Symptoms include coughing, chest pain, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves sputum tests, chest x-rays, and tuberculin skin tests. Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics taken for 6-9 months. Preventive measures include BCG vaccination, isolation, and proper ventilation. Drug-resistant TB strains like MDR-TB and XDR-TB require longer and more toxic treatment regimens. HIV co-infection increases the risk of active TB disease.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that mainly affects the lungs. It can spread through droplets in the air from coughing or sneezing. Symptoms include coughing, chest pain, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves sputum tests, chest x-rays, and tuberculin skin tests. Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics taken for 6-9 months. Preventive measures include BCG vaccination, isolation, and proper ventilation. Drug-resistant TB strains like MDR-TB and XDR-TB require longer and more toxic treatment regimens. HIV co-infection increases the risk of active TB disease.
Odontogenic Infections
Odontogenic infections arise from dental sources and can range from mild to severe. They typically progress through edematous, cellulitis, and abscess stages as bacteria spread. Management principles include determining the infection severity, evaluating the patient's defenses, and choosing appropriate antibiotics. For complex infections, deep facial spaces may become inflamed. Osteomyelitis is bone infection that can become chronic. Prevention relies on regular dental care and treating infections early.
Concepts of infection control
The document discusses concepts of infection control, including definitions of community-acquired infections and nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections. It notes that nosocomial infections can occur more than 48 hours after admission, after discharge, or among hospital staff. Risk factors for nosocomial infections include patient susceptibility, environmental factors, and transmission through healthcare workers or the hospital environment. Common sites of nosocomial infections are the urinary tract, respiratory tract, and surgical wounds. The document outlines methods for preventing nosocomial infections through aseptic technique, hand hygiene, cleaning and disinfection of equipment, and patient isolation when necessary.
95-infection-control-in-dentistry.pptx
This document discusses infection control and sterilization in dentistry. It defines key terms like infection control, sterilization, disinfection, and asepsis. It describes the modes of disease transmission and various pathogens that can be transmitted in a dental setting. It outlines objectives and strategies for effective infection control programs, including screening, use of personal protective equipment, aseptic techniques, sterilization and disinfection procedures, waste disposal, and monitoring of sterilization. It provides details on proper hand hygiene, use of barriers like gloves, masks, eyewear and gowns. It also discusses disinfection of dental units and handling of sharps and clinical waste.
Tb powerpoint
Tuberculosis is a major global health problem, killing over 3 million people annually worldwide including 75 Filipinos each day. The Philippines has a high burden of TB and is one of 22 countries prioritized by the WHO for TB control efforts. TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is transmitted via airborne droplets when infected individuals cough, sneeze or speak. Diagnosis involves tuberculin skin testing, chest x-ray, and microscopic examination of sputum samples to look for acid-fast bacilli. Strategies to control TB in the Philippines include BCG vaccination of infants, directly observed treatment to ensure compliance, and use of fixed-dose drug combinations.
TB(Tuberculosis)
www.slideshare.ne www.slideshare.ne Tuberculosis (TB) is fatal
contagious disease that affects the lungs and other part of body which is a public health problem but curable and preventable disease .
Caused organism : bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Human : Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pulmonary TB
Extra pulmonary TB
Animals : Mycobacterium Bovis
Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease of animals caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium bovis, (M.bovis) which is closely related to the bacteria that cause human
Infection control
This document discusses infection control in healthcare facilities. It defines infection control as measures to prevent the spread of infections between patients and from patients or staff to others. This is important in healthcare settings where sick patients are in close proximity. Standard precautions like handwashing, use of personal protective equipment, sterilization/cleaning, and proper waste disposal are described. Additional precautions may also be required depending on the type of infection, such as airborne, droplet or contact precautions. The role of infection control nurses in monitoring and preventing infections is also outlined.
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EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS
- Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and primarily affects the lungs. It spreads through airborne droplets from the lungs of infected individuals.
- Case finding through sputum smear microscopy is the main method for tuberculosis control. Patients with at least 10 bacilli per 100 oil immersion fields in their sputum are considered positive and most infectious.
- The standard WHO recommended treatment regimen for new sputum-positive pulmonary TB cases is 2 months of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, followed by 4 months of isoniazid and rifampicin. Effective treatment reduces infectivity by 90% within 48 hours.
Tuberculosis... a brife description about it
Tuberculosis is a potentially fatal contagious disease that usually affects the lungs. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Common symptoms include coughing, fever, fatigue, and weight loss. While TB has affected humans for millennia, it was not until the 19th century that it was proven to be contagious and the bacterium that causes it was identified. Today, TB is diagnosed through laboratory tests and treated with a combination of antibiotics over a long period of time to prevent drug resistance and relapses.
Infection control
This document discusses infection control in healthcare settings. It begins by outlining the history and evolution of understanding of hospital-acquired infections. It then defines key terms related to infection control like nosocomial infections, clinical waste, and emerging infectious diseases. The document discusses the chain of infection and stages of infection. It emphasizes the importance of standard precautions like hand hygiene and use of personal protective equipment. It also discusses additional transmission-based precautions needed for certain infectious diseases. The goal of infection control is to break the chain of infection and prevent spread of disease.
Tuberculosis in english tb
tHESE SLIDES ARE PREPAREED TO UNDERSTAND about water born diseases IN EASY WAY Important links- NOTES- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/c/MYSTUDENTSU... CHANEL PLAYLIST- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPM3VTGVUXIeswKJ3XGaD2p COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPyslPNdIJoVjiXEDTVEDzs CHILD HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gANcslmv0DXg6BWmWN359Gvg FIRST AID- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMvGqeqH2ZTklzFAZhOrvgP HCM- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAM7mZ1vZhQBHWbdLnLb-cH9 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPFxu78NDLpGPaxEmK1fTao COMMUNICABLE DISEASES- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOWo4IwNjLU_LCuhRN0ZLeb ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPkI6LvfS8Zu1nm6mZi9FK6 MSN- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOdyoHnDLAoR_o8M6ccqYBm HINDI ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAN4L-FJ3s_IEXgZCijGUA1A ENGLISH ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMYv2a1hFcq4W1nBjTnRkHP facebook profile- https://www.facebook.com/suresh.kr.lrhs/ FACEBOOK PAGE- https://www.facebook.com/My-Student-S... facebook group NURSING NOTES- https://www.facebook.com/groups/24139... FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG – BLOGGER- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsu... Twitter- https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08 #PEM, #water,#prification#largescale,#nurses,#ASSESSMENT, #APPEARENCE,#PULSE,#GRIMACE,#REFLEX,#RESPIRATION,#RESUSCITATION,#NEWBORN,#BABY,#VIRGINIA, #CHILD, #OXYGEN,#CYANOSIS,#OPTICNERVE, #SARACHNA,#MYSTUDENTSUPPORTSYSTEM, #rashes,#nursingclasses, #communityhealthnursing,#ANM, #GNM, #BSCNURING,#NURSINGSTUDENTS, #WHO,#NURSINGINSTITUTION,#COLLEGEOFNURSING,#nursingofficer,#COMMUNITYHEALTHOFFICE
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Pulmonary tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which commonly affects the lungs. The disease is characterized by a cough lasting over 3 weeks, production of sputum, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves sputum examination, chest x-rays, and the Mantoux skin test. Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics like isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol over a period of 6-9 months to prevent development of drug resistance. India has a high burden of tuberculosis with an estimated annual incidence of 1.96 million new cases.
Hand infection - An often ignored problem
This document discusses a case study of hand infections in diabetic patients. 49 diabetic patients with hand infections were examined. The majority had deep infections involving bone or joints. Many required multiple surgeries and amputations. Poor glucose control and insulin dependence were associated with worse outcomes. Aggressive surgical debridement and antibiotic treatment are needed to manage these infections, which often have severe consequences if not properly treated.
tuberculosis ram. nepal civil service hosp
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that typically affects the lungs. It can be spread through droplets from the throat and lungs of people with the active respiratory disease. Tuberculosis can also affect other parts of the body in its extra pulmonary form. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of sputum samples, culture tests and radiography. Treatment requires a multi-drug regimen over a period of 6-9 months. Preventive measures include BCG vaccination, isolation of active cases, and directly observed treatment.
TUBERCULOSIS
This document provides information on tuberculosis (TB), including:
- TB is a contagious bacterial infection that mainly affects the lungs, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Over 9 million new cases and 2 million deaths occur worldwide each year, with 1/3 of the world's population infected.
- Diagnosis involves sputum smear microscopy, culture, chest x-ray, and the tuberculin skin test. Standard treatment lasts 6-9 months using multiple antibiotic drugs.
Surgical Site Infection
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The document provides information about tuberculosis (TB), including its definition, etiology, risk factors, classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and usually affects the lungs. It can spread to other parts of the body. Risk factors include low socioeconomic status, crowded living conditions, HIV/AIDS, and malnutrition. Diagnosis involves examining symptoms, chest x-rays, and testing sputum samples for acid-fast bacilli. Treatment consists of a two-month intensive initial phase followed by a four-month continuation phase using multiple antibiotic drugs.
Pharmacotherapy of TUBERCULOSIS
TB infection, epidemiology, Mode of transmission, etio-pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, prevention, hospital care.
tuberculosis D.Pharm.pptx
Tuberculosis is a contagious infection that mainly affects the lungs and is caused by various Mycobacterium species, most commonly M. tuberculosis. It can spread through close contact with infected individuals. Symptoms include persistent cough, chest pain, coughing up blood, weight loss, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves sputum tests, chest x-rays, and tuberculin skin tests. Treatment involves a multi-drug regimen over several months. Preventive measures include BCG vaccination, isolation, and improved ventilation. Drug-resistant forms like MDR-TB and XDR-TB are increasing global problems, and co-infection with HIV increases the risks of TB infection and active disease.
tuberculosis-150808111627-lva1-app6891.pdf
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that mainly affects the lungs. It can spread through droplets in the air from coughing or sneezing. Symptoms include coughing, chest pain, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves sputum tests, chest x-rays, and tuberculin skin tests. Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics taken for 6-9 months. Preventive measures include BCG vaccination, isolation, and proper ventilation. Drug-resistant TB strains like MDR-TB and XDR-TB require longer and more toxic treatment regimens. HIV co-infection increases the risk of active TB disease.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that mainly affects the lungs. It can spread through droplets in the air from coughing or sneezing. Symptoms include coughing, chest pain, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves sputum tests, chest x-rays, and tuberculin skin tests. Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics taken for 6-9 months. Preventive measures include BCG vaccination, isolation, and proper ventilation. Drug-resistant TB strains like MDR-TB and XDR-TB require longer and more toxic treatment regimens. HIV co-infection increases the risk of active TB disease.
Odontogenic Infections
Odontogenic infections arise from dental sources and can range from mild to severe. They typically progress through edematous, cellulitis, and abscess stages as bacteria spread. Management principles include determining the infection severity, evaluating the patient's defenses, and choosing appropriate antibiotics. For complex infections, deep facial spaces may become inflamed. Osteomyelitis is bone infection that can become chronic. Prevention relies on regular dental care and treating infections early.
Concepts of infection control
The document discusses concepts of infection control, including definitions of community-acquired infections and nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections. It notes that nosocomial infections can occur more than 48 hours after admission, after discharge, or among hospital staff. Risk factors for nosocomial infections include patient susceptibility, environmental factors, and transmission through healthcare workers or the hospital environment. Common sites of nosocomial infections are the urinary tract, respiratory tract, and surgical wounds. The document outlines methods for preventing nosocomial infections through aseptic technique, hand hygiene, cleaning and disinfection of equipment, and patient isolation when necessary.
95-infection-control-in-dentistry.pptx
This document discusses infection control and sterilization in dentistry. It defines key terms like infection control, sterilization, disinfection, and asepsis. It describes the modes of disease transmission and various pathogens that can be transmitted in a dental setting. It outlines objectives and strategies for effective infection control programs, including screening, use of personal protective equipment, aseptic techniques, sterilization and disinfection procedures, waste disposal, and monitoring of sterilization. It provides details on proper hand hygiene, use of barriers like gloves, masks, eyewear and gowns. It also discusses disinfection of dental units and handling of sharps and clinical waste.
Tb powerpoint
Tuberculosis is a major global health problem, killing over 3 million people annually worldwide including 75 Filipinos each day. The Philippines has a high burden of TB and is one of 22 countries prioritized by the WHO for TB control efforts. TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is transmitted via airborne droplets when infected individuals cough, sneeze or speak. Diagnosis involves tuberculin skin testing, chest x-ray, and microscopic examination of sputum samples to look for acid-fast bacilli. Strategies to control TB in the Philippines include BCG vaccination of infants, directly observed treatment to ensure compliance, and use of fixed-dose drug combinations.
TB(Tuberculosis)
www.slideshare.ne www.slideshare.ne Tuberculosis (TB) is fatal
contagious disease that affects the lungs and other part of body which is a public health problem but curable and preventable disease .
Caused organism : bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Human : Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pulmonary TB
Extra pulmonary TB
Animals : Mycobacterium Bovis
Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease of animals caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium bovis, (M.bovis) which is closely related to the bacteria that cause human
Infection control
This document discusses infection control in healthcare facilities. It defines infection control as measures to prevent the spread of infections between patients and from patients or staff to others. This is important in healthcare settings where sick patients are in close proximity. Standard precautions like handwashing, use of personal protective equipment, sterilization/cleaning, and proper waste disposal are described. Additional precautions may also be required depending on the type of infection, such as airborne, droplet or contact precautions. The role of infection control nurses in monitoring and preventing infections is also outlined.
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Tuberculosis
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most chronic infections of human beings and contributes to illness and death around the world. • It is spread by inhaling tiny droplets of saliva from the coughs or sneezes of an infected person. It is a slowly spreading, chronic, bacterial infection,& characterised by gradual weight loss. • TB is the world's second most common cause of death from infectious disease after HIV/AIDS.
- 3. DEFINITION • Tuberculosis is the infectious disease primarily affecting lung parenchyma & it is most often caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. It may spread to any part of the body including meninges, kidney, bones and lymph-nodes.
- 4. CLASSIFICATION Intra pulmonary TB 1. Primary tuberculosis 2. Secondary tuberculosis Extra pulmonary TB 1. Lymph node TB 2. Pleural TB 3. TB of upper airways 4. Skeletal TB 5. Genitourinary TB 6. Pericardial TB 7. Gastrointestinal TB 8. Tuberculosis of Meningitis
- 5. Aetiology 1. Tuberculosis is spread through the air, which means you can only get it by breathing contaminated air. If someone who is actively sick talks, coughs, sneezes, or speaks they can spread TB. 2. Poverty 3. HIV/AIDS 4. Air pollution 5. Homelessness 6. Taking medication that reduces the immunity
- 6. Cont……. 7. DM 8. Organ transplant 9. Working in health care 10. Smoking 11. Pregnancy 12. Old age 13. Blood transfusions
- 7. Modeof transmission • Droplets infection • By infected articles • By organ transplant
- 9. Diagnosticevaluation • H/c • P/E • Blood test • Sputum test • CT • x-ray • MRI • Mantoux test (imp 5m ) • Bronchoscopy • biopsy of affected part • Spirometer
- 10. Mantouxtest • It's also called the tuberculin skin test (TST). • Definition The Mantoux test is a widely used test forTB. It involves injecting a small amount of a substance called PPD(purified protein derivative) tuberculin into the skin of forearm called Mantoux test.
- 11. Procedure • Clean the forearm site • Use a 1mm of tuberculin syringe and aspirate out 0.1 mL of PPD
- 12. Inject the PPD intradermal on the surface of the forearm & Position of syringe is at 10-15° to the forearm and insert just below the epidermis (about 2 mm).
- 13. Remove the needle quickly.Do not massage or use dressing. A well- defined bleb of 6-10mm indiameter should be formed if injected correctly. Mark down the site, date and time of injection, both on the forearm and in the patient’s record. Doctors should read skin tests 48-72 hours after the injection.
- 14. RESULTS OF Mantoux test
- 15. • Measure the diameter of the induration using a plastic flexible millimetre (mm) ruler.
- 20. • BRONCHODILATOR • MULTIVITAMIN • ANTIPYRETIC • COUGH SUPPRESSANT • ANTI INFLAMMATORY
- 21. DOTsTHERAPY • DOTS (directly observed treatment, short-course), is the name given to the World Health Organization-recommended tuberculosis control strategy that combines five components 1) Government commitment (including both political will at all levels, and establishing a centralized and prioritized system of TB monitoring, recording and training) 2) Case detection by sputum smear microscopy and x ray
- 22. • Standardised treatment directly observed by a healthcare worker or community health worker for at least the first two months • A regular drug supply • A standardised recording and reporting system that allows assessment of treatment results