1) The document discusses the Pleistocene era, known as the Great Ice Age, when megafauna like the megatherium and glyptodon roamed Spain alongside wild bulls and packs of wolves. 2) It also describes giant eagles, moas, and marsupial lions hunting animals like diprotodon, and humans hunting glyptodon. 3) Homo erectus spread widely during the Pleistocene, reaching locations across Eurasia, Australia, the Americas, and evolving into new species like Homo heidelbergensis and Homo neanderthalensis.

1. Trials & Tribulations Quaternary 1
Pleistocene ( Great Ice age )
Ice age Megafauna in Spain
Mauricio Anton - Wc – cc
Megatherium & two Glyptodon Wild bull & pack of wolfs
Di BgD - Wc – cc Heinrich Harder- Wc- publicdomain

2. Trials & Tribulations 2
Giant Eagle & Moas Marsupial Lion huntingDiptodon
John Megahan .ancientorigins.net .CC Rom diz –Wc - Publicdomain
Humans hunting Glyptodon
Heinrich Harder – ancientorigins.net – Public domain

3. Trials & Tribulations 3
Homo erectus-the great wanderer of Pleistocene
Male Female
W.Shnaubelt&N kaieser .ancientorigins.CC Elisabeth Daynes .tabula.ge- Sci-news
Homo Heidelbergensis Homo Neanderthal
Jose Luis Martinez A - Wc Woolfgang - Wc

4. Trials & Tribulations 4
African Savanna
Barbara.H.welker – cc by 4.0
Terminal Pleistocene – human footprints discovered on west coast of Canada
Jim Stafford – Plos.org-cc

5. Trials & Tribulations 5
The age of Homos
It was the age of glaciationcycles
several glacial& interglacials
each lasting for millenniums
causinggreat climaticfluctuations
The glaciers extendedover or withdrew
from largepart of the globe repeatedly;
temperatures and sea level roseor fell
fluctuatingwildlyfrom timeto time
Savannasgrasslandsand deserts
were widespreadand the tropical
jungles were confined mainly to the
equatorial belt & nearbyevery where
All this affectedLifeseriously
in variousways ; many mammals
and birdsbecamelarger and larger
makingit an Age of Mega fauna

6. Trials & Tribulations 6
GiantMastodons, Wooly mammoths
Wooly rhinos largeSabre toothedcats
hugeeagles ,Maoas ,and terror birds
ruled Eurasia, Australia& Americas
Among homoninsthe Homo erectus
decidedto leavetheir homeland Africa
to explorethe wide world & leaving in
several waves reached far flung areas
Somebatches reachedEurope
someIndia,and Indonesia
Quitea few China and Korea
Someeven Alaskaand Canada
New specieslikeHeidelbergensis
Neanderthals Denisovansand
ultimatelyHomosapiensevolved
mostlyin middlePleistoceneand later.

7. Trials & Tribulations 7
Sinceglacialsused to be very severe
they always made lifevery difficult;
animals triedto cope in variousways
becominglargerand woolly in manycases
How humanssurvivedseverewinters
and extreme cold of several glacials
is a mystery! a matter of speculation !
( whether by cave dwelling?or fireuse?)
Late Pleistocene infact is so strange
that while glacialswere so severe
that megafauna died& became extinct
the smallercreatures survived –How?
And in interglacials it was so nice
that homo speciescould cross over
from Asiato North Americaand we
could see their footprintseven now.
The mass extinction & survivalsshow
that Lifehad to face Trials& Tribulations
again and again.